Yang Yang China, the history is long,
And the museum
It is to collect various historical periods
A treasure trove of heritage treasures.
People's Daily Cultural and Creative Special Launched the "Collection of National Treasures" column,
Take you to admire the treasures of the major museums!
This issue explores,
It is a shandong museum with rich collections and exquisite collections!
Shandong Museum
The treasure of the top ten town halls of Shandong Museum
Red pottery beast-shaped vessel (Dawenkou culture)
Era: Neolithic
Specifications: height 21.8 cm, length 22.3 cm, body width 14.5 cm, foot height 7.9-8.4 cm
Excavation date: 1959
Place of origin: Tai'an, Shandong Dawenkou site
Terracotta beast-shaped vessels, wine vessels. Sand red pottery, polished throughout, round face shrugging ears, red pottery coat all over, glossy and shiny. Arch nose, open mouth, drum belly, four feet, short tail upturned, ear piercing holes, back mounted curved handle, tail root a barrel of water injection, can be water, mouth can be water, body fat, belly bulging increased volume, four-legged erection for heating, vivid and beautiful shape, similar to pig or dog shape.
The opening angle of the mouth of the "red pottery animal-shaped pot" and the setting of the back handle have gone beyond the imitation of the specific image of the animal and presented a kind of practical creation. The organization of the dots and lines on the pottery is harmonious; the image of the round face, shrugging ears and arched nose not only highlights the fatness of the body but also pays full attention to the proportions of each part, which contains the superb pottery level, simple and innocent aesthetic taste and ingenious artistic conception of the ancestors of Dawenkou.
Eggshell black pottery cup (Longshan culture)
Specifications: caliber 12 cm, inner diameter 4.9 cm, height 16.9 cm, handle height 13.2 cm
Excavation date: 1960
Excavation site: Yaoguanzhuang site in Weifang, Shandong
Eggshell black pottery cup, wine vessel. Clay black pottery, dark and shiny, ingenious combination of cups, cups such as straw hats, wide rims, deep abdomen, bamboo stripes slender handle, cup set into the handle. Eggshell pottery cup wall is as thin as eggshell, extremely light and thin, made of fast wheel, the shape of the vessel is more regular and symmetrical, the production difficulty is extremely high, is a representative work of Longshan culture pottery, reflecting the highest level of Neolithic pottery production.
Eggshell black pottery cup was only unearthed in a small number of large and medium-sized tombs, which also shows that it was a very noble article at that time, and very popular to enjoy, it can be said that the emergence of eggshell black pottery cup, marking the society bid farewell to the original obscurantism, set off the dawn of civilization.
Oracle
Era: Late Shang Dynasty
The number of collections: Shandong Museum has a total of 5425 pieces of oracle bones, 4 pieces of special grades, and more than 1000 pieces of first-class products
The oracle bone is a text engraved on the tortoise shell or animal bone, recording the content of royal divination in the late Shang Dynasty. One of the oracle bones in the Shandong Museum collection has the word "ghost", "ghost" is the ghost side (Xiongnu), it is said that the "ghost side" oracle bone is only three pieces in the country, only one piece in the mainland, and the other two pieces in Taiwan. One piece of oracle bone has the word "鎷" on it. The word "gold" is very rare in oracle bones, and this piece is the only oracle bone with a word next to gold in the Oracle Collection. The other piece has a "rainbow" character on the front, the two arcs on the top of this word should be the dragon's body, and the lower end should be the dragon's head, as the second dragon absorbs water, the ancients believe that the dragon absorbs water, that is, the sky. Mr. Guo Moruo believes that the bone inscription "Gaidai Ceremony Xi Shang Ru ye", which has not been seen before and after, is extremely rare.
Subhydroxyfus (quotient)
Era: Shang Dynasty
Dimensions: Length 32.5 cm, width 34.5 cm
Excavation date: 1965
Excavation site: Qingzhou Subu Tun No. 1 Commercial Tomb
Yasutum, Shang Dynasty, Fang Nei, double wear, two shoulders with edges, the body is carved with human face patterns, the facial features are slightly prominent, the eyes are round, the corners of the mouth are raised, and the teeth like the city wall are exposed in the mouth, which is very majestic. Because the two sides of its mouth are symmetrically inscribed with the word "Ya ugly", it is named "Ya Ugly", which is a precious legacy of the ancient civilization of the Bogu clan. It is a treasure in bronze and a national first-class cultural relic.
Regarding the origin site of the sub-ullus, there were many opinions, and the discovery of the sub-ugly molybdenum made the excavation site of the sub-ugly tool gradually clear and was basically determined in the Qingzhou area, which is a precious legacy of the ancient civilization of the Bogu clan.
Song Gui (Weekly)
Era: Late Western Zhou Dynasty
Utensils: Height 30.1 cm, caliber 24.2 cm
Excavation time: early Qing Dynasty
Ode, food container. It was made in the late Western Zhou Dynasty and was used as a time vessel for King Xuan of Zhou. Rump, with a circle-shaped handle at the top, a round belly, a circle foot, and a hanging under the circle foot. The upper and lower edges of the mouth are decorated with a stolen pattern, the upper part of the abdomen and lid are decorated with tiles, and the ring feet are decorated with hanging scales. The body and cover of the song are cast with inscriptions, the cover inscription is the same, for the inscription, are 15 lines and 150 words, and the two words are repeated, recording the process of "Ode" being ordained by the Son of Heaven. With its solemn shape, exquisite casting, magnificent ornamentation and beautiful inscriptions, it is a rare bronze treasure and a national first-class collection.
In addition to the hymns, the heirlooms include mantras, pots, and plates. The group of odes has been passed down to this day, which is invaluable.
Lu Guo Da Yu Bi (Warring States)
Era: Warring States Period
Utensils: outer diameter 32.8 cm, aperture 11.6 cm, thickness 0.6 cm
Excavation date: 1977
Place of origin: Tomb No. 52 of Group B of the Ancient City of QufuLuguo, Shandong
Lu Guoda jade bi, jade is blue and turquoise, jade crystal warm, translucent, greasy luster. The inner and outer edges of the flesh of Yubi have a contour, and the two sides of the flesh are decorated with the same ornament, and two sets of slightly raised cord patterns are divided into three layers of inner, middle and outer ornaments. The inner and outer layers are yin line engravings, the middle is a diagonal cross arrangement of pu patterns as the ground, during which the bas-relief decoration is evenly arranged grain pattern; the inner layer is a combined double body dragon pattern, which is separated into three groups by three silk cord patterns; the outer layer is a five-combination double body dragon pattern, each group of dragon tails intersect in two pairs, the pattern layout is tight and symmetrical, exquisite, smooth lines, skilled craftsmanship, belongs to the fine works of the Warring States jade bi, and is also the largest piece of the Warring States jade bi.
"Sun Tzu's Art of War" "Sun Zhen's Art of War" Bamboo Jane
Era: Western Han Dynasty
Utensil specifications: divided into three types: long and simple, short and simple, and wooden
Excavation date: 1972
Place of origin: Yinqueshan Han Tomb
The Art of War of Sun Tzu and the Art of War of Sun Zhen were excavated in 1972 at the Han Tomb of Yinqueshan Mountain.
A total of 4942 bamboo janes were sorted out in Tomb No. 1, and a small number of wooden janes were found; Tomb No. 2 sorted out 32 bamboo Janes. The Yinqueshan Han Tomb Brief includes four types of books, the first is the Book of Soldiers, the second type is the Book of Political Discussion of soldiers, the third type is the Book of Mathematics, and the rest are classified into other categories. Among them, the number of military books is the largest, but also the most important, especially the "Art of War of Sun Tzu" and the "Art of War of Sun Yuan" that have been lost for nearly two thousand years were excavated in the same tomb, ending the ancient controversy about Sun Tzu and his books, which is of great significance.
Dongping Han Tomb Mural (Han)
Era: Late Western Han Dynasty to Early Eastern Han Dynasty
Number of tombs: 18 in total
Discovery: 2007
Location of discovery: Dongping Old Material Bureau
The murals of the Dongping Han Tomb are colorful, distinctive, and rich in content, including red sun, three-legged wu, drinking pictures, music and dance acrobatics, and Fang Xiang's exorcism ceremony. It is the earliest, best-preserved, richest and highest artistic level of Han Dynasty murals found in Shandong so far, filling the gap of Han Dynasty mural tombs in Shandong, and has high research value for the Han Dynasty funerary system, folk life customs, and the history of Chinese painting.
The content of the Dongping murals is very rich, including storytelling, ritual records, folk entertainment scenes, etc. An artistic feature of dongping murals is that the cloud pattern is undulating, the outline atmosphere is arbitrary, the pen is smooth, and it is completed in one go, which provides an important reference model for the development of the cloud pattern in later generations. Mural painting uses superb line-using techniques in figure painting, such as the mixed use of line drawing techniques such as high ancient gossamer drawing. Dongping murals also have unique features in color rendering, various complex colors, heavy quality and strong coverage, so far gorgeous as new, clear colors.
Nine Crowns (Ming)
Era: Early Ming Dynasty
Dimensions: Height 18 cm, length 49.4 cm, width 30 cm
Excavation date: 1970
Place of origin: Tomb of Zhu Tan, King of Luhuang
The nine crowns, woven from rattan, are covered with silk black lacquer, inlaid with gold rings and gold edges; the sides of the crown are worn with plum blossom gold, and a gold hairpin is penetrated. The top of the crown has a "green plate", the front of the board is rounded and the back, and the top of the plate is coated with black paint to show solemnity. The front and back of the plate are hanging down, and there are 9 vertical threads before and after. There are 9 jade beads in red, white, blue, yellow and black, sharing 162 beads, and there are jade hengs under the plate, which are connected to the grooves on both sides of the crown; there are holes at both ends of the balance, and the two sides hang the silk ropes until the ears, and the two silk ropes are black colored, called "Xuan Xuan". A piece of jade is tied around the ear of the silk rope, and the material is topaz. Two pieces of jade that sag to the left and right of the crown, the so-called "ear filling".
This piece of jiuxue crown can accurately reflect the original appearance of the crown used by the prince in the early Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, and can restore the crown used by the emperor and the prince accordingly, which is an important evidence for the study of the ritual system in the early Ming Dynasty. Its production process also reflects the level of handicraft production technology at that time, and is a well-deserved national treasure.
Zheng Xie Shuangsong chart axis (Qing)
Created in: Qianlong Twenty-three Years (1759)
About author:Zheng Xie (1693-1765 AD), a famous painter and calligrapher in the Qing Dynasty. Zi Kerou, no. Banqiao, Qianlong Yuannian (1736) Jinshi, one of the "Eight Monsters of Yangzhou", known for painting orchids, bamboo and stones.
Specifications: 201 cm in length and 101 cm in width
"Double Pine Diagram Axis", one of the representative works of the famous Painter Zheng Xie of the Qing Dynasty, was entered into the Shandong Provincial Museum in 1954. This painting is inked on paper and is a work given by the author to his friend Su Weng. In the painting, the double pine is vigorous and straight, thin and lonely, the ink color is watery, and the thickness is light. In the composition, pine, bamboo, orchid, stone and inscription poems are staggered and clear, reflecting each other, and the slenderness of bamboo sets off the sky of pine. In terms of meaning, the two pine trees standing tall symbolize the character of Su Weng Gao.
Producer: People's Daily Cultural creation Editor: Yuan Ziming
The picture comes from the official website of Shandong Museum and the photo network