First, the current situation of the realization and circulation of private collections and the authenticity, confirmation of rights and value is still not optimistic.
The volume of private collection is huge, but most of them are still in the state of "illegal collection" and are not recognized.
In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, with the comprehensive development of domestic infrastructure construction and the vigorous development of real estate business, a huge volume of cultural relics and artworks has been unearthed, except for less than 10% of the excavated cultural relics collected by cultural institutions, the remaining 90% are exiled to the people. According to preliminary statistics, the number of domestic collectors has reached 80 million, and the collections held by them are calculated according to 10 pieces per capita, there are 800 million pieces, which is dozens of times the total number of 14.69 million collections in public museums in the country, and in fact, collectors with more than 10,000 pieces of private collections abound. According to the statistics of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, there are currently hundreds of millions of cultural relics collected by more than 2,000 private museums in China.
At the same time, limited by the constraints and suppression of the domestic "Cultural Relics Law", these massive cultural relics held by private collectors are still in a state of "illegal collection" and not recognized, and the current situation of the vast majority of them is often "a house full of antiques and full of debts". However, this should not be the fate of collection, the fate of collection should be "to turn the wealth of a thousand years of treasure into a new driving force for economic development."
Second, the identification of ancient artworks is chaotic, and domestic cultural relics are facing a serious "identity crisis" Since the reform and opening up, China has been lacking feasible cultural relics identification standards, which has led to a serious "identity crisis" in domestic cultural relics.
On the one hand, due to the inability to find historical records and "verify the correct body", many excavated cultural relics have not been recognized for a long period of history. The main reason is caused by the guiding ideology of "two whatevers" of cultural experts - "whatever is in the museum is true, and what is collected by the people is false". Treating folk collections without seeking truth from facts, not making specific analysis of specific problems in the works of art left over from history, not investigating and studying them, and beating them to death with a stick, the consequence is to form a fault line in traditional Chinese culture.
The serious "identity crisis" has also formed a strange circle of the loss of Chinese cultural relics: unearthed in China, not recognized, and then flowed out; overseas are recognized, and then bought back at sky-high prices; those that are not recognized continue to flow out.
Since the 1990s, the outflow of a large number of excavated cultural relics has also been directly related to the current implementation of the Cultural Relics Law.
The Act stipulates that all excavated cultural relics are owned by the State and that any private trade is illegal. If this provision can be thoroughly implemented, it will block the market for excavated cultural relics and reduce the commercial value of excavated cultural relics to zero.
Theoretically, this method allows the public to hand over all the excavated cultural relics in their hands to the government for safekeeping, and the tomb robbery will also lose the benefits and inducements to eliminate it. But in fact, the love of Chinese cultural relics is not limited to Chinese, and many foreigners love Chinese cultural relics more than Chinese, resulting in the market for Chinese cultural relics unearthed abroad.
As such, since the 1990s, Chinese cultural relics have not only circulated in the market at lower prices, but also been sold on a large scale under the name of "handicrafts".
According to statistics, the loss of cultural relics in the past 30 years far exceeds that of the late Qing Dynasty, modern times and even the "Cultural Revolution". The president of a South Korean trading company, Kim Il-hee, has purchased more than 600,000 containers of cultural relics in China, more than a third of the Forbidden City. According to a survey of 200 museums in 47 countries conducted by UNESCO in recent years, it has been found that the 18 million Chinese outbound cultural relics are far more than the late Qing Dynasty, modern times and even the "Cultural Revolution" period. The president of a South Korean trading company, Kim Il-hee, has purchased more than 600,000 containers of cultural relics in China, more than a third of the Forbidden City. According to a survey of 200 museums in 47 countries by UNESCO in recent years, 18 million Chinese cultural relics were found, most of which were excavated, and the cultural relics smuggled out in the past 10 years were more than 30 times that of the Eight-Power Alliance.
Fourth, pseudo-experts illegally identify, unsupervised, irresponsible. First of all, at the implementation level, the state has not set up an access system for cultural relics and artwork appraisal institutions, and the administrative department for industry and commerce conducts a basic review from the level of review of the scope of business.
There is a lack of basic industry associations for self-discipline management within the cultural relics and artwork appraisal industry, and most appraisal institutions only have the business scope of art appraisal, but they cross the line to engage in cultural relics appraisal.
Secondly, the industrial attributes of the cultural industry have been seriously ignored, and the cultural relics market is chaotic. Its first manifestation is that private collectors urgently need professional qualifications for appraisal and appraisal experts "palm eyes", but the appraisal and appraisal experts with professional qualifications are in major domestic cultural institutions, according to the provisions of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, cultural and museum system personnel are not allowed to engage in collection activities, can not effectively respond to the needs of private collectors. Serious information asymmetry has caused various pseudo-experts and pseudo-scholars to disrupt the order of social cultural relics exchanges and transactions, which also makes it difficult for the domestic cultural relics market to connect with finance.
V. The pricing power of Cultural Relics in China is controlled by overseas institutions and interest groups, and the protection of cultural financial security is insufficient, endangering the national cultural financial security.
Due to the insufficient number, low quality, small number of fine products and insufficient types of cultural relics held by state-owned cultural and museum institutions, it has directly led to the loss of cultural relics pricing power by domestic cultural institutions and cultural relics markets, and the "three truths" of cultural relics - authenticity, confirmation of rights, and confirmation of value system cannot be completed in China, which makes the huge amount of state-owned collection funds every year all used for overseas cultural relics repatriation collection, directly promoting the outflow of cultural relics and the loss of state-owned funds in a legal form.
At the same time, the deteriorating "three truths" system in China has also made the core interests of domestic cultural financial security controlled by foreign countries, endangering the national cultural and financial security.