First, explain the title of the article " Raiders".
According to the official history, Zhang Tingyu was not raided, but was ordered to pay all the gifts. Draft History of the Qing Dynasty. Zhang Tingyu's biography says: "The superior blames Tingyu and orders to pay all the things that have been given over the years", Qianlong only let Zhang Tingyu hand over the rewards, which is not a concept at all with the raider. However, when carrying out this order, the law enforcers have a great sense of "raiding the house", so let's call it "raiding the house".
Zhang Tingyu, an old courtier of the Three Dynasties of Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong, was a wise man, but in his later years, due to repeated anger with the Qianlong Emperor, he was eventually raided.
Zhang Tingyu's life was quite fruitful, and he was the only Hanchen in the entire Qing Dynasty who was worthy of the Taimiao Temple, and he successively led the revision of important classics such as the Great Qing Huidian (大清会典), the Records of the Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty , and the History of the Ming Dynasty(s)
Although he is an extremely popular subject, but the emperor's reverse scales can not be touched casually, the so-called universal world, can not be the king's land, the coast of the land, can not be the king's subject, since the ancient king wants the subject to die, the subject has to die, so the emperor is always the one who holds the power of life and death. Because Zhang Tingyu repeatedly violated Long Yan, he was eventually punished.
We all know that "Jun has no jokes", just after Zhang Tingyu was raided, Qianlong obediently restored Zhang Tingyu's reputation. After analyzing this history, we learned the truth, it turned out that this was all a conspiracy, and the emperor finally had to restore Zhang Tingyu's reputation for the dignity of the royal family, and had to pay for this "crime of wanting to add".
Behind all this, what are the hidden secrets?
Zhang Tingyu has gone through three dynasties and can be called the elder level. In the early qing dynasty, those who could enter the center were all university scholars, that is, the so-called "four halls and two pavilion university scholars", but Zhang Tingyu did not become a university scholar in the late years of the Kangxi Dynasty.
After passing the entrance examination, Zhang Tingyu first did the editing of the Hanlin Academy and the Shu Jishi, and later gave the review, and entered the South Study, at most it was "with the news" decision-making, responsible for the grass edict and other paperwork. Stills: Kangxi and Zhang Tingyu
Later, Zhang Tingyu was promoted to the position of Punishment Department Waiter, and because of his uprightness, selflessness, and fearlessness of the powerful, he was nicknamed "Fuhu Shilang". Before the death of the Kangxi Emperor, Zhang Tingyu was promoted from a punishment department to an official shilang (the first of the six ministries).
In the Yongzheng period, Zhang Tingyu also served as an official Shangshu, so he vigorously promoted Han People to become officials in the dynasty. After the Yongzheng Emperor established the Military Aircraft Department, Zhang Tingyu became the Minister of Military Aircraft, and the rules and regulations of the Military Aircraft Department were written by Zhang Tingyu. "In the eighth year, shang used troops in the northwest and ordered the establishment of a military machine room in longzongmen, with Prince Yi Yunxiang and Tingyu and university scholar Jiang Tingxi leading the way. It was renamed the Military Aircraft Division. Tingyu fixed the regulations: The ministers Chen Song, the regular use of loose, from the general political department, the lower cabinet to prepare the will; the important things to use folding, the self-playing office, the military aircraft department to prepare the purpose, pro-Yu Zhu pen wholesale. Since the cabinet power was transferred to the Military Aircraft Department, the university cadets must be appointed as military aircraft ministers, and they must be summoned to the right, undertake the will, and participate in the secret affairs. It is no exaggeration to say that during the Manchu Qing Dynasty, no Hanchen achieved the status of Zhang Tingyu. The Yongzheng Emperor was appreciated, and that was more than that. We know that in ancient times, in addition to pursuing the scenery before death, the glory after death was also their long-cherished wish, and Yongzheng had made a promise to Zhang Tingyu - promised to let Zhang Tingyu enjoy the Taimiao Temple after death. A Han chen can have such treatment, in the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Tingyu was the first and last. Yongzheng Although Yongzheng experienced the "Nine Sons and Concubines", although he narrowly won the victory and became the emperor, he was a diligent emperor. Yongzheng work is very dedicated, all year round except for the rest on his birthday, other times are working, working until late at night, a day off time is only four or five hours, he reigned thirteen years to approve the reading of chapters up to more than 10 million words, writing more than 5 million words. This kind of work is very hard, and Yongzheng is very eager for someone to help him. When the Ming Lord meets a good minister, he will inevitably collide with a brilliant spark. Yongzheng met Zhang Tingyu, of course, if he got the most precious treasure, he was favored. Therefore, Yongzheng's reward for Zhang Tingyu's life or death is not excessive.
As mentioned above, during the promotion to the post of official Shangshu, Zhang Tingyu vigorously supported the Han people to become officials in the dynasty, and it is obvious that in the light and in the dark, Zhang Tingyu and Ortai almost became friends, Zhang Tingyu represented the Han officials, and Ortai represented the Manchu officials.
In this regard, Qianlong is no better than Yongzheng, yongzheng belongs to the eclectic demotion of talents, even to the point of not distinguishing between Manchu and Han, can be called an enlightened monarch, he not only reuses the Han minister Zhang Tingyu, but even the Han army bannerman Nian Qianyao and the Han Yue Zhongqi are highly used. But Qianlong was different, after Qianlong succeeded to the throne, his attitude was clear, he wanted to suppress the arrogance of the Han bureaucrats, and the leader of the Han bureaucracy was Zhang Tingyu, so Zhang Tingyu bore the brunt of it, became the target of public criticism, and once reached the dangerous situation of being raided.
In addition to Zhang Tingyu's deep involvement in the dispute between friends and parties, there was another thing that became the fuse for his home raid.
After the death of the hero, the tablet of this hero is placed in the royal ancestral temple to enjoy the offerings of the descendants, which is called "worthy of the temple". Before Yongzheng died, he promised Zhang Tingyu and Ertai that after the death of the two subjects, they would be entitled to the Taimiao Temple.
However, after Yongzheng's death, his successor, the Qianlong Emperor, was reluctant to honor this promise of the former emperor. The reason why Qianlong was unhappy was that Zhang Tingyu promoted many Han chinese as officials, which was contrary to his proposition of re-filling and suppressing Han, so the Qianlong Emperor was worried and uneasy in his heart. In fact, Zhang Tingyu had never colluded with anyone, or did not dare to collude with others in the open, so he was pulled into the ruling center by Yongzheng.
It is precisely for this reason that after Zhang Tingyu succeeded to the throne in Qianlong, he repeatedly recommended the appointment of Han bureaucrats to the Qianlong Emperor, but he did not get the approval of the Qianlong Emperor. Moreover, Qianlong was afraid that the intensification of the contradictions between the Manchu and Han courtiers would lead to turmoil in the imperial court, and he had to deal with Zhang Tingyu in order to calm the dissatisfaction of the Manchu courtiers.
However, Zhang Tingyu, as a heavy minister of the Three Dynasties, could not move lightly, and at this time, the sons of the Qianlong Emperor died one after another, which made him upset, and Zhang Tingyu felt the emperor's dissatisfaction and vigilance against him and opened the mode of returning to his hometown.
The ministers of the DPRK could see that Zhang Tingyu was holding his breath. In the end, the Qianlong Emperor was stimulated by his repeated requests to resign from the government. However, at this time, Zhang Tingyu made a request to the Qianlong Emperor.
What is the demand, that is, Yongzheng promised Zhang Tingyu that after Zhang Tingyu's death, he would "deserve to enjoy the Taimiao Temple". Zhang Tingyu wanted to get this "letter of guarantee" in his hands before leaving the imperial court.
Although the Qianlong Emperor was very unhappy at that time, he still wrote him a voucher, but Zhang Yanyu only played xie en and let his son enter the palace to thank Qianlong, and Qianlong was very angry because Zhang Yanyu did not personally thank him. The Qianlong Emperor then cut Zhang Tingyu's earl. Then Zhang Yanyu asked to return to his hometown, which made Qianlong very angry this time, so the Qianlong Emperor held a meeting to exempt Zhang Yanyu from the right to enjoy the Taimiao Temple, and at the same time, ordered the withdrawal of the guarantee. However, the Holy Will had not yet been issued, and Zhang Tingyu seemed to have received the news in advance, so he took countermeasures.
No matter which generation of emperors, such events will never be allowed to happen. And Zhang Tingyu's performance just shows one thing, that is, he has someone around the Qianlong Emperor, and Qianlong's every move is in his hands.
Sensing the threat, Qianlong immediately asked Zhu Quan to act as the leader and handle Zhang Tingyu's home with full authority. Here, Qianlong used a clever trick, that is, Zhu Quan was Zhang Tingyu's long-term political enemy, and it was not light to raid his home.
Qianlong clearly pointed out that it is necessary to take back all the rewards given during the Kangxi and Yongzheng periods. After Zhu Quan went to do things, Qianlong was still not at ease, and asked Debao, the head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, to reconfirm Zhang Tingyu's mansion in Beijing and take stock of the materials collected. In fact, Zhu Quan's hands were not heavy, and Debao was the most powerful, almost borrowing the title to play and communiqué personal vendettas, not only confiscating the rewards of the Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties, but also confiscating Zhang Tingyu's personal belongings.
This expanded the incident, turning the previous items into raiders. In this way, Zhang Tingyu, the elder of the Three Dynasties, was inexplicably raided.
Because Qianlong was well aware of Zhang Tingyu's personality, the unwarranted accusations of his corruption were also nonsense, although he only wanted to teach Zhang Tingyu a lesson, but Debao inevitably implemented the policy too thoroughly, so that Qianlong could not help but get angry after learning about it.
After that, Qianlong ordered Debao to return Zhang Tingyu's personal belongings. Five years later, Zhang Tingyu died depressed at home. Qianlong did not do anything wrong, and restored Zhang Tingyu's official title and the right to sit in the Taimiao Temple. The reason why the Qianlong Emperor did this was to finally affirm Zhang Tingyu's contribution to the Qing Dynasty.
From modern historical data, we can find out that Zhang Tingyu's home was purely a conspiracy, and it was the Qianlong Emperor who wanted to beat Zhang Tingyu, and the fundamental reason was that the Qianlong Emperor was extremely dissatisfied with the Han Zhang Tingyu's extremely popular subjects and his power in the DPRK. Heavenly power is unpredictable, accompanied by the king like a companion tiger, the old minister of the Three Dynasties Zhang Tingyu was finally played by Qianlong in a down-to-earth manner.
(Zhang Tingyu was entitled to the Taimiao Temple after his death, and in the Qing Dynasty, as a very popular subject of the Han people, he was the only one.) Later, due to being deeply involved in the whirlpool of friends and party, coupled with the promotion of Han people and the opposite of Qianlong's heavy man and light Han, Qianlong "paid everything he had given". Fortunately, in the end, Qianlong still acknowledged Zhang Tingyu's historical merits. What do you think about this, welcome to comment. Images originate from the Internet, and infringement must be deleted. ）