"Lü Shi Chunqiu" is a miscellaneous masterpiece compiled by Lü Buwei, the chancellor of the Qin Dynasty, in the last year of the Warring States. Divided into twelve ages, eight books, and six treatises, with Taoist thought as the main body, it also adopts the teachings of yin and yang, Confucianism, fame and law, and soldiers and peasants.
"Four days: The ancients are not without treasure, but they are also different from those who are treasured.
Uncle Sun was ill and was about to die, and he admonished his son: "The king has sealed me, and I will not be subject to it." Die for me, and the king will seal the land without benefit. Those who have a hill between Chu and Yue are unfavorable to this place, and their names are very evil. The Thorns fear ghosts, while the Yue people believe in them. But those who have grown, only this is also." When Sun Uncle Ao died, Wang Guo sealed his son with beauty, and the son resigned, please sleep on the hill, so it is still not lost. Sun Shu'ao's knowledge, knowing that he does not take profit as profit, and knowing that he likes what people do is evil, is the reason why this Taoist is different from the world. When the five members died, Jing was anxious to ask for it, and Deng Taixing looked at Zheng Yue: "Gai is a country, the land is dangerous and the people know more, and its lords and lords are also insufficient and moveable." Go to Zheng Erzhi Xu, see Xu Gong and ask what he wants. Xu Gong should not, spit from the southeast. The five members prayed and received the gift: "Know what you know." Because of Wu. Too jing, to the river, want to wade, see a man, stab the boat, the party will fish, so please Yan. When asked about his name, he refused to tell him, and he dissolved his sword to give it to him, saying, "This sword of a thousand gold is also willing to be sacrificed to the man." The ruler refused to accept it: "The law of the Jing kingdom, those who have five members, Jue Zhigui, Lu Wan eaves, and Jin Qianyi." In the past, the Son passed, but I did not take it, so why should I care about the Thousand Golden Sword of the Son now?" The five members are too Wu, so that people can't get it on the river, and every food will be sacrificed, and the blessing is: "The man on the river!" Heaven and earth to the great, to the multitude, will xi not do anything? And nothing. Nothing can be done. The name cannot be heard, the body cannot be seen, and the only one who is on the river is the man?" The savages of the Song Dynasty, who cultivate and obtain jade, who offer the City of Zihan, the Zihan are not subject. The savage asked, "This savage treasure is also blessed by the kingdom." Zi Han said, "The Son takes jade as a treasure, and I take not as a treasure." Therefore, the elders of the Song Dynasty said: "Zihan is not without treasure, but the treasure is different." Now with a hundred gold and a hundred gold to show the son, the son will take the sword; with the bi and the hundred gold of the gong clan to show the contempt, the contempt will take the hundred gold; with the bi of the gong clan, the moral of the word to show the sage, the sage will take the word. He knows the essence of the Mi, he takes the essence, he knows the Miyan, he takes the Mimi. ”
Absolute: crossing; Through.
Gui: Ancient Chinese nobles were used as ceremonial vessels during courtship, sacrifice, and funeral. According to its size, do not be humbled.
Eaves: The same burden, the item picked by the flat shoulder.
鎰 [yì]: An ancient unit of weight, twenty-two or twenty-four two is a ytium.
Tuán shǔ: Refers to kneading rice into balls.
Son: Infant.
Bǐ rén: A contemptible and ignorant person
觕: Same as "coarse".
The ancients were not without treasures, but the treasures in their eyes were different from the treasures in the eyes of today's people.
Sun Shu'ao's admonition to his son before his death reflects this truth.
Who is Sun Shu'ao?
Seeing this name, you may not think of a story about him for a while, but Sun Shu'ao's three words should be very familiar, because in the middle school textbook there is an article "Born in Sorrow and Died of Happiness" It is estimated that many people have recited it:
"Shunfa is in the middle of the mu, Fu said to be lifted between the plates, the rubber mane is held in the fish salt, Guan Yiwu is lifted in the shi, Sun Shu Ao is lifted in the sea, and the Baili Xi is lifted in the city." Therefore, the heavens will send down a great task, so that man will first suffer his heart, strain his bones, starve his body, empty his body, and act in a disorderly manner, so that he will be tempted to endure, and he will benefit from what he cannot. Man perseveres, then he can change, trapped in the heart, weighed in worry, and then done; signs in color, sound in sound, and then metaphor. If you enter, you can't be a home, and if you go out, you are invincible to foreign patients, and the country will die forever, and then you will die in peace and happiness. ”
The Sun Shu'ao mentioned in the text is the protagonist of our story today.
It can also be seen from the above text that Sun Shu'ao was not from a high-ranking official and aristocratic family, according to the "Xunzi Feixiang" record: "Chu's grandson Shu'ao, the contempt of The Expectations" also.
However, Sun Shu'ao was a clean and honest official, and was known for his meritocracy. At that time, the monarch of the Chu state, King Zhuang of Chu, with the assistance of Sun Shu'ao, stood out from the ranks of princes and became one of the five hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period.
In addition to governing the country, Sun Shu'ao was also a water conservancy expert, when the Huai River water disasters were frequent, Sun Shu'ao poured out his family funds, presided over the control of water, built a series of water conservancy projects to benefit the people along the river, such as the first water conservancy project in Chinese history - Què bēi, borrowing the Huai River ancient road to discharge floods, building Pi Pond irrigation nongsang, benefiting the people of the Huai River, although 2600 years have passed, but these water conservancy projects still play a role.
Therefore, under the administration of Sun Shu'ao, the Chu state appeared a heyday of "the family is rich and the people are happy, the good is good and happy, the style order is in the dynasty, the line is free of borers, and the years are prosperous".
Although Yu Guo has meritorious service, is kind to the people, and holds a high position of authority, Sun Shu'ao always has a humble heart, always holds a sense of respect, clean wind and benefits the government, and helps the poor. It is only a heavenly jealous talent, such a sage who has been blessed for eternity and has been blessed for all eternity, and he died of illness at the age of only 38.
Before his death, Sun Shu'ao left a final admonition for his son: "The king of Chu tried to seal my land several times, but I resigned, and I did not accept the reward. If after I die, if the king of Chu wants to reward you with land, do not accept rich cities. Between the Chu and Yue kingdoms there is a place called the Hill of Loneliness, which is barren, sparsely populated, and the place name is also very unlucky. The Chu people were afraid of the ghosts here, and the Yue kingdom also believed that there were ghosts and gods here. Because of this, only this land can be grown for generations. ”
Sure enough, after Sun Shu'ao's death, the King of Chu wanted to give the fertile and prosperous city to his son. But his son obeyed his father's admonition and did not accept these rich places, but asked the king to reward the barren land of the Hill of Loneliness. To this day, Sun Shu'ao's descendants live peacefully on this land, and there has never been a change of war.
Sun Shu'ao's wisdom lies in the fact that the benefits in the eyes of the worldly people are not profits in his opinion; what he likes is what the worldly people hate, which is where the wise people of the Tao differ from the worldly people.
Wu Zixu also has an interesting story in the picture of the escape.
First, let's talk about why this Wu Zixu ran away
Wu Zixu was originally from the Chu state, and his father's name was Wu Hao. After King Chuping ascended the throne, he made 'Jian' the crown prince, and also found two teachers for the prince Jian, of whom Wu Hao was the prince Taifu, and also appointed Fei Wuji, the young prince, although they were all the princes' teachers, but this prince respected Wu Zixu very much, but did not want to see Fei Wuji, so this Fei Wuji resented.
In the seventh year of King Chuping, Fei Wuji falsely accused Crown Prince Jian and Wu Hao of conspiring to launch a rebellion with Qi and Jin as foreign aid. King Chuping believed it to be true, summoned Wu Hao, and questioned him severely. Wu Hao advised King Chu Ping not to kiss xiao chen and neglect his flesh and bones, but King Chu Ping was obstinate, imprisoned Wu Hao, and sent someone to kill Prince Jian, who received the news and fled to the Song Kingdom in advance. So King Chuping ordered Wu Hao and his two sons to be executed, but Wu Zixu reacted quickly and fled. However, Wu Zixu's father and brother were killed, and King Chuping ordered the drawing of shadow graphics to arrest Wu Zixu everywhere.
At that time, on the way to escape, Wu Zixu once climbed the Taihang Mountains to look at Zheng Guo from afar, sighing: "This country, the terrain is dangerous, and the courtiers have many plans, but there is a mediocre monarch, insufficient and conspiratorial." So he left Zheng Guo and came to Xu Guo, where he met Xu Gong and asked which country was worth going to. Xu Gong did not speak, but quenched his spit in the southeast direction. Wu Zixu understood the meaning of Xu Gong's move, so he bowed his head and thanked him: "I know where I am going, thank you for your guidance." So he left zhengguo and went straight to the southeast of Wuguo.
On the way, passing through the Chu kingdom, Wu Zixu came to the river and planned to cross the river. I just saw an old man not far away, holding a small boat, preparing to fish, so he rushed over and asked the old man to cross the river by himself, and the old man happily agreed. After waiting for the river, Wu Zixu asked the old man's honorific surname and name, but the old man laughed and refused to tell him. So Wu Zixu unsheathed the sword around his waist and offered his hands to the old man: "This sword is worth thousands of gold, and I am willing to dedicate it to the old man as a thank you." ”
The old man refused to accept it and said, "According to the king's search and arrest order, as long as you capture Wu Zixu, you can be ranked as the secretary of state, and you can be ranked as a secretary of state, and you can get ten thousand tons of gold." When Wu Zixu passed by here before, I still hadn't sent him to the official palace in exchange for this glory and wealth, but now what do I want you to do with this sword worth thousands of gold? ”
Later, Wu Zixu finally arrived in the Kingdom of Wu, but his heart still remembered this old man, so he sent people to the river many times to look for it, but he never found it again. In order to repay the old man's saving grace, he paid homage to the old man before each meal and prayed, "The virtue of the old man on the river is like the virtue of heaven and earth." There is nothing that heaven and earth cannot do, and although heaven and earth have biochemical all things, they have nothing to gain, and they do not covet the merits of procreation of all things at all. That old man crossed the river when I was most in danger, but he did not covet the return, and now I don't even know the name of the old man, and the figure of the old man is even more untraceable. ”
There is also a story of the Song Dynasty's Zihan not being affected by jade
The farmer in the countryside of the Song Kingdom, when he was cultivating the land, accidentally got a piece of jade, so he first gave Sikong Zihan, and Zihan did not accept it. The farmer offered it again and again: "This piece of jade can be a treasure for the old farmer, I hope that Xiangguo can sympathize with the filial piety of the small people, and accept it." Zihan said, "You regard this piece of jade as a treasure, but I regard the character of not coveting others as my own treasure." Therefore, Song Guode's highly respected people commented: "Zihan is not without treasures, but the things he cherishes are different from those of the world."
For example, today with 100 gold and rice balls for a baby waiting to be fed, the baby will definitely choose the rice ball. If you take the Heshi Bi and the hundred and two gold and let a shallow and ignorant person choose, then this person will definitely choose the hundred and two gold. If a sage were to choose between heshibi and zhizhi, then the sage would definitely choose the wise. That is to say, the deeper the wisdom of man, the more profound he wants. Conversely, the more crude a person is, the more coarse the thing he covets.
Sun Shu'ao is well aware of the principle of blessing and misfortune depending on each other.
In the Liezi Shuofu, there is a dialogue between Sun Shu'ao and the hermit Fox Qiu Zhangren:
The Fox Hill Zhangren said of Uncle Sun Ao: "People have three grievances, do they know what the son knows?" Uncle Sun said, "What is it?" "The high-ranking one is jealous, the official is evil, and the one who is generous is resentful." Uncle Sun Ao said: "My lord is high, my ambition is good; my official is big, my heart is small; my lu is thick, and my shi is good." Is it free from three grievances, huh? ”
To the effect, the Fox Hill Zhangren reminded Sun Shu'ao that if a person is high, official, and generous, it will cause resentment and jealousy than others, while Sun Shu'ao said that the more powerful he is, the more modest and cautious he should be and benefit others.
Gain does not mean necessarily good, and loss does not mean necessarily bad.
Have you ever encountered a similar situation in your life, please feel free to discuss it in the comments section.
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