The "Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms" was a rebellion spearheaded by Liu Liu, the nephew of Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gaozu, and the participants were Liu Bang's descendants. In fact, it was also a game between the liu surname clans, but this lei was still buried by Liu Bang himself.
Stills of Liu Bang
During the Chu-Han War (206 BC to 202 BC), Liu Bang, in order to defeat Xiang Yu, drew a number of allies, such as Zhang Er the King of Changshan, Yingbu the King of Jiujiang, Peng Yue, the guerrilla master Peng Yue, the general Han Xin, the king of Hengshan, Wu Rui, the king of Hengshan, Han Wangxin (a descendant of the Korean royal family), and Zang Di, the king of Yan. Liu Bang claimed that after the emperor, these people all stretched their necks for benefits, not to mention that he had also made promises before, so he finally had to honor them.
Next, Liu Bang divided the seals, Han Xin was changed from King Qi to King of Chu, Wu Rui was changed from King Hengshan to King of Changsha; Zhang Ao succeeded his father as King of Zhao; Peng Yue was made King of Liang, and Yingbu was made King of Huainan; and Zang Di, King of Yan, and King Xin of Han remained unchanged. In addition, Liu Bang also recognized the throne of the Minyue King, which eventually formed a situation in which the central empire and the local princely states coexisted.
In 195 BC, Liu Bang died, and this pattern had transitioned to another state, and he spent almost seven years erasing most of the princes with different surnames from the territory of the Han Dynasty and replacing them with his brothers and nephews. The whole process is as follows:
1. Destroy Zang Di, who rebelled against him, and make Lu Xie the King of Yan, and later replaced by his eighth son, Liu Jian.
2. The State of Chu was divided into two, and was given to his younger brother Liu Jiao and his cousin Liu Jia respectively. Liu Jiao was the King of Chu and Liu Jia was the King of Jing. After Liu Jia was killed by Yingbu, Liu Bang made his nephew Liu Hao the King of Wu, and the state of Jing became the state of Wu.
3. Crowned the eldest son Liu Fei as the King of Qi.
4. After expelling Wang Xin of Han who surrendered to the Xiongnu, he changed Korea to a daiguo, first making his brother Liu Xi the acting king, and then replaced by his fourth son Liu Heng.
5. Demoted his son-in-law Zhang Ao to the Title of Marquis of Xuanping, and made his third son Liu Ruyi the Prince of Zhao.
6. Yi Pengyue three tribes, the fifth son Liu Hui as the King of Liang.
7. After quelling the Yingbu rebellion, he made his seventh son Liu Chang the Prince of Huainan.
VIII. Another sixth son, Liu You, was made the King of Huaiyang.
After doing the above things, Liu Bang, who was angry, had entered the countdown of life. At the moment, he believes that his Liu family must be more reliable than outsiders, as for what changes will occur in the future, it will not be able to manage so much, even if the meat is rotten one day, it can only be rotten in the pot. Liu Bang's set of operations was accomplished by drawing the historical lessons of the death of Qin II. Between the limited time, Liu Bang can do just that.
Facts have proved that the people of the old Liu family are also generally unreliable. After Lü Hou's death in 180 BC, Liu Fei's son Liu Xiang the Prince of Qi was about to seize the throne, and almost led his troops into the capital Chang'an, thanks to Zhou Bo, Dou Bao, and Chen Pingren,who were clever enough to finally successfully obstruct and bypass Liu Xiang and establish Liu Heng, later Emperor Wen of Han.
On the surface, saying that Zhu Lu was going to make trouble, Liu Xiang lit his sword in time and dared to say no to them. In fact, Liu Xiang's internal logic is very simple, that is, his father Liu Fei is the eldest son of the emperor and has not inherited the throne, he has suffered losses, and he has to take back compensation here, and his logic has even been passed down to several brothers. The rebellion of Liu Xingju, the king of Jibei in the early days of Emperor Wen of Han, stemmed from this reason. By the time of the Han Jing Emperor, Liu Fei's seven sons became princes and supported half of the "Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms".
Stills of Emperor Wen of Han
Therefore, for the Han court, the princes surnamed Liu were not necessarily much more loyal than the princes with different surnames. Sometimes the reason why they show obedience is first, because they still have memories of Liu Bang, and their hearts are both jealous and in awe, and when these memories are exhausted, they become fearless; second, because of their lack of strength, when they feel that they have the strength to call the imperial court, they can't control their foolishness. Therefore, during the reign of Emperor Wen of Han, Liu Xingju, the king of Jibei, and Liu Chang, the king of Huainan, rebelled successively.
Regarding the threat of local princes to the imperial court, the emperors of the early Han Dynasty had a clear understanding, and in order to eliminate this hidden danger, they began to lay out from the time of Emperor Wen of Han. During the reign of Emperor Wen of Han, the original state of Huainan was divided into three princely states, and the state of Qi was divided into seven princely states. The person who proposed the plot for Emperor Wen of Han was the famous politician Jia Yi.
Jia Yi once said to Emperor Wen of Han, "Those who are neglectful will be in danger, those who are close to them will be in chaos, and most of the strong will rebel." How to solve this problem? Therefore, Jia Yi put forward the idea of "building princes and reducing their strength". The meaning is very simple, that is, to divide the large princely states, so that those liu clans within it that have no inheritance rights can also enjoy the benefits of having fiefs. In this way, the huge princely states became a bunch of small princely states scattered, and the threat to the imperial court became smaller and smaller, in fact, this was the prototype of the "Tui En Order" in the later Han Wudi period.
This strategy proved to be effective, because the large princely states were struck by a gentle knife, and although they were cut to pieces, the meat was still eaten by the people closest to them. If the princes did not agree at the beginning, it may be the direct relatives who first stirred up emotions and then opposed him, and the emperor who proposed the strategy occupied the moral high point, which is the main reason why the "Tuien Order" was called "no solution to the Yang Conspiracy".
Jia Yi was a very insightful politician who proposed many excellent governing strategies for Emperor Wen of Han, but unfortunately he died in his early thirties. After Jia Yi died, he gave another person the space to show his fists and feet, and this person was Chao Wrong. It should be said that Chao's mistake is the same age as Jia Yi, but the level and talent are much inferior to Jia Yi. However, this old man seems to have realized a secret of the wind and water - diligence can make up for clumsiness.
It turned out that Chao Que constantly proposed a strategy for Han Wendi to govern the country, involving a very wide range, from agricultural production, selection and employment of talents to social economy, rule by the people, and then to the defense of the Xiongnu, etc., which can be described as all-encompassing. For these snowflake-like strategic suggestions, Emperor Wendi of Han discriminated against them, and adopted them if they found them useful, and silently discarded them as if they were useless. Under the fierce bombardment, Chao's status continued to rise, and Emperor Wen of Han not only gave him the title of "think tank", but also made him the prince's family order, the middle doctor, etc., like Liu Qi's teacher.
Since he could be a teacher to the future emperor, Chao mistakenly thought that there were two brushes, and gradually expanded. Therefore, when Liu Qi succeeded to the throne in 157 BC, as the imperial master, he could not wait to advocate the cutting of the domain. The theoretical basis of Chao's mistake is that sooner or later these princely states will rebel, cutting him will be reversed, and if he is not cut, he will also be anti-, rather than this, it is better to cut late than to cut early.
Stills of The Han Jing Emperor and Chao Wrong
How to cut it? It is to directly cut the land of the princely states into the pockets of the imperial court. This was obviously more painful than Jia Yi's set, but he did not consider the ability of the princes who had been cut off to endure pain. Therefore, the cutting of the domain has not yet been fully launched, and the following princely states have reversed, and the leader is Liu Hao, the king of Wu.
Liu Hao's call can be described as a gathering of responders, because they have the same interests. In the end, Liu Peng the King of Chu, Liu Sui the King of Zhao, Liu Peiguang the King of Jinan, Liu Xian the King of Zichuan, Liu Wei the King of Jiaoxi, Liu Xiongqu the King of Jiaodong, and other princes of the Liu clan joined forces with Liu Hao to launch a rebellion under the name of "Qing Junfang" in 154 BC. Note that the last four are Liu Fei's sons.
The so-called "QingJun side" refers to the chaotic mistake of wanting to kill and provoke right and wrong. The words of these princes who started the army were that the imperial court and the localities were originally at peace with each other and enjoyed their own pleasures, but the big bad guy chao had to provoke the contradictions between our Liu family, so he was the leader. Even the old father who was wrong thought so, so he committed suicide after dissuading his son without success.
In fact, everyone knows that the idea of the princes is not simple, not at all aimed at Chao wrong person, but to show the sword to the Han Jing Emperor, so even if the Han Jing Emperor takes the initiative to "clear the side of the king" for them, they will not stop the army, and the results have been verified. However, Emperor Jingdi of Han hurriedly killed Chao And then sent a large army to suppress the rebellion. In this way, Chao's mistake appeared to be very wronged, and posterity was also confused by this divine operation of the Han Jing Emperor.
Why does Chao have to die? In fact, the reason is very complicated, he was hunted by three parties. He was hunted by emperor Jingdi of Han, Yuan Ang, and Wu Chu rebels.
1. Emperor Jing of Han. The extent to which the cutting of the domain caused turmoil among the princes was something that Emperor Jingdi of Han did not expect, and even made him panic. In addition to panicking, the first person that Emperor Han Jingdi thought of was Chao Wrong, and at this time, Chao Wrong was identified as the initiator, so Emperor Han Jing Emperor would seek a solution to the problem from Chao Wrong. Unexpectedly, the suggestion given by Chao Que was to let the Han Jing Emperor personally drive the conquest, while he himself acted as a rear guard. It's like Chao mistakenly lit a fire and then asked Emperor Jingdi of Han to carry water to extinguish the fire.
In this way, the Han Jing Emperor would definitely be angry, because he thought that Chao had reversed the primary and secondary relationships, and he also played a trick of the golden cicada to get out of the shell. Of course, Chao's original intention was to use the Han Jing Emperor to boost morale, which had a positive side for pacifying the rebels, but he should not let the Han Jing Emperor take too much risk, let alone take the initiative to drill a haven. Obviously, Chao's performance in the moment of crisis disappointed Emperor Han jingdi, which should be the fuse for Emperor Han Jingdi to kill him.
Secondly, the slogan played by the rebels was "Qing Jun's side", because they also expected that the Han Jing Emperor would not kill Chao, so they shouted very loudly, and they could also play a role in confusing the public opinion, making some people think that their purpose of raising troops was very simple, that is, to kill Chao. However, for emperor Jingdi of Han, it was precisely on this slogan that if chao was killed, it would morally force the rebels into a dead corner, and if they did not retreat, they would lose their moral position and expose their true purpose in front of the world. Obviously, it was very necessary for the Han Jing Emperor to send the rebel army, so he not only had to kill Chao Wrong, but also chose the vegetable market entrance with the largest flow of people, and even let Chao Wrong wear imperial clothes to cause a greater sensational effect.
2. Yuan Ang. The upper officials of the early Han Dynasty princely states (high-ranking officials above 2,000 stones) were all directly dispatched by the imperial court, so Yuan Ang, as the xiangguo of the Wu state, was actually sent by the Han Jing Emperor to supervise the illegal behavior of the princes and prevent them from rebelling. Therefore, when Liu Hao, the king of Wu, raised an army, Yuan Ang was jointly and severally responsible. In fact, Emperor Jing of Han did not have the intention of completely condemning Yuan Ang, because he knew in his heart that it was an easy thing for the princes at that time to drive the empty country, and it would not help to pursue responsibility, but it would be too harsh. However, Chao Que took the opportunity to hold Yuan Ang and insisted, saying that he had already colluded with Liu Hao and had been hoodwinking the imperial court, so he should be killed.
In this way, Yuan Ang felt precarious, and out of the desire to survive, he naturally had to find a way to get rid of Chao's mistake. Therefore, Yuan Ang insisted that as long as he killed Chao, the Wu-Chu coalition army would retreat without a fight, and he would personally go to the State of Wu to persuade Liu Hao to strike. For Emperor Jingdi of Han, one could dispel hatred, the second could seize the moral high point, and the third could pin a little hope of a costless soldier, so he adopted Yuan Ang's suggestion.
3. Rebels. For the princes of the Seven Kingdoms of Wuchu, the only way to find a justified excuse for their own soldiers was to put Chao on the fire and roast it, as to whether they could be roasted to death, they did not have much hope, because they were drunk and did not want to drink. However, this trick of theirs was equivalent to giving the Han Jing Emperor eye drops, which made the Han Jing Emperor feel very uncomfortable, so with the help of a variety of factors, they magnified the added value of killing Chao, and as a result, Chao Jingdi had no way to live. In short, the logic of the emperor is very different from the logic of ordinary people, because the former looks at profit, and the latter looks at righteousness.
Write at the end:
Some people have questioned whether the Han Jing Emperor could quell the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms if he did not kill Chao. In fact, these are two different things, because counterinsurgency relies on military strength, not moral condemnation. The main reason why the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms was put down in three months was that Zhou Yafu (Son of Zhou Bo) used tactics, he let Liu Wu the Liang King (Emperor Jingdi's brother of Emperor Jing of Han) as bait, and then interspersed back to the rear of the rebels, cutting off their grain routes, causing the other side's army to be confused and collapse without a fight. Therefore, combing through history, the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms is like a thunder planted by Liu Bang, chao mistakenly bears the brunt of being a pioneer in demining, and as a result, he was blown up in the western sky because of poor technology.