Learning the Analects Together (16)

Ji Shi Chapter

The Ji clan will cut the zhuān yú (颛臾), Ran You, and Ji Lu (姬路) in Confucius, saying: "The Ji clan will have something to do with the Chu Chu. Confucius said, "Please, is There no Nair over?" Fu Zhao, the former king of the past, thought that he was the lord of the east, and he was in the middle of the state, and he was a minister of the society. Why cut it? Ran Youyi said, "If the Master desires it, neither of my two subjects desires it." Confucius said: "Please, Zhou Ren has a saying: 'Chen Li is listed, and those who cannot stop are not stopped.' 'If you are in danger and do not hold on, and if you do not support it, you will use the other side? And Er said too much, the tiger out of the 柙 (xiá), the turtle jade destroyed in the tree, whose fault is it? Ran Youyue: "This husband is solid and close to the fee, and if he does not take it now, the future generations will worry about their descendants." Confucius said, "Please, a gentleman who desires what he wants will do." Qiu also heard that those who have a state-owned family do not suffer from widowhood but from inequality, and do not suffer from poverty but from uneasiness. Cover is not poor, and no widow, no tilt. If the husband is so, if the distant person disobeys, he will cultivate Wende since then, and if he comes, he will be safe. Now yu and Qiu Ya are the same master, the distant people do not obey and can not come, the state is divided and can not be kept, and plotted to fight in the state. I am afraid that ji sun's worries are not in the shadows, but also within the Xiao Wall. ”

Ran You and Zi Lu went to see Confucius for the sake of Ji Fuzi's attack on Zhen Zhen, and Confucius was not satisfied when he heard it, thanks to you two or my students, why didn't you stop this matter? Moreover, it was their own fiefdom and should not be attacked. Ran You said, Teacher, I have also been wronged, what should be said and what should be persuaded have been said, and the above does not listen! When Confucius heard this, he also played tricks on the teacher, continued to follow the good examples, and in his position he wanted to seek his own government, and if he was capable of doing his job, he would let the sages if he was incompetent, and what was the use of not asking you to assist? It's like a tiger and a rhinoceros running out of a cage, and the tortoise shell and jade being destroyed in the box, whose fault is that? Ran You defended again, confucius said that gentlemen hate the kind of people who do not say what they want to do, but find excuses to cover up. A country is not afraid of a small population, but is afraid of uneven distribution, not afraid of poverty, but afraid of turmoil. Now that none of these problems exist, why not choose the political and religious practice of benevolence, righteousness, and liturgy to make the Gentile obey? You assist Jisun, and the people of the distant place do not submit but cannot obey them; the country is falling apart but cannot be preserved; instead, you plot to use force at home. I see that Ji Sun's troubles are not in the palace, but in his own palace walls.

Zi Yue: "If there is a way under the heavens, then the lile conquest comes from the son of heaven; if there is no way under the world, the liturgical conquest comes from the princes." From the princes, Gai X Xi does not lose; since the doctor comes out, the fifth Xi does not lose; the accompanying minister carries out the order of the country, and the third Xi does not lose. If there is a way under the heavens, then the government is not in the doctor; if there is a way under the world, the people do not discuss it. ”

In Confucius's view, the ideal society should form a centralized and unified society in this way, with orderly levels from top to bottom, one level being responsible for one level, the next level helping the higher level, and the next level carrying out the orders of the higher level. The ritual conquest, that is, making ceremonies, making music, and whether to send troops to attack and attack, these are the major policies of a country, and the highest decision-makers of these policies should be issued and implemented in the central imperial court, that is, by Zhou Tianzi, which is a symbol of the way under the heavens. If it is controlled by the vassals of princes, doctors, and doctors, the country will never be in peace and stability for a long time. And the world's politics are clear, and ordinary people will not discuss the government.

Zi Yue: "Lu Zhi went to the fifth generation of the office, the government arrested the fourth generation of the doctor, and the descendants of the three huans of the former husband Wei Yi." ”

In line with the meaning of the previous part, it is illustrated by the example of Lu Guo.

Zi Yue: "Three friends of the beneficiary, three friends of the loser." Friendly straight, friendly forgiveness, friendly smell, beneficial; friendly and soft, friendly and gentle, friendly and deficient, damage. ”

Friends must be cautious, and making friends with people who are honest, honest, and well-informed benefits a lot, on the contrary, making friends with people who are flattering, inconsistent, and clever is endlessly harmful.

Zi Yue: "The three pleasures of the gainer, the three pleasures of the loser." Happy Festivals, Goodness of The People, Good Friends, Benefits, Pleasures, Pleasures, Pleasures, Pleasures, Losses. ”

It is beneficial to use liturgy to regulate oneself, praise the benefits of others, and make many friends with both moral integrity and ability. Taking pleasure in indulgence, pleasure, and feasting and drinking is harmful.

Zi Yue: "There are three kinds of sorrows in serving a gentleman: impatience in terms of words, hidden in words, and gǔ (gǔ) when words are not seen." ”

Speak in a targeted manner, just right, say when you should say it, and don't say a word when you shouldn't say it. In particular, serving at the gentleman's side is prone to three kinds of transgressions: speaking when it is not the turn to speak, which is impatience; not speaking when it is time to speak, which is called concealment; and speaking hastily without looking at the gentleman's face, which is called blindness.

Zi Yue: "A gentleman has three precepts: when he is young, the flesh is undecided, and the precepts are in color; and his strength is strong, and the flesh is strong, and the precepts are fighting; and his old age, the flesh is weak, and the precepts are gained." ”

Gentlemen should be vigilant about three things, when they are young, they should not be greedy for eroticism, and in their prime, they should not be angry and fight; the elderly should pay attention to self-cultivation, do not be greedy, and must be put down.

Zi Yue: "A gentleman has three fears: fear of the Mandate of Heaven, fear of adults, and fear of the words of the saints." The villain does not know the destiny of heaven and is not afraid, and he insults the words of the saints. ”

Man is incomparably small in the face of nature, and the so-called one of the so-called vicissitudes of the sea is also, and for heaven and nature, it is necessary to be in awe from the heart, not arrogant; to people with high authority and power, to the teachings of saints, but also by reverence, this is the basic cultivation of being a human being. The villain's heart is all about himself, and he is not afraid of the sky until he causes trouble and regrets it late.

Zi Yue: "Those who are born to know are also on the top, and those who learn and know are secondary; those who are sleepy and learn are secondary." Sleepy and not learning, Minsi for the next. ”

Human wisdom or aura is born from the difference, some truths, for the superior people, can be naturally understood, the next point through the acquired learning can be understood, if you do not understand, and then do not make up for it through learning, A lifetime is afraid to live in confusion.

Zi Yue: "A gentleman has nine thoughts: seeing Siming, listening to Si Cong, Se Siwen, Maung Si Gong, Yan Si Zhong, Si Jing, Doubting Questioning, Thinking Difficult, and Seeing Si Yi." ”

This passage is interesting, a person's cultivation is manifested in all aspects such as treating people and things, and in the words of the Buddhists, it should be all evil and all good. Especially when you are angry, you must consider the consequences.

Zi Yue: "Seeing goodness is like not reaching, seeing bad is like exploring soup; I see his people." I hear it. I live in seclusion for his will, and righteousness in order to attain his way; I have heard his words, but I have not seen his people. ”

There are such people in life, strict self-discipline, and their shortcomings are as quick as they reach into boiling water. Confucius saw such people and heard such words. It is said that there is also a kind of person, even if he is reclusive, he must preserve his ambitions and always act according to the principles of righteousness in order to carry out his ideas. Such people had only heard of it, but Confucius had never seen it.

On the day of death, the people were called Yan without virtue; Boyi and Shuqi were hungry under the first sun, and the people were called them today. What does it mean to be with? ”

A person can be admired by future generations, and it is not by power or wealth that he can live forever. Even if Qi Jinggong had four thousand horses, when he died, the people really couldn't find words to praise him. Bo Yi and Shu Qi starved to death on Shouyang Mountain, and the people still praise them to this day. That's probably what it means!

Chen Kang asked Yu Boyu, "Does the son also have a strange smell?" Right: "Not yet." Taste independence, carp tend to pass through the court, said: 'Learn the poetry?' Right: "Not yet." ''If you don't study poetry, you can't say anything.'' 'Carp retreated to the poems. He was independent and independent, and the carp rushed through the court, saying: 'Learn the "Rites"? Right: "Not yet." ''If you don't study the Rites, you can't stand. 'The carp retreated to learn the Ritual. Wens both. Chen Kang retreated and rejoiced: "Ask one to get three, smell the "poems", smell the "rites", and smell the gentleman's far away son." ”

Confucius taught people tirelessly and treated them equally. BoYu was the son of Confucius, and Chen Kang thought that Confucius must have given him a small stove, but it was not what Chen Kang imagined. Confucius, as a master of all ages, did not favor his own children! Master leads the door, practicing in the individual!

The wife of the state king, the king called the lady of the king, the lady called herself the little child; the people of the state called the lady of the king, called the widow of the foreign countries; the foreigners called it also known as the lady of the king.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, the ceremonial system was destroyed, and the titles of the concubines of the princes were confused, and the title actually meant the observance and standardization of a certain order, so Confucius mentioned the Zhou Li, which also meant the right name.

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