When we talk about grain production today, the fertile black soil of the northeast is a place that can never be avoided. Most of our national grain production today depends on the northeast region, and the reputation of the northeast granary is also well-known.
However, if we look at history, we can find that the fertile land in the northeast was not developed in a large area until the end of the Qing Dynasty, and it was not until after the founding of New China that the northeast really became the grain production base of Chinese.
Why did the inland farming Han people, who were good at farming in ancient times, delay in opening up the northeast?
At present, the most common answer to this question is the climate problem, which means that the land outside the Great Wall is not suitable for farming. But if we look at the vast arable land in the northeast today, we can see that climate is not the decisive reason.
And if we read the history carefully, we can see that the climate in the ancient Han and Tang Dynasties was much warmer and wetter than it is today, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at that time could feed tens of millions of people, and the climate in the northeast region at that time would only be better.
So what is the reason that has prevented the development of arable land in the northeast?
If we are familiar with Chinese history, we can find that the farming peoples in the Central Plains until the Tang Dynasty, the main scope of cultivated land was still concentrated in the Yellow River Basin. The economic and political center at that time was in the Luoyang area in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.
#农业 #
Therefore, the turning point occurred in the Song Dynasty, with the increase of population, coupled with the Central Plains became a place of contention between soldiers and families, the population of the Central Plains spread around, and the development of cultivated land outside the Central Plains became a must.
Among them, the most famous is the development of the Jiangnan region, and it is precisely because of the development of the Taihu Lake Basin that there is a subsequent Suzhou-Hangzhou paradise on earth.
In fact, at that time, in addition to the southern development of the Song Dynasty, the same trend of agricultural development appeared in the north, the most famous of which was the "Breaking into the Guandong" of the Jin Dynasty.
Speaking of breaking into the Kanto Region, the first thing that comes to mind is the history of northeast development at the end of the Qing Dynasty, in fact, as early as the Song and Jin Dynasties, the northern Golden Kingdom began the agricultural development of the northeast region.
According to the statistics of the Heilongjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology today, the ruins of the farming cities in the northeast of the Jinguo that have been examined so far, only the northernmost Heilongjiang Province has more than 40 cities.
Therefore, we can know that the reason why the later Jin Liao was able to confront the two Song Dynasties for hundreds of years was precisely because of the developed agricultural economic strength.
#宋朝 #
Compared with the southern region, which has now become the center of China's economy, why did the northeast economy not develop later?
This not only made it difficult for the northeastern peoples to go south, but also made it difficult for the Central Plains Dynasty to go north. It can be seen that the powerful Sui Dynasty attacked Goguryeo and led to its demise.
In addition to the inconvenience of transportation, the vast terrain of the northeast is connected to the Mongolian plateau, which makes the farming peoples who enter the northeast almost no danger when facing the attacks of the northern steppe peoples. This was also the time of the Ming Dynasty, and it could only control a small part of western Liaoning.
The special geography of the northeast often suffers from war, which is why few people remember the "invasion of the Kwantung" in the Song and Jin dynasties, and a large number of developed cities were annihilated under the cavalry of the Mongolian plateau behind.
Nowadays, with the strength of the new China and the fact that the northeast has obtained sufficient security guarantees, the fertile land has been redeveloped, and it has become the northern granary that is currently Chinese.
#东北 #