Author: Qi Yunke
Qin Guan (1049 – September 17, 1100), courtesy name Shaoyou, was a famous writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, who, together with Huang Tingjian, Chao Shuzhi, and Zhang Qian, was known as the "Four Scholars of Sumen". Qin Guan's poetry and articles are well written and deeply loved by later generations. His life was bumpy and his fate was uncertain, but the poems and anecdotes he composed during his tenure as a professor in Caizhou (Runan) are little known.
1. Serve as an official
Qin Guan lost his father at the age of 15, studied at home, and prepared to take the road of kejushi. At the age of 27, he took the imperial examination for the first time, full of confidence, but he fell out of the list; at the age of 30, he took the imperial examination again, still named Sun Shan.
Later, after several years of hard work, he took the exam for the third time, and was able to enter the priesthood and the first, at the age of 33, was awarded the post of Dinghai Master Bookkeeper, and before he arrived, he was changed to Professor Caizhou, that is, the official in charge of education, which was commonly known as "Scholar Official." "The seat of government of Cai Prefecture, in present-day Runan County, was a strategic place during the Northern Song Dynasty.
Qin Guan was a professor in Caizhou, and management education, for himself, could display his talents, educate the people with his knowledge, and raise up the style of culture and education, and have a place to play. From the eighth year of Yuan Feng (1085) to the eighth year of Yuan Hu (1093), he served in Runan intermittently for eight or nine years, and did many things that were beneficial to society.
During his term of office, he gained a better understanding of the history and general situation of Runan, and conducted a survey of the people's livelihood and people's sentiments in Runan, especially the flooding in Runan. Vigorously promote the development of education in Runan, educate and guide the people to be good, so that the folk customs and moral customs of Runan can be improved and purified.
Qin saw that Runan's scenery was beautiful and its products were rich, but every summer, floods were frequent, and he wrote a special article "Rushui Rising and Overflowing", expressing concern for the local people's livelihood and attaching great importance to the floods that endanger the people.
He not only paid attention to the current situation of the flood, but also scientifically analyzed the causes of the flood in Runan through investigation and evidence: First, Hongqipi was abandoned, believing that although Hongqipi had provided Ru'nan with the benefits of irrigation and fertility for fishing and shrimp, it has been abandoned to this day, often overflowing into floods, and has become the source of disasters for the people. In addition, because the Ruhe River is silted up, the flood discharge is not smooth, resulting in floods overflowing on both sides of the river, forming a flood.
His analysis of the flood in Runan provides a basis for future generations to control water.
From the Yuan Dynasty to the 30th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1293), the local government cut off the waist of the upper reaches of the Ru River, so that the water in the upper reaches of the Ru River was diverted into the Ying River, alleviating the pressure on the ru river downstream, the flood was lifted, and the people enjoyed Taining, hence the name "Runing Province".
2. Poetry has been passed down through the ages
Qin Guan is a famous artist in the history of mainland literature, and poetry, words, fu, and prose are all involved. He was quick-witted and creative, and because of his death in a foreign land, the 40 volumes of the Huaihai Collection were not personally compiled by him before his death, so there must still be lost works. The poems, words, and articles he wrote in Runan, which can be determined at present, are 7 poems, 4 words, and 7 articles.
"Proposed County Study Test East Wind Thaw", "Send Zhang Shu and Jian Lu Zhi" and "Answer Zeng Cunzhi" three poems, writing about the changes in his thoughts and feelings after entering the Shi, although he was a minor official of Professor Caizhou, he was still full of confidence in the future, full of optimism and self-confidence, looking forward to the future expectations, hoping that "there will be no boat obstacles, and from then on, he will pass through all rivers." ”
A poem "Sending Uncle Zhang and Jian Luzhi", in addition to expressing the thoughts and gratitude of friends, also expresses dissatisfaction with the minister's alliance with the party for personal gain, and the sadness and indignation that he does not meet with his own talents, the end of the poem: "The big beam is more heroic, and the old man is full of green clouds." For Xie Huang Shudu, the sideburns of this white "Answer once existed", Qin Guan expressed his heart directly, lamenting that youth is easy to pass away, aging is approaching, on the one hand, he is content with a humble job, on the other hand, he has the idea of retiring to the mountains and forests.
"Ciyun Taishou XiangGong Denglou Overlook Two Songs" is written in the third year of Yuan Hu (1088), Qin Guan attended a banquet held by Xiang Zonghui in Zhizhou in Runan, and Xiang Zonghui wrote the poem "Climbing the Tower and Overlooking", which Qin Shaoyou wrote in the second rhyme. In the previous year, Runan suffered a natural disaster, leading to a rebellion of starving people, And Qin Guan's poem was intended to express people's feelings to Zhizhou, and with the deeds of outstanding figures in runan's history and their rise and fall, it was intended to exhort and remind Zhizhou to care about the people's livelihood and suffering, serve the official and benefit one party.
His two poems, "Morning Glory" and "Gifting Female Crown Changshi", are both written by Chang Daogu. The Tongjiang Poetry says: "The surname of Chang is only Ru Nan, and his clan is especially devoted, and the male and female are yellow crowned, eight or nine times out of ten." Sometimes there are female crowns Chang Daogu, beautiful postures, and immortals among people. Less travel can not be picked, but as a poetry cloud. ”
Morning Glory:
The silver Han Initially moved to the leaky, and the step was weak and relied on the jade trunk. The fairy clothes were dyed blue in the sky, and begging and the human world to look at Xiao.
"Gift of female crown Changshi":
Hitomi cut the water waist like a bundle, a black veil wrapped in han jade. Fluttering has its own shooting posture, looking back at the powder is all dirty. The fog and cloud windows are invisible, and the cars and horses in front of the door are at their disposal. The spring day of the altar is quiet, and the red is full of milk crows.
The above two poems are the works of Qin Guan's interaction with Daogu when he was a professor in Runan.
In the Tang and Song dynasties, female crowns were often affectionate, talented and good-looking, liked to associate with scholars, sing with each other, and were proud of it. He was an amorous talent, and some good stories of sexual encounters were also described in poems.
Qin Guan wrote the lyrics in Runan, and only 4 of them have been seen at the moment: "Water Dragon Yin" and three "Southern Songs". The first one was written to the camp prostitute Lou Dongyu, and the last three were written to the singer Tao Xin'er.
In the Song Dynasty, it was common for singers and prostitutes to ask for words to be sung or to remember, and it was common for literati to give lyrics to prostitutes to respond to songs, and some singers and prostitutes often used the gifts of the literati as a means of showing off, so some lyricists implied the names of the prostitutes in the gifts, which not only made fun of their own talents and Yaxing, but also satisfied the wishes and vanity of the singers.
Qin Guan wrote argumentative essays, essays, trekking or prefaces in Runan, and there are currently 7 articles that can be seen: 2 articles in the "Chronicle of Ruyang County" and 5 articles in the "Qin Guan Collection" compiled by Liu Zunming. Qin Shaoyou wrote more than 7 articles in Runan, and perhaps there are more and better poems, words, and articles to be studied and searched in depth.
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