The Battle of Huaihai refers to the strategic offensive campaign conducted by Chinese the Central Plains Field Army of the People's Liberation Army and the East China Field Army of the People's Liberation Army during the Liberation War in a vast area centered on Xuzhou, from Haizhou (Lianyungang) in the east to Shangqiu in the west, from Lincheng (present-day Xuecheng, Zaozhuang City) in the north, and to the Huai River in the south. It was the largest of the three major battles of the Strategic Decisive Battle of the Liberation War, which lasted 66 days from November 6, 1948 to January 10, 1949. It ended with a total victory for our army.
The General Front Committee of the Huaihai Campaign is carved in groups
In addition to the well-known proper command of our army and the heroic killing of the enemy by the officers and men of the three services, another key element in the victory of this huge battle is the excellent logistical support work. Below, we will use several sets of data from the logistics work of the Huaihai Campaign to prove that the Huaihai Campaign was a real people's war.
1. Data derived from the state of the war
In the Huaihai Campaign, the plasters of the People's Liberation Army of our Chinese totaled 16 columns of the East China Field Army and 7 columns of the Central Plains Field Army, together with the local units of the East China Military Region and the Central Plains Military Region, totaling about 600,000 people; while the Kuomintang Army successively invested 7 corps, 2 appeasement areas, 34 armies, and 86 divisions, with a total of about 800,000 people and 2,957 sorties of aircraft. Judging from the number and equipment of the troops directly involved in the battle, the enemy army is stronger than our army.
However, the result of the campaign was that our army had eliminated the Kuomintang Army's Xuzhou General Advance Command and the 5 corps headquarters, 22 military headquarters, 56 divisions, and 1 appeasement area under its command, and the regular army, together with other units, 555099 people, accounting for about 69% of its total troop strength, of which 320355 were captured, 171151 were killed, 35,093 surrendered, and 28,500 were reorganized in the uprising. Senior Generals above major generals of the Kuomintang were captured 124, 22 surrendered, and 8 were insurrectionist. These results do not include the number of enemy troops who have dispersed and fled.
Huaihai Battle Martyrs Memorial Tower
Our army captured 4215 enemy weapons and equipment: 4215 artillery pieces, 14503 light and heavy machine guns, 151045 long and short guns, 6 aircraft, 215 tank armored vehicles, 1747 cars, 6680 horse-drawn carriages, 120128 shells, and 2015.1 million rounds of gun ammunition.
The casualties and weapons losses of the People's Liberation Army are: 25,954 killed, 98,818 wounded, and 11,752 missing, for a total of 136524 (the ratio of losses between the enemy and ourselves is 4.06:1). The loss of weapons and equipment included 1 tank, 34 mountain guns, field artillery and howitzers, 219 mortars and infantry guns, 26 grenadiers, 1884 light and heavy machine guns, 14588 long and short guns, 679943 rounds of various shells, 20.149 million rounds of various guns, and 97025 kg of explosives (excluding the number of double-stacked battles).
Among the three major battles of the Great Decisive Battle of the Liberation War, the People's Liberation Army suffered the largest casualties in the Huaihai Campaign, exceeding the sum of the casualties of the other two battles, accounting for 53.8 percent of the total casualties of the Great Decisive Battle, and the total number of annihilated enemies was the largest, accounting for 35.8 percent of the total number of annihilated enemies, while the capture was the least.
Group sculptures of the Huaihai Battle Memorial Hall
Second, the logistical support data proves that it is a real people's war
In order to win a huge battle, in addition to correct command and the bravery and good fighting of officers and men, another key factor is the logistical support work; it is precisely by relying on the vigorous support of the broad masses of the people that our party and our army have effectively guaranteed the outstanding logistical work of the Huaihai Campaign, and this is also the fundamental guarantee for being able to win the victory over the Kuomintang army in the end.
During the Battle of Huaihai, the people of Jiangsu, Shandong, Anhui, Henan and other places supported the war with huge material and manpower. A total of 5.43 million migrant workers were dispatched from these four provinces, including 220,000 standing migrant workers with the army, 1.3 million second-line migrant workers, and 3.91 million temporary migrant workers in the rear; 206,000 stretchers, 880,000 large and small vehicles, 305,000 picks, 767,000 livestock, and 8,539 boats; a total of 960 million catties of grain were raised and 434 million catties of grain were transported to the front line.
The pomp and circumstance in front of the migrant workers' support is the most moving scene in this battle. In the third stage of the campaign, the ratio of the number of troops participating in the battle to the migrant workers in the front was as high as 1:9. This unprecedented huge mobilization of manpower, the Liberated Areas have shown a very amazing ability to bear, such as the Luzhong South District, which has the heaviest burden of migrant workers, taking the statistics of the Sixth Sub-district as an example, the district has dispatched a total of 490,000 migrant workers (170,000 standing migrant workers, 320,000 temporary migrant workers, and many temporary services have not yet been counted) accounting for more than 16% of its total population of 3 million.
Battle map of the Huaihai Campaign
According to past practice, the manpower of the people to bear the war generally cannot exceed 12% of the total population, that is, one migrant worker is drawn out of eight people, but this time in the southern district of Luzhong, except for the old and weak women and children, almost all young and middle-aged men were mobilized, so that the proportion of migrant workers mobilized this time was as high as 16% of the total population, which can be said to have exceeded the highest burden limit. In particular, Yongcheng, Xiayi, and Suxian were almost all mobilized.
In addition, in the course of this campaign, railway workers and the people in the rear rushed to repair 68 iron bridges, 228 culverts, and repaired 220 miles of railways. At the same time, the roads, roads and bridges leading to the front line have also been repaired. The main traffic arteries from the Yellow Sea in the east, to the canal in the west, to Longhai Road in the south, and to Jiaoji Road in the north were all unimpeded, which effectively supported the PLA in winning the Huaihai Campaign. The slogan put forward by the people in this pre-support movement was "throw away all their families, support the front, endure all difficulties, overcome all hardships, and win victory in the battle." ”
The above sets of data fully corroborate this: The Huaihai Campaign was a real people's war, and the victory in the Huaihai Campaign was also a true victory for the people.
Third, the author commented:
In addition to the well-known proper command of our army and the heroic killing of the enemy by the officers and men of the three armies, another key element was the excellent logistical support work.
Among them, the ratio of the number of troops participating in the war to the migrant workers in the front is as high as 1:9; the proportion of mobilized migrant workers is as high as 16% of the total population, which has exceeded the highest burden limit in the past, and the most prominent counties are mobilized by the whole people.
The data on several sets of logistical work listed in this article fully corroborate this: the Huaihai Campaign was a real people's war, and the victory in the Huaihai Campaign was also a true victory for the people. This is also the fundamental magic weapon for our party and our army to be able to completely defeat the Kuomintang in the end.
While praising the proper command of our army and the heroic spirit of the officers and men of the three services in killing the enemy, we must also sing the praises of the logistics workers, the valuable spirit of vigorous support for the war, appreciate the power of the people's war, and believe that the just war will surely defeat the evil forces and achieve the final victory.
Huaihai Battle Memorial Hall
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