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If the fertility policy had been liberalized a few years earlier, I might have had another child, and now that I'm in my 40s, I really don't want to have another child. ——A post-80s woman said about the three-child policy.
A recent paper in the Journal of China Women's College pointed out that through a questionnaire conducted by 1907 female teachers in 13 provinces (municipalities /autonomous regions) across the country, the overall willingness of female teachers to have three children is only 3.36%. Why is the willingness of female teachers to have three children so low, and what are the reasons behind it? What measures will the state take to encourage childbearing?
People's willingness to have children has generally declined
According to the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2021, the national birth population was 10.62 million, the birth rate was 7.52 ‰, the death population was 10.14 million, the mortality rate was 7.18 ‰, the natural population growth rate was 0.34 ‰, and the national population was 1412.6 million people, an increase of 480,000 people over the end of 2020.
The numbers are cold, but the numbers are telling. Behind this figure is a sharp decline in people's willingness to have children.
In 2022, the number of college graduates nationwide will exceed 10 million for the first time, reaching 10.2 million. There are only 10.62 million newborns in 2021, according to this calculation, children born in 2021 do not need to carry out "general job diversion" when they graduate from junior high school, and now the university can basically meet the wishes of all children to go to college.
As for whether the "general job diversion" will be abolished in the future, it is difficult to say, but people's general willingness to have children is objectively existent.
Behind people's reluctance to have children and unwilling to have children, the biggest reason is that "it is easy to have children, but it is difficult to raise children." Some people say that "housing" and "education" are the best contraceptives, and there may be some truth to it.
Why are female teachers reluctant to have three children?
The survey in the paper of the Journal of China Women's College shows that female teachers are the highest overall willing to have a child in the ideal number of children, at 38.96%, followed by the second child, 38.91%, followed by those who do not want to have children, 18.77%, and the proportion of three children is the lowest, only 3.36%.
It turns out that 18.77% of female teachers do not want to have a child! Only 3.36 per cent of female teachers are willing to have three children.
In addition to the two factors of housing and education, why is the willingness of female teachers to have three children not high?
This is one reason why the economic strength of young female teachers has increased, their independence has increased, and their views on marriage and love have changed.
The main reasons are that their workload is too large, they do not have the time and energy to take care of and accompany their children; their salaries are not high; and the educational cost of raising children is too high.
According to the data, 84.06% of female teachers agree that "children who lack parental company usually have psychological problems." If the child is born, it should be responsible for the child, and because the workload is too large, can not take good care of the child, is not responsible for the child, coupled with the teacher's salary level is not high, and the cost of educating the child is too high, these factors are superimposed, is the root cause of female teachers' reluctance to have three children.
What measures will be introduced to encourage fertility in the future?
Earlier, Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province, introduced a monthly reward of 500 yuan to encourage families with two and three children, and the subsidy has been until the child is 3 years old, that is, starting from the second child, each child can receive a subsidy of 18,000 yuan.
According to media reports, by the end of 2021, panzhihua city with a population of more than 1.2 million people, there are 701 families that have declared subsidies for two or three children, and 650 households that meet the distribution standards.
It can be seen from the data that the reward policy of 500 yuan a month has a "spawning" effect that is not prominent.
Recently, the Zhejiang Health Commission released a questionnaire survey, if the monthly subsidy of 1,000 yuan, until the child is three years old, are you willing to have a second or third child?
It is foreseeable that similar policies are likely to increase.
Write at the end
Following the "no speculation in housing" and "affordable medical care", the implementation of the "double reduction" policy is actually to reduce family housing, medical and education expenditures, encourage fertility, and improve people's willingness to have children.
It may be that in the future, many places will introduce policies similar to Panzhihua to encourage fertility, but it is really difficult to say how effective it will be.
In fact, it is not only female teachers who are reluctant to have three children, people's overall willingness to have children is not high! What do you think can be done to improve people's willingness to have children?
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