preface
Chen Tingzhuo's "Words and Sayings of Bai Yu Zhai" is one of the must-read books for lyricists. He proposed "the method of lyrics, the first noble and depressed", and commented on the poets of the previous dynasties.
In addition, in addition to commenting on the lyricist, he also put forward the basic knowledge that needs to be paid attention to when filling in words. The old street combed a few and shared it with everyone.
First, elegant and customary
There is a controversy between elegance and customs in the cross-talk world. Fill in the words and write poems, and pay more attention to the difference between elegance and customs. Chen Tingzhuo also repeatedly mentioned the problem of elegance in his words.
1. First distinguish between elegance and customs
At the beginning of the introduction, first distinguish between elegance and customs. The elegance is divided, and the loyalty is returned.
Poetry or words are both elegant language. Relatively speaking, poetry is flattering, but beginners should avoid using vulgar slang language.
2. The literal should be used with caution
Words such as beauty, lady, that person, tanlang, Yijia, cheeks, hearts, lotus petals, double upturned, shoe hooks, broken intestines, poor night, mangy Qiankun, brother, slave, sister, play and other literals, vulgar and inferior, broken can not be used.
That is, Lao Tzu, Jade Man, Ze One, Good One, That, Mix One, Original Is, Jiao, Shoe, Gong Some, He, Er, etc., are also used with caution. The wording is indecent, and although the fate is good, it is not expensive in the end.
The above words, i.e. less elegant or less solemn colloquialisms, try to avoid using them. Of course, we will also see a lot of such works in song ci, and it is always a little uncomfortable to read.
You can compare these two words of Huang Tingjian, one of which is "Water Tune Song Head":
Yao cao yi He Bi, spring into the Wuling Creek.
There are countless peach blossoms on the stream, and there are yellow orioles on the flowers.
I want to find a way through the flowers, straight into the depths of the white clouds, and the rainbow is unfolding.
Only afraid of flowers deep inside, red dew wet clothes.
Sit on jade, hold jade pillows, and whisk away gold emblems.
Whoever immortals are, no one accompanies me to the white conch cup.
I am a Lingzhi Immortal Herb, not a Zhu Li Dan Face, and a long whistle is also what it is.
Drunken dance down the mountain, the bright moon returns one by one.
Second, "Guitian Leyin":
The scenery is also thin.
Being teased by individuals and people, I also have my heart.
Remembering me and calling me, seeing me scorn me, Heaven taught people how to be born.
Look at Seung-yuki.
It was the frown of zunqian again.
It's people who are amazed, and I'm wronged.
After fighting and giving up, it must be this time to rest, and the meeting is still the same.
The first is elegant, the latter is slang. The same lyricist, using different words, shows completely two styles of word styles.
3, the lyricist is good at making exquisite speech
The lyricist is a good writer to make beautiful words. For example, Zuo and Yanzhi [dripping powder rubbing crisp], Jiang Baishi 's [Liu Timid Yunsong], Li Yi'an's [green fat red skinny], [pet willow jiaohua] and other categories, although the sentence construction is work, it is not elegant.
These four-word words, too, are the same thing, lacking in grace and solemnity.
4, the number is not fresh, but also should be used with caution
The words are expensive and elegant. However, there are also elegant things, which are not uncommon in numbers, and should be used with caution. Words such as lotus empty house, human face peach blossom, etc., have long been used as clichés, and there is no need to pick up people's spit.
Some elegant words, used too much and too much by the predecessors, are another colloquialism, and of course they should not be used.
2. Poetry and words
1. The poems are not the same
Poetry is the same, but there are also different. The high realm of poetry is also depressed, but it is either won by simplicity, or by dilution, or by juli, or by majesty. Na is depressed among the four, solid is the realm, that is, not all depressed, such as five or seven words, those who speak freely, there is no considerable.
If the word is not somber, there is no word. The cover is small, and if it is kept saying it, there is no room for it, although it is extremely skillful, the intellectuals will finally laugh at its shallowness.
Poetry can not be somber, but the word must be somber, otherwise it cannot be a good word. This is one of the differences between poetry and words.
2. Learning words is expensive after noh poetry
Poetry. However, those who do not work on words can work on poetry, and those who do not work on poetry can never work on words. Therefore, the learning of words is expensive after noh poetry. If the poems do not have a foothold, and I want to learn words, I have not seen anyone who is compatible.
People who write poems well may not fill in the words well. People who fill in words well must be good at composing poetry. Learn poetry first, then learn words, and if poetry has not been learned well, then filling in words will not be good.
Ancient words are better than poetry, (such as shaoyou, white stone. There is no one who does not know the poetry and is the first to work on the words. Wang Bishan and Zhang Yutian's poems are rare, but they must not be non-working poets. Even if the poetry of the Bishan generation has not yet become a family, it cannot stand for eternity, and if it is to be the beginning of words, it must be started by poetry. Break the non-webbing, etc.
There is poetry first, and then there are words, so the poet must be the poet first. But for modern people, poetry is not a compulsory course learned from childhood, and it may not have this experience.
People who can't even write poetry naturally can't fill in words. Therefore, we should pay attention to the fact that to learn words, we must first start with the study of poetry.
3. Words can occasionally be used as poems
In the past, people said that there should not be a word in a poem, nor a poem in a word, and there was a gap between them. Yu is not a word in the poem, believe it. If there is occasional poetry in the word, why harm it is great. And such as "déjà vu swallow returns" and other sentences, poetry see each other, each has its own advantages. He who insists on one-sidedness, the view of the true well frog.
The language of poetry is not the same as the language of words. Simply put, the poetry is charming. The language of words that are too feminine is not suitable for writing in poetry. However, Su Shi and others used poetry as words and gradually became new, so it is not uncommon for poetry to have poetry in the words.
For example, Yan Shu wrote "the return of the déjà vu swallow", that is, the seven laws, and also wrote "Huan Xi Sha".
It must completely separate the poetry and the words, which is the insight of the frog at the bottom of the well.
4. No composition can be composed in the word
No words should be used in a poem, and there may be a poem in the word, but it must not be a song.
Poetry, words, and songs are three languages with their own characteristics, a diagonal line from solemnity to slang. The language of the song is closer to the folk colloquialism, and it seems too serious to enter the poem or into the word. For example, Yan Shu ridiculed Liu Yong's poem, "Ding Feng Bo Zi Chun Lai":
Since the spring, the tragic green and red, the heart is cocoa. The sun is on the top of the flowers, the warblers wear willow ribbons, and the incense is pressed. Warm and crispy, greasy clouds, tired of combing all day long. Nothing. Once the hatred is gone, there is no sound book.
I knew it earlier, regretted that I did not lock the carved saddle. Toward the chicken window, only with the barbarian note elephant pipe, bound to teach bard lessons. The town follows, Mo throws and hides, and the needle and thread sit idle with Yi. And me. Lest you be young and your time wasted.
Of course, this cannot be said absolutely. For example, Ma Zhiyuan's TianjingSha and other meta-songs have the same beauty as poetry.
Third, read more
1. Words should be read well
If you are familiar with Wen and Wei words, you will be self-respecting. If you read Zhou and Qin words well, you will have a deep rhyme. If you are familiar with the words Su and Xin, you will be able to become exuberant. Familiar with ginger and Zhang Ci, the style is self-exalted. Familiar with the hot Bishan word, then the original self-defense, the scale from a distance. Originally, I wanted to be elegant, so why should I let the ancients go.
Wen Wei, referring to Wen Tingjun and Wei Zhuang; Zhou Qin, refers to Zhou Bangyan and Qin Guan; Su Xin, Su Shixin abandoned the disease; Jiang Zhang, referring to Jiang Kui and Zhang Yan. Bishan is Wang Yisun.
2. Beginners should first read more Tang and Song ci
The original word is the original, and it is difficult to learn it suddenly. It is advisable to read more words of the Tang and Song dynasties first to plant its foundation. Then go up the storm and arrest the beginning of the country, so as to realize its original fate and exhaust its perversion. The origin is self-evident.
To fill in the words and compose poems, the first thing is to read a lot of Tang and Song poems and immerse yourself in them. In addition, the poetry is the root of poetry and the basic reading. It's just that modern people learn poetry and have hobbies, and after work and life, they read Tang poems and Song ci, which is very good.
Fourth, about depression
1. The lyrics are expensive and melancholy
The method of lyrics is first noble and depressed, sinking is not floating, and depression is not thin. Gu Shenyu is not easy to force, not rooted in the wind, and can be depressed. The thirteen kingdoms change the wind, the twenty-five Chu words, the loyalty to the point, but also the depression to the point, the source of the word. Don't care about this, do it, there is nothing to do.
The way to fill in words is, first of all, to be depressed. Melancholy and loyal, that is, not frivolous and not shallow, this is the fundamental source of the word.
2, the word is expensive to its origin
Learning the words of the ancients is valuable to its origin, and it is useless to give up the original and seek the end. Its years of learning Jiaxuan, non-Jiaxuan also. Takeru learns yutian, non-yutian also. Fan Xie was taken from Chu Sao, not Chu Sao. None of them can be discerned.
To learn the words of the ancients, we must come from their origins. Otherwise it's just a matter of learning the skin. What is its origin? Gentle and peaceful.
3. The root of gentle and peaceful words
Gentle and peaceful, the righteousness of poetry, but also the root of words. However, it must be depressed and frustrated, and it is a good situation. Otherwise, it is not lost, that is, it is inevitable that mediocrity will be achieved.
Gentleness and peace are the foundations of poetry and words, but they must be expressed in a somber and frustrated way, otherwise they will be shallow and mediocre.
4, the song is not exhaustive
Tang Five pronouns, unreachable, are sinking. Song ci is not exhaustive, but such as Ziye, Shaoyou, Meicheng, Baishi, Bishan, Meixi, there is no one who is not depressed. That is, Dongpo, Fanghui, Jiaxuan, Dream Window, Yutian, etc., it seems that there is no need to win with depression, but there is no one who is not depressed in its best places. The words are precious, and they have not yet been known.
Zhang Xian, Qin Guan, Zhou Bangyan, Jiang Kui, Wang Yisun, Shi Dazu, there is no work that is not somber. And Su Shi, He Zhu, Xin Shuyi, Wu Wenying, Zhang Yan, not all of them are depressed in their words, but there is nothing in their masterpieces that are not somber.
5. What is somberness
The so-called depressed person is intended to write first, outside of God's words, to write about the whining husband and wife, and to convey the feeling of a wicked son and a lonely subject. All friendships that are cold and the life is drifting can be born in every grass and tree. And the hair will be hidden, the desire to reveal, the repeated entanglement, and finally not allowed to break through a word, the height of the bandit's unique personality, and the thickness of the temperament.
The so-called depression, that is, the words you want to say are tactful, but you refuse to directly break them, such as the dragon sees the beginning but does not see the end. From its literal appearance, the reader can feel and associate with the true intention of the lyricist. For example, Xin Shuyi's "Yongyule Jingkou Beiguting Huaigu":
Throughout the ages, the hero has no place for Sun Zhong. Dance hall song stage, the wind is always blown away by the rain and wind. Slanting grass trees, ordinary alleys and strange, humane slaves once lived. Think of that year, Jinge iron horse, swallowed like a tiger.
Yuan Jia Cao Cao, sealed the wolf Juxu, won the Canghuang Beigu. Forty-three years, looking at the middle of the memory, Beacon Yangzhou Road. Looking back, under the Buddha's Shrine, a sacred crow club drum. Who asked: Honest and old, can you still eat?
Xin abandons the disease in the words, showing the meaning of Lao Ji Futuo, which is clearly written. As for the Northern Expedition strategy of the Southern Song Dynasty at that time, he held a skeptical and worried attitude, which was a gentle hint.
5. Lexical rhythm
1. Lyrics should be based on the rhythm of the heart
Words have those who can be accommodated, and there are those who must not be accommodating. If you are obedient, you are out of tune. In the heart of the word rhythm, there is no harm in self-concordance.
In the word spectrum, some positional words are flat and flat. Some of the flats are fixed. Filler words must meet the requirements of word law.
2, the rhythm of the word first in the separate sound
The rhythm of the word, first in the separate sound. I don't know how to go to the sound, although I look at the law of words, I also know it but I don't know why it is so. I don't know. (Edited by Si, dedicated to directly revealing the original.) The study of tone, there is a lexical law, and the rest of the rhetoric. Occasionally, a show is given to the shortcuts of the law of words. ）
There are three voices to go up, and special attention should be paid to the use of de-sounding words. This is a study of tone, and I won't say more about it here.
Regarding the sound, we should pay attention to try to avoid the use of two sound removals, in addition, the collar word is mostly to go to the sound, for example: to - Xiao Xiao twilight rain sprinkled river sky.
Conclusion
The old street walked around and looked at the flowers, randomly selected a few passages from the "White Rain Words and Sayings" and gave them their own understanding.
Filler words begin with the study of poetry; follow the rules of word law; read more of the ancient masterpieces; fill in words pay attention to elegance and avoid customs, natural gentleness and loyalty; make good use of Bixing sustenance, natural depression, and god's words.
Personal opinion, welcome to correct.
@Old Street Taste