Winter Olympics are in full swing, ice and snow sports have become the public's favorite, have you ever had an external injury in sports, or are you inevitably bumping in life? After trauma, do you know how to use disinfection products and how to avoid wound infection...? Don't worry, today, the emergency department doctor of Peking Union Medical College Hospital will explain in detail how to deal with common trauma for you
About the author: Liu Yecheng
Deputy Chief Physician of the Emergency Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital.
What is a purple potion or a red potion
Purple potion
Purple potion is made in the ratio of 10 grams of methyl purple to 1 liter of water. Methyl violet is also often referred to as gentian violet and is less irritating.
Disadvantages of Purple Potion:
First, the sterilization ability is poor.
Second, the convergence is strong, it is easy to make the wound surface harden scab, affecting the discharge of exudate, while making the scab bacteria breed, but will aggravate the disease.
Third, because the color is dark, it is not conducive to observing the wound after application.
Animal studies have found that purple potions have a potential carcinogenic risk.
Currently, purple syrup is only used as a marker during surgery.
Red potion
Red potion, also known as mercury bromide, is an organic compound containing heavy metal mercury.
Disadvantages of red potion:
When the wound is too large or too deep, the red potion is used, and too much mercury ions can enter the body through the skin, causing poisoning.
Like the purple potion, the color of the red potion can also affect the judgment of wound healing. It is worth emphasizing that iodine wine and red potion cannot be used together. Because the main component of iodine wine is iodine, the mixture of iodine and mercury bromide will precipitate highly toxic mercury iodide.
How to deal with common trauma?
Since the purple potion and red potion have gradually withdrawn from the market due to their own shortcomings, who is stronger in the disinfection products on the market today?
Hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, iodine... Are these trauma disinfectants "each with their own strengths" or "the same destination"? When preparing commonly used medicines, do you need to prepare them all or choose one? How should common trauma be handled?
Abrasions, cuts
Severity Index: ★ ☆☆☆☆☆
Basic features:
Abrasions are only skin injuries, shallow in depth and small in area, and the injuries are generally relatively minor and can be bandaged without bandaging.
General Treatment:
1, first with water or soapy water for rinsing and cleaning, if there is dirt around the wound or wound, it is best to rinse with normal saline.
2. Apply iodophor to the skin around the wound.
3. Apply erythromycin ointment to prevent infection, or use gauze to protect it slightly.
It should be noted that if the wound is bleeding, it needs to be pressed, and most wounds can stop bleeding within 20 minutes, and if the bleeding cannot be stopped for more than 20 minutes, it is necessary to go to the hospital for medical treatment.
In addition, band-aids are not recommended for smaller wounds, because the band-aids are too tightly wrapped and the breathability is not good, but it is easy for the wound to breed bacteria.
Smashing, squeezing
Severity Index: ★★ ☆☆☆☆
Basic features: after smashing or squeezing, the skin only appears mild redness, swelling and pain, and there is no damage, which can be observed first and does not need to be treated for the time being. If the skin breaks after the smash, it can be treated as abrasion, and if there is a severe bruise and squeeze such as bruising, rupture or even severe pain, it is recommended to seek medical attention as soon as possible.
Burns, burns
Severity Index: ★★★ ☆☆
Basic features: According to the degree of burns, in medicine can be divided into three degrees: I degree burns, injuries are relatively mild, usually there will be a certain erythema, but there are no blisters; second degree burns, according to the depth of skin involvement, can be divided into shallow second degree and deep second degree burns; third degree burns, more serious, the skin is leathery, no elasticity, pain will weaken or disappear.
In medicine, burns are also considered a kind of burn, and the two treatment principles are roughly the same. In general, most of the burns that can be handled by themselves in daily life are I-degree burns.
1, rinse with running water for 5 to 10 minutes, the irrigation time is too long to make the wound impregnated, that is, it is often said to be in the "bubble hair" state. If the pain does not subside after 5 to 10 minutes, you can soak the towel and cover the wound, which is effective for pain relief and avoids impregnation of the skin by water flow.
2. Apply antibiotic ointment to the surface of the wound. It should be emphasized that if blisters appear in the wound, it is necessary to seek medical attention as soon as possible.
In addition, many people are accustomed to applying toothpaste to the wound after scalding, which has no scientific basis, and applying toothpaste will also affect the judgment of the wound situation.
Stabbing, biting
Severity Index: ★★★★ ☆
Puncture wounds left by slender glass slides, needles, nails, wood thorns, etc., the wound is generally small, deep, and there is a risk of tetanus infection, so it should be treated in the hospital as soon as possible.
If you are bitten by an animal, in addition to the risk of tetanus, you may also have the risk of rabies, and you must go to the hospital in time to get rabies vaccine.
1, before going to the hospital can be carried out some simple treatment, if there is no stab wound left in the wound, you can squeeze the wound first, so that some blood flows out. If there is residual sting, it can be removed with sterilized forceps.
2. Rinse with normal saline.
3. Apply iodine to the outside.
How to choose commonly used drugs?
Iodophor
Iodophor is a broad-spectrum bactericidal drug that can be applied directly to the wound and is easy to use.
Iodine volt for most human pathogenic bacteria, some molds, protozoa and some viruses, etc., have a killing effect, can be used for patient skin burns, frostbite, trauma, abrasion disinfection, because of its low iodine concentration, no toxicity and corrosiveness to the human body, and compared with iodine wine, alcohol, iodine will not cause pain, so it is widely used. Care should be taken to avoid contact with the eye area during use. Iodine volta immediately after applying the wound produces a bactericidal effect, follow-up does not need to be repeatedly applied, because the concentration of bacteria in the air is very low, do not worry about air pollution wounds.
Iodine tincture
Alcohol solution of iodine and potassium iodide. Iodine tincture is actually iodine wine, the two are the same substance, medically commonly known as iodine tincture, iodine wine is commonly known.
Because iodine tincture is irritating to the skin, the application of iodine tincture is much less than that of iodine, but its bactericidal effect is very significant. Iodine tincture can be used to disinfect the skin, such as the use of iodine alcohol to disinfect the skin before blood injections.
It is worth noting that it is not recommended to apply iodine tincture to open, ulcerated wounds, because of its certain irritation, it may affect wound recovery. Iodine with a concentration of 2% is often used to disinfect intact skin, but 75% alcohol must be deiodized 2 to 3 minutes after application.
alcohol
The medical alcohol concentration is about 75%, which has a certain sterilization and disinfection effect. Alcohol cotton balls are most common in life, they are made from 75% alcohol and sterile cotton balls.
75% alcohol does kill some bacteria, but it has no effect on bacterial spores and spores and mold, and can only be used for ordinary hand surface disinfection. Alcohol will bring strong irritation to the skin, the pain is very strong, in general, the pain of sprinkling alcohol on the wound is 7-8 grades, doctors recommend that the majority of families, daily choice of milder drugs for treatment. In addition, wiping the skin with an alcohol cotton ball for a long time to disinfect it will cause the skin to dry and rough.
Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidant. Medical hydrogen peroxide can kill intestinal pathogenic bacteria, purulent cocci, pathogenic yeast, generally used for surface disinfection of objects.
The benefit of hydrogen peroxide is that it can effectively disinfect large, deep and heavily contaminated wounds, which doctors may use for debridement operations, but are almost unusable in home scenarios, and there is no need to reserve hydrogen peroxide.
How can I avoid wound infection?
Pay attention to wound cleaning
After the injury, you can choose whether to go to the hospital for treatment according to the size of the wound. If the wound area is relatively small, the wound can be disinfected with disinfection items such as iodine and iodine wine. If there are small contaminants on the abrasion wound, the wound can be rinsed with running water or saline before disinfection.
Avoid scratching the wound
Before the wound heals, the local skin may have certain itching symptoms, at this time, try not to touch the wound with your hands, so as not to infect the wound caused by bacteria on the hand and prolong the healing time.
Do not pick blood scabs
Many people think that blood scabs affect the overall appearance, so they use their hands to remove the blood scabs. However, if the wound is deep, even if a blood scab forms on the surface, the inside of the skin is not completely healed. At this time, removing the blood scab by hand may cause the wound to bleed again, becoming a new wound, increasing the risk of wound infection.
Pay attention to a light diet
If the injury is more serious, then in terms of diet, you also need to pay attention to try to be light, do not eat too much irritating food, so as not to affect the wound healing.
Source/China Family Newspaper
Image/from the web
Editor/Hong Chengwei
Editor-in-Chief/Chen Mingyan
Producer/Wu Peixin