Now people who are accustomed to watching film and television dramas about the Qing Dynasty are certainly not unfamiliar with the two titles of military aircraft minister and university scholar, for example, in the "Iron Tooth Copper Tooth Ji Xiaolan" that many people like to watch now, the protagonist Ji Xiaolan's official position is to assist in the university, and the other protagonist and the official position he holds have the position of military aircraft minister. So what are the official positions of the university scholar and the minister of military aircraft among them? Which of them has the most power?
Minister of Military Aircraft
The Minister of Military Aircraft was the chief of the Military Aircraft Department of the Qing Dynasty. In the seventh year of Yongzheng, Yongzheng in order to more quickly invest the resources of the whole country in the war between the Qing court and the Mongol tribes in the northwest, and better cope with the war in the northwest.
Therefore, a military machine room was set up in Longzongmen, and this organization was fully responsible for the use of troops in the northwest.
The thirteenth master Yunxiang, the university scholars Jiang Tingxi and Zhang Tingyu became the earliest military ministers. Of course, at this time, the military aircraft department is still called the military aircraft room, and the official name of the military aircraft minister at this time should also be "handling military aircraft affairs."
In the eighth year of Yongzheng, with the rebellion of the Dzungars again, coupled with the qing court's implementation of land reform and return to the stream, it caused a rebound in some toasts in the southwest region, and the war in the Qing Dynasty became more and more tense, and it was obvious that the personnel in the military aircraft room at this time were no longer enough.
So in this year, Yongzheng set up a new post of military aircraft Zhang Jing,
He was selected from among the cabinet officials, such as Zhongshu, Rokubu Langzhong, Yuanwai lang, and chief minister. Yongzheng decade with the existence of the military aircraft room became more and more important, and finally Yongzheng decided to formally establish this institution, first renamed it "Handling Military Aircraft Department", referred to as "Military Aircraft Department", and moved its office to the qianqing Palace outside the gate and issued a letter from the Military Aircraft Department, from which the Military Aircraft Department began to be customized.
And with the military aircraft department becoming customized, it is no longer a simple military institution as in the Yongzheng period.
It gradually became the highest decision-making body to assist the emperor in handling military and political affairs throughout the country.
Its main duties are 1) responsible for drafting edicts issued by the emperor. 2) All military and political affairs concerning the country, such as administrative policies, military operations, promotions, rewards and punishments of officials, etc., are first given specific opinions by the Military Aircraft Department, and then reported to the emperor for adjudication. 3) Responsible for handling certain major cases. 4) Candidates for official positions throughout the country, from universities to zhixian, were all selected by the Military Aircraft Department, and then approved by the emperor. 5) The appointment of the chief examiner of the imperial examination and the examination questions are also drafted by the Military Aircraft Department, and then handed over to the Emperor for selection, and the examination papers of the Examination and the Imperial Examination are also examined by the Military Aircraft Department, etc.
At the same time, it should be noted that the minister of military aircraft that we are now familiar with is only a common name, and it is not an official name.
The official name of the Minister of Military Aircraft is rather confusing, initially called "handling military aircraft affairs", and later also known as "military aircraft department walking" or "military aircraft department learning to walk". During the Jiaqing period, it was called "military aircraft minister walking" or "military aircraft minister learning to walk". The reason why the two titles are added to the two titles is to distinguish between a military minister with shallow seniority and a military minister with deep seniority.
In addition, the highest status of the Minister of Military Aircraft is the Chief Minister of Military Aircraft, or the Minister of Military Aircraft for The Foreman.
University fellow
The Qing Dynasty's university scholars imitated the Ming system, that is, the highest official in the cabinet. In the early Qing Dynasty, there were six university scholars, namely Zhonghedian University Fellows, Bohol Hall University Fellows, Mandarin University Fellows, Wu Yingdian University Fellows, Bunkying Court University Fellows, and Dongge University Fellows. However, during the Qianlong period, Qianlong renamed the Zhonghedian University scholars to Tirenge University scholars, and since then the Qing Dynasty university non-commissioned officers have been customized.
In the early Qing Dynasty, the university scholars were honored as zhonghedian university scholars, and the status of the East Pavilion was the lowest. During the Qianlong period, the Bohol Hall was revered, and the status of the Body Ren Pavilion was the lowest.
In the Qing Dynasty, the power of university scholars was far weaker than that of the Ming Dynasty scholars.
The duties of qing dynasty university scholars were mainly to be in charge of the revision of records, history and records, and to serve as the competent officials of the various compilation institutions of the Qing Dynasty, and under normal circumstances, university scholars would serve as examiners in the examination of the imperial examination, and as the reading officer during the imperial examination. Later, during the Spring and Autumn Festivals of the Qing Dynasty, the university scholars would also be responsible for presiding over the affairs related to the sacrifices.
It can be said that although the university scholars in the Qing Dynasty had the name of the prime minister, in fact, there was no real prime minister.
In the early Qing Dynasty, the power of the university scholars was first limited by the Council of Ministers, and during the Kangxi Dynasty, the power was divided away by the Southern Study, and in the Yongzheng Period, it was almost completely replaced by the Military Chancellor. Therefore, after the Yongzheng Dynasty, the university scholars of the Qing Dynasty were more of a symbol of status and honor, but the actual rights were even sometimes inferior to the six Shangshu. However, it should be noted that
The official edicts issued by the imperial court of the final Qing Dynasty, such as the Jin Dynasty Empress and the Amnesty of the World, were all drawn up by the cabinet, and the official chapters of the courtiers were first handed over to the cabinet, and then handed over to the emperor by the cabinet.
Therefore, at this time, the university scholar was still nominally the prime minister.
Who has the power to be the Minister of Military Aircraft and the University Cadet?
First of all, we must recognize the fact that the official position of minister of military aircraft itself is unqualified, it is selected and transferred from among officials such as university scholars, rokubu Shangshu and Shilang, and it can be said that it is a part-time job. And the cabinet of the three halls and three pavilions of the university has a grade, that is, the right one product. Of course, this grade has nothing to do with the size of power.
In fact, from the moment the Qing Dynasty established the Military Aircraft Department, the power of the Military Aircraft Minister had long exceeded that of the university scholars.
First of all, the right of the Minister of Military Aircraft to nominate candidates for university cadets is already predestined above the power of the Minister of Military Aircraft to be higher than that of a university student.
In addition, all the officials of the Qing Dynasty at that time, including the six Shangshu, viceroys, inspectors, generals and admirals, were all nominated by the military chancellor. And with the power to nominate officials to the emperor alone, the military chancellor could almost surpass the university scholars who were mostly shushu in the Qing Dynasty. Not to mention the will issued by the emperor to the Military Aircraft Department at that time, the Military Aircraft Minister could directly go through the Cabinet and be handed over to local officials, and the Military Aircraft Minister could also participate in the punishment, promotion and evaluation of officials.
However, if you want to talk about status alone, in fact, the status of university cadets is higher than that of the minister of military aircraft. As I said
"Although a university scholar does not have the truth of the prime minister, he has the name of the prime minister"
whereas
"Although the minister of military aircraft has the reality of the prime minister, he does not have the name of the prime minister",
Therefore, in terms of status, the university cadet is obviously higher than the military aircraft minister.