Many people wonder, how can cancer be said to be obtained?
In fact, cancer does not appear at once, it is a slow, gradual process, generally will go through the "precancerous disease, precancerous state" this is going to deteriorate the process; if at this stage to a sharp brake, then cancer can be avoided.
Precancerous lesions are controllable or even reversible
Precancerous lesions are actually a pathological diagnosis, it is a two-way link, may develop in a bad direction, may also return to normal state.
In other words, precancerous lesions are a controllable or even reversible state.
From the precancerous stage to the cancer, it usually takes years or even decades or so. We have enough time to find it and dispose of it; so, when our body has precancerous lesions, if we know how to "brake" intervention in time, we can avoid the occurrence of cancer, and this is also the last line of defense for cancer!
Remember! 8 common precancerous lesions
1. Chronic atrophic gastritis stomach cancer
There is a rough process in the development of gastric cancer: normal gastric mucosa chronic superficial gastritis Chronic atrophic gastritis intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia gastric cancer
Chronic atrophic gastritis may be a precancerous lesion or precancerous state, and the risk of cancer is relatively increased; when the gastric mucosa has atypical hyperplasia of the epithelium and intestinal metaplasia (the gastric mucosa is replaced by the intestinal mucosa), it may be a manifestation of precancerous lesions.
Clinical symptoms of chronic atrophic gastritis: mostly epigastric pain, bloating, abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite, etc.
Chronic atrophic gastritis can be confirmed by gastroscopy and mucosal biopsy, and is usually not cancerous as long as it receives timely and regular treatment in the chronic phase.
Intervention methods
1. Examination: It is recommended to check the gastroscopy every 3 years for superficial gastritis, and the gastroscope for chronic atrophic gastritis every 1 to 2 years, and actively treat it. Detection of Helicobacter pylori and standardized anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy as appropriate.
2. Smoking and alcohol cessation: the severity of atrophic gastritis is positively correlated with smoking and drinking.
3, regular diet: diet should be chewed slowly, eat less pickled food, do not overeat, do not eat spicy moldy food.
2. Adenomatous intestinal polyposis and intestinal cancer
There are many types of intestinal polyps, among which adenomatous polyps are recognized as precancerous lesions, especially those larger than 2 cm in diameter, with a higher chance of becoming cancerous.
It is reported that more than 95% of colon cancer comes from colon adenomas, generally from polyps to cancerous, with an average of 5 to 15 years. At this stage, polyp removal through colonoscopy can greatly reduce the occurrence of bowel cancer.
1. Examination: Colonoscopy is carried out every 5 years for over 50 years, and a digital examination is carried out once a year to find polyps according to the situation.
2, quit smoking and alcohol: a lot of alcohol, smoking, genetic mutations, the incidence of intestinal polyps will also increase.
3, eat less: high animal protein, high fat food, reduce the consumption of refined grains, reduce pickled, smoked foods.
4, eat more: one pound of vegetables and half a pound of fruit every day, and replace one-third of the fine grains with grains and coarse grains, such as beans, sweet potatoes, millet, sorghum, corn, etc.
5, "33" exercise: more than 3 times a week exercise, each exercise for more than 30 minutes, help to promote the health of the immune system, reduce intestinal inflammation, cancer risk will naturally be greatly reduced.
3. Lung nodules: atypical adenomatous proliferation of lung cancer
China is currently the largest country with lung cancer. Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia in lung nodules is a precancerous lesion. Among them, the larger the nodule, the greater the likelihood of malignancy.
According to the clinical observation of isolated nodules in the lungs in thousands of cases, the diameter of the lung nodules is less than 0.5 cm, and the possibility of malignancy is very small, about 1%, about 1%, when 0.5 to 1 cm, the probability of malignancy is 6% to 28%,; and the probability of malignancy of lung nodules with a diameter of > 2 cm is 64% to 82%; Lung nodules >3 cm in diameter are malignant in 90% to 95%.
1. Examination: do low-dose spiral CT once a year to screen for early lung cancer.
2. Smoking cessation: The incidence of lung cancer in smokers is 10 times that of non-smokers, and smoking cessation can significantly reduce the incidence of lung cancer.
3, pay attention to indoor ventilation: to prevent indoor micro-ambient air pollution, pay attention to maintain indoor ventilation, improve indoor air quality.
4, reduce kitchen fumes: cooking to minimize frying, frying. Open the window and open the range hood before stir-frying, and open the range hood for another 5-10 minutes after stir-frying.
4. Breast atypical hyperplasia breast cancer
Breast cancer develops through:
Invasive carcinoma of normal intraductal hyperplasia of the atypical hyperplasia carcinoma in situ
Atypical breast hyperplasia may be a precancerous lesion of breast cancer. Simple breast hyperplasia does not become cancerous, and may be precancerous if the duct epithelial hyperplasia is high and atypical hyperplasia. Atypical hyperplasia of breast tissue, intraductal papillomas, and cystic breast hyperplasia are generally considered to be precancerous lesions of breast cancer.
1. Examination: It is very important for women to have regular breast self-examination, and ordinary women under the age of 35 mainly use ultrasonography for physical examination; 45-55-year-old women with perimenopausal period are best to do a molybdenum target examination once a year. If a precancerous lesion is found, it is recommended to follow the doctor's advice to review and see if surgery is required.
2, do not mess with estrogen health products: indiscriminate use of estrogen products can lead to breast duct epithelial cell proliferation, and even cancer.
3, eat less high-fat food: eat less fried foods, cream, cheese and various sweets, control the intake of fat, avoid obesity.
4, maintain a good mood: negative emotions can easily lead to endocrine disorders, and breast diseases have a certain relationship.
5. Appropriate exercise: it is an important factor in preventing the occurrence of breast cancer.
5. Cirrhosis and liver cancer
In the Global Report on the Incidence of Malignant Neoplastic Diseases released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (GLOBOCAN2012), there were about 782 000 new cases of liver cancer in the world in 2012, and 50.5% of new liver cancers in China.
There is a trilogy of liver cancer in China: hepatitis cirrhosis liver cancer.
If there is a history of hepatitis B with a cirrhosis basis, it is a high-risk group for liver cancer, and if there is a suspicious mass of imaging findings or elevated alpha-fetoprotein, it may be cancerous.
1. Examination: Patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis, it is best to check the physical examination every three months to half a year, mainly to check the liver B ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein.
2. Active treatment: patients with cirrhosis should receive standardized treatment in time, and hepatitis B should be actively treated with hepatitis B.
3. Quit smoking and limit alcohol to avoid overwork.
6. Cervical cancer with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Cervical epithelial cells can go from atypical hyperplasia to cancer after persistent HPV infection, which can take up to 10 years or more.
Among them, cervical intraepithelial neoplasian lesions, which are often referred to as cervical precancerous lesions, are divided into one, two and three levels, the higher the level, the easier it is to become cancerous, and the lower the level, the better the treatment.
Beware! The phenomenon of a small amount of vaginal bleeding after sexual life and gynecological examination is contact bleeding, which may be a symptom of cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer.
1. Examination: Women with sexual life should have TCT and HPV testing once a year. If there are abnormalities, a colposcopy or biopsy is required.
2. Active treatment of inflammation: active treatment of chronic cervicitis and cervical precancerous lesions. Pay attention to hygiene in sexual life.
3. HPV vaccination: cervical cancer vaccine can be vaccinated under conditions to prevent the occurrence of cervical cancer.
4, to prevent excessive fatigue: bad living habits will reduce human immunity, to create opportunities for virus invasion.
7. Junction nevus melanoma
Junctional nevi grows in friction-prone areas such as the palm of the hand, plantar, and vulva, and is more likely to become cancerous than other moles.
In addition, according to the following ABCDE alphabet tips to observe, once symptoms appear, be sure to treat as early as possible, early treatment.
A - Asymmetry (asymmetry) refers to the asymmetrical growth of mole cells, enlarged or uneven;
B - Boundary refers to the unclear appearance of nevus cell boundaries or peripheral contours;
C - Cokor (color) refers to the earliest occurrence and easy detection of mole cell malignancy is the color darkening or lightening;
D - Diameter (diameter) refers to the increase in mole cells, and the mole is significantly enlarged;
E – Ekevator (bulge) refers to the presence of a bulge in the junction nevi.
1. Chemical peeling or laser mole removal method is more irritating, and it is not recommended to treat large junction nevi in this way.
2. Avoid too much friction in life, for border nevi with danger signals, it is best to use surgical resection plus pathological examination.
8. Leukoplakia cancer of the mucous membrane
Leukoplakia of the mucosa is a precancerous lesion of abnormal hyperplasia of the epithelium, commonly found in the mouth, esophagus, penis, vulva, and cervix.
Abnormal leukoplakia of the mucous membrane are found, and it is best to go to the hospital for timely examination.
Although, atrophic gastritis, polyps, cirrhosis ... These conditions may be associated with cancer, but they have a long distance from the development of benign diseases to precancerous states and then evolved into cancerous diseases, so there is no need to panic, but once they are discovered, they should also pay enough attention to active treatment and lifestyle adjustment.
Before every cancer occurs, there are actually early warnings, just to see if you pay attention to it!
The source | gastrointestinal disease