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In 1932, the uncle of the state, Song Ziwen, became the minister of finance, and in view of the fact that the gun was everything in the chaotic world of the Republic of China, Song Ziwen deeply felt that the Song family only relied on the identity of the comprador bourgeoisie of the Republic of China and the United States as a contact, and it was difficult to ensure the long-term wealth of the Song family in the Republic of China.
Origin of the Tax Police Corps
Song Ziwen found that the salt tax used by the Republic of China to mortgage the loans of the eight-country bank group would have a large surplus every year, so he used his position as finance minister to intercept these funds. Song Ziwen, who had money, immediately under the banner of establishing a tax police force to collect taxes against smuggling, began to carefully build his own private armed forces with the remaining salt tax balance.
Although Song Ziwen established the Tax Police Force as a selfish act, the Tax Police Force made a lot of contributions to the cause of the nation's War of Resistance. This can also be regarded as Song Caishen's unintentional insertion of willows.
The established Tax Police Corps is called the Tax Police Corps, which has 5 regiments under its jurisdiction and a regimental headquarters directly subordinate to the regimental headquarters at the regimental level. Originally, Old Jiang did not trust his brother-in-law, thinking that he had just established a family group to take care of the Song family's nursing home. However, after his subordinates reported to him the number and equipment list of the tax police corps, he was not calm.
At that time, the Republic of China army had a full regiment of about 2500 people, and the Japanese regimental unit company of about 3300 people was already very large, but this tax police regiment actually had more than 5,000 personnel per regiment! The entire Tax Police Corps has more than 30,000 troops! This is six regiments, this is basically six brigades!
Don't look at the old Chiang Kai-shek at that time as the so-called leader of the whole country, in fact, the number of troops under him who really listened to his mobilization was less than 300,000! What made old Jiang Wo even more angry was that the Tax police corps had a large number of people, and it was also well-equipped than any unit in The country!
The minister of finance is cool, the tax police corps is equipped with a genuine Mauser rifle, a Belgian FN1924/30 rifle, using the world's advanced level of water-cooled heavy machine guns, Song Ziwen also intimately equipped the tax police corps with Carden Loyd MkVI ultra-light tank (equipped with a 12.7mm water-cooled heavy machine gun)!
Before the formation of the army stationed in India in 1944, only Soviet weapons were equipped on the land of China, and the Fifth Army, the first mechanized army of the Republic of China, could be compared.
Why did the Fifth Taxation Police Regiment enter Qingdao?
The most well-known figure of the Taxation Police Corps is Sun Liren, the head of the Fourth Taxation Police Regiment, but the protagonist of this article is Qiu Zhiji, the leader of the Fifth Taxation Police Regiment.
As we all know, the May Fourth Movement was launched to reclaim Qingdao's sovereignty, but what is unknown is that the Qingdao Chinese government only recovered nominal sovereignty. In fact, the local Japanese influence in Qingdao has always been very strong, and successive Chinese governments have failed to achieve a large number of troops stationed in Qingdao, while the Japanese Navy's Marine Corps has always been stationed in Qingdao, which is stronger than the Chinese garrison for a long time, both in equipment and in number.
In order to be able to control Qingdao, the Japanese government also immigrated a large number of so-called ronin and rural soldiers (Japanese soldiers transferred to reserve) to Qingdao. Whether in the 128, 918, 77 Incident, and the Battle of Songhu, these personnel were quickly absorbed by the local Japanese troops and turned into combatants, and they were the reserve soldiers prepared by Japan for launching an aggressive operation in the local area.
Until 1936, the local regular armed forces of the Republic of China stationed in Qingdao had only a small number of marines and some small ships of the Northeast Army Navy, and only some local vigilante groups and police. Due to the weakness of the Republic of China garrison, this made the Japanese ronin and overseas Chinese who provoked the incident have no fear. With a large number of people, the Japanese walked sideways in Qingdao. The Japanese ronin and expatriates made a small disturbance in three days and a big disturbance in five days, stirring up Qingdao into a miasma of smoke.
Shen Honglie, the commander of the Qingdao garrison and the commander of the Northeast Army Navy, who was confused by the Japanese, had to ask the Nanjing government for help because of his disagreement with the warlord Han Fuyu, who controlled Shandong, in order to keep his territory from being involved by Han Fuyu.
However, after receiving shen Honglie's request for help after the Xi'an incident, he surrendered to himself, but it made it difficult for Chiang Kai-shek, who was blindly appeased and yielding to Japan, because the Japanese government strongly opposed the regular army of the Republic of China to enter Qingdao. Just when the old Chiang was in a dilemma, Song Ziwen, as the minister of finance, stepped forward at this time and proposed to send his own tax police regiment to Qingdao.
Song Ziwen is so righteous, of course, he also has his own little nine-nine. The Minister of Finance of the Republic of China is honest, and no one will be able to do it well. The Republic of China originally withered economically because of the civil war, coupled with the fact that the dignitaries and nobles were enriched one by one and embezzled all kinds of taxes, and warlords in various places also withheld taxes and refused to hand them over to the central authorities. Therefore, the ministers of finance of the Republic of China have all become borrowing ministers, bargaining with foreign banks every day about the interest on loans, like a wet market mother.
Qingdao was an important foreign port in China at that time, and its annual tariff amount was very considerable. However, the local customs were controlled by the Japanese, which made the customs ineffective, and the customs duties could not be collected at all. At that time, the port of Qingdao also became a distribution center for Japanese ronin people, who sold new drugs such as heroin from Japan to China.
At that time, the collection of opium trafficking (commercial tax) was one of the most important taxes in the Republic of China, and the port of Qingdao was controlled by the Japanese not only making it impossible to collect tariffs, but also smuggling a large number of new drugs such as heroin into the Republic of China, which also seriously affected the sale of opium and caused serious losses to the Republic of China.
The recovery of Qingdao Port can both open source (levy tariffs) and reduce expenditure (to avoid the loss of gold caused by the decline in opium sales). With such a great benefit, song Ziwen, who is naturally the minister of finance of the Republic of China, is particularly attentive to Qingdao.
Chiang Kai-shek was also happy to throw out the hot potato in Qingdao, so he agreed to Song Ziwen's suggestion. Song Ziwen assigned this task to the Fifth Regiment of the Taxation Police, and in 1936, Qiu Zhiji led more than 2,000 people of the Fifth Regiment of the Taxation Police into Qingdao and controlled the local customs power.
Yau's battle with the Japanese in Qingdao and the achievements of the Five Tax police regiments
The Japanese began to hear that the tax police corps affiliated with the Ministry of Finance had arrived and did not care, but they were shocked when they saw the team with their own eyes. They did not expect that the so-called tax police were actually a more well-equipped unit than the Central Army of the Republic of China. After passing the assessment, Japan realized that its Marine Corps in Qingdao was not a rival to the Fifth Tax Police Regiment.
Mu Xiu will be destroyed by the forest wind.
The Fifth Regiment of the Taxation Police naturally became a thorn in the eyes of the Japanese in Qingdao, and in order to force the Fifth Regiment of the Taxation Police to withdraw from Qingdao, the Japanese government also tore off its disguise and personally went into battle. Japanese envoys in Nanjing constantly "protested" to the Government of the Republic of China, demanding that the Government of the Republic of China withdraw the Five Regiments of the Taxation Police; while the personnel of the local Japanese Consulate in Qingdao continued to use various pretexts to find fault in the doors of the Five Regiments of the Taxation Police at every three forks and five places.
In the face of the continuous provocations of the Japanese, the head of the Fifth TaxAtion Police Regiment, Oka Nori, responded very appropriately. He insisted to the Japanese consulate officers who were looking for stubble that the tax police corps was not an army, so that they could not grasp any control. At the same time, he also restrained his subordinates, ordering that when leaving the barracks, the members of the tax police corps must all wear civilian clothes, try to avoid conflicts with the Japanese, and do not give the Japanese the opportunity to provoke trouble with the tax police corps.
The stationing of the five regiments of the tax police has forced the local Japanese ronin and overseas Chinese in Qingdao to restrain somewhat, and Qingdao has entered a relatively calm period. The Chinese government was able to regain control of Qingdao customs revenues, and the amount of new drugs flowing from Japan was greatly curbed, and there is no doubt that the tax police corps's recovery of Qingdao customs is a great achievement for the nation.
However, beneath the illusion of qingdao's apparent calm, a more violent storm is being nurtured.
Japan's plot
On April 16, 1937, the Japanese government issued a new "North China Guidelines": no longer carry out activities related to the partition of North China.
Prior to this, Japan had been trying to instigate the independence of warlords in Northern China, such as Song Zheyuan of Chahar, Han Fuqu in Jinan, Yan Xishan in Shanxi, and Shang Zhen in Hebei. However, because the effect was not ideal, the Japanese high-level, who had run out of patience, finally ordered the determination not to play this kind of bit-and-piece encroachment, and to roll up their sleeves and directly take the whale swallow!
But where to start?
Japan quickly set its sights on Aoshima.
Landing in Qingdao and moving west to occupy Luyu was undoubtedly more suitable for Japan's target of aggression at that time than pushing south and west from Pingjin all the way to the west, occupying China's north China.
Qingdao was about the same distance from the northeast occupied by the Japanese army and the Korean Peninsula, which made it easier for Japan, which had absolute naval superiority over the Republic of China, to land. Moreover, in 1914, under the banner of attacking the German army in Qingdao, the Japanese took the opportunity to occupy the Jiaoji Railway, which allowed the Japanese troops landing in Qingdao to go straight to Jinan, quickly control the whole province of Shandong, and cut off the Jinpu Railway connecting the north and south of China.
The Japanese army that occupied Shandong advanced westward into the Henan Great Plain of Yima Pingchuan, and it was not yet ready to capture Henan Province, which was on each side of the warlords. Once the two provinces of Luyu were occupied, the Japanese army could block the support of the central army in the south and cut off the retreat routes of the warlords in northern China. Once such a strategic posture is formed, it will undoubtedly be very beneficial to Japan, and the warlords at both ends of the north china will themselves be alienated from the central authorities of the Republic of China, and Japan can force them to surrender and determine north China without a war.
After the Japanese government determined that the location for provoking the incident was Qingdao, the biggest obstacle to the implementation of the local Japanese army's plan was undoubtedly the well-equipped Fifth Tax Police Regiment.
Therefore, the Japanese government instructed the ronin and overseas Chinese in Qingdao to intensify their efforts to provoke incidents in Qingdao. This time, the Japanese government even reached a consensus that whether or not the Republic of China evacuated the five tax police regiments from Qingdao, Japan would create trouble in Qingdao and find an excuse for attacking Qingdao.
The ultimate showdown between the two sides
In order to achieve this goal, on June 1, 1937, Japanese diplomats in Northern China gathered in Qingdao for a meeting. Their meeting had only one topic, how to force the Fifth Tax Police Regiment to leave Qingdao. In the end, they agreed that even if the Five Tax Police Regiments refused to leave Qingdao, Japan would unilaterally escalate the situation (start a war)!
Early in the morning of June 2, 1937, under the leadership of Shojiro Ōtaka, Japanese Consul General in Qingdao, Qingdao Vice Consul Dominghui, Jinan Consul General Arino Gaku, Beiping Embassy Chargé d'affaires Nobujiro Kato, Tianjin Consul General Tanaigancheng and ten other people violently broke into the Five Regiments of the Taxation Police regiment in Qingdao.
The arrogant Group of Japanese diplomats pressed Qiu Zhiji to ask a series of questions:
Will the strength of the Five TaxAtion Police Regiments in Jiao'ao District increase?
Will the Five Tax Police Regiments enter Qingdao City?
Was the Fifth Taxation Police Regiment subordinate to Huang Jie, commander of the Second Division of the Nationalist Army, or was it the Ministry of Finance?
......
In the face of Chinese soil, in the Chinese military camp, a Japanese diplomat who held himself as a judge from on high, as if qiu Zhiji, who was being interrogated, had a lot of fire in his heart.
However, Qiu Zhiji still suppressed the anger and calmly responded, and he clearly informed the Japanese personnel that the Chinese side had no intention of increasing troops, which made Japan have no excuse to increase troops to Qingdao.
Qiu Zhiji also made a cliché, stressing that his team was an anti-smuggling team subordinate to the Ministry of Finance by the tax police, and that they were stationed in Qingdao because they were ordered by the Ministry of Finance to guard the two salt works in Jiao'ao and Jinkou. In addition, it is also responsible for patrolling the coast of Qingdao, so there is no need to enter the city.
Qiu Zhiji's side replied that the Japanese side could not use the excuse that the five regiments of the tax police were an army and demanded that the five regiments of the tax police withdraw from Qingdao City, and also did not have a reason for the Japanese side to mobilize troops into the urban area of Qingdao city to provoke an incident.
After more than two hours of confrontation, in the end, these Japanese diplomats could not find any flaws in Yau's answers, and had to return home in sorrow.
Why did Japan abandon war in Qingdao?
After this Clash of Skyscraper Ridge, the Japanese side, after assessment, gave up its intention to provoke war in Qingdao.
We've all learned the story of The Wolf and the Lamb, where the angry wolf swallows the sheep in one bite after a series of excuses that they can't stand.
Of course, this evil wolf of Japan will not give up provoking a war in Qingdao because it cannot find an excuse. Big deal, learning from Huang Gutun to blow up a section of Jiaoji Railway is not enough. Therefore, the main reason for forcing Japan to give up provoking trouble in Qingdao is because the five regiments of the tax police are well-equipped and well-trained, far surpassing the Japanese Marine Corps stationed in Qingdao in terms of combat effectiveness, which makes Japan very jealous and has to give up.
Later developments also show that this evil wolf in Japan is also bullying the soft and afraid of the hard.
In 1937, the ratio of the strength of the Japanese army in the Pingjin area and Song Zheyuan's 29th Army was even greater than that of the Japanese Marine Corps in Qingdao and the Fifth Regiment of the Tax Police, but the Japanese dared to shell Wanping City to provoke a war.
After the Battle of Songhu began in August 1937, the Five Regiments of the Taxation Police secretly entered the downtown area of Qingdao to build fortifications to prevent a possible attack by the Japanese garrison in Qingdao. When the Japanese army discovered that the Fifth Tax Police Regiment had entered the city, the Japanese Marines stationed in Qingdao actually boarded a ship overnight and fled.
If the Fifth Regiment of the Taxation Police had taken the initiative to attack the Japanese Marines in Qingdao, it would have been a grand event in the annals of history.
Because the Japanese army failed to create a war in Qingdao, this made Japan's original encirclement war that detoured the two provinces of Yulu and Lu and forced the warlords of North China to surrender, and finally turned into a front-line flat-pushing rout. As a result, when Japan fought in North China, although it formulated many plans to annihilate the main force of the National Army in front of it, it was never realized in the face of the National Army that smeared oil on the soles of its feet.
Chief Yau Noki sacrificed his life for the country
The codeword here should also point out that Yau Zhiji successfully prevented the Japanese from creating a war in Qingdao, but did not win much respite for China, and the July 7 Incident occurred a month later.
Chiang Kai-shek originally wanted to sell north China in exchange for a Japanese armistice, but he also knew that by directly seeking peace, the Japanese would only gain inches. Therefore, he hoped that before making peace with the Japanese aggressors, he would be able to establish a threat in front of the Japanese and win a more favorable negotiating position for himself.
Therefore, he ordered the Central Army to cut off the Jiangyin waterway, annihilate the Japanese inland fleet in the Yangtze River waterway, and then launch an attack on the Japanese garrison in Hongkou, Shanghai, annihilating the Japanese garrison in Shanghai. He hoped to remove the Japanese position on the southeast coast, not only to avoid the impact of war in the five southeastern provinces in the core area of his rule, but also to show the Japanese that they had the strength of a war and to pull the Japanese to the negotiating table.
However, what is speechless is that due to the unfavorable secrecy of the Nationalist army, the Japanese army's inland fleet on the Yangtze River was informed in advance and all rushed to the surface of Shanghai to assemble. It was precisely because of the guns of these warships that more than a thousand Japanese marines in Hongkou withstood the attack of the German mechanic division of the Nationalist army, which was twenty times larger than itself, assisted in the battle by aircraft cannons and tanks.
Finally, the attack on Hongkou, the first active offensive operation in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, became a general battle in which china and Japan were constantly adding fuel - the Battle of Songhu. Some so-called scholars fabricated merits for Chiang Kai-shek, saying that the Battle of Songhu was his deliberate attempt to lead the Japanese army to divide the army into the south. Using his own financial resources to attract the Japanese army, Chiang Kai-shek really wants to be canonized.
Seeing that the Japanese army was increasingly threatening the five southeastern provinces at the core of his rule, Chiang Kai-shek, who was reluctant to take Shanghai as his heart, had to throw more and more central troops into the furnace of the Songhu battlefield.
Therefore, the Fifth Regiment of tax police was also transferred from Qingdao to the south to participate in the Battle of Songhu.
On November 2, 1937, Qiu Zhiji, the commander of the regiment who led his troops to participate in the Battle of Songhu, personally commanded the troops to attack the Japanese army at Liu Jiazhai in Shanghai, and was unfortunately killed by stray bullets at the age of 35, and was posthumously promoted to major general.
On December 11, 1991, the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China posthumously recognized General Yau Zhiji as a revolutionary martyr.
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