Guarjia Aobai, a powerful minister of power in the early Qing Dynasty of China
Aobai (?) – 1669, Manchu: Oboi), a powerful minister in the early Qing Dynasty, born in the Guarjia clan, grandson of the suguan patriarch Sol Guo, nephew of Fei Yingdong, one of the five ministers of the Later Jin Dynasty, born in an untestable year, Manchurian yellow flag man, three generations of the Qing Dynasty, one of the kangxi emperor's early assistant ministers. He was made duke by military merit. Ao Bai's military achievements in the first half of his life were outstanding, and he was known as the "First Warrior of Manchuria".
Ao Bai, born in an unknown year, was born as a general, proficient in riding and shooting, and has served in the army since his youth, and has made many great achievements. He followed Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty in his attack on Chahar and his conquest of Korea, all of which had success.
During the Apocalypse, after Liaodong fell to Houjin, the Ming general Mao Wenlong led his army to retreat to PiDao (pi dao, present-day Linden Island, Korea), echoing the Ming army on the front line of Ningjin outside Guanwai and turning into horns, harassing and containing Houjin's forces, so that Houjin's belly was attacked. Hou Jin has always regarded Phi Dao as a big problem, from Nurhaci to Huang Taiji, they have planned day and night to try to pull out this nail.
In the second year of Chongde (1637), Emperor Taiji ordered Bei Zi Shuo to attack Phi Dao with kong youde, Geng Zhongming, and Shang Kexi. Since Shuo Was unable to attack for a long time, Emperor Taiji ordered Azig, the king of Ying County, to take over, and Ao Bai was from the army. After repeated discussions with the generals, Azig drew up an offensive plan of dividing the troops into two routes and attacking the west from the east: one way from the sea in a frontal attack posture with giant ships, deliberately attracting the attention of the Ming army guarding the island; the other way, with light boats, rapid advance, straight into the key positions in the northwest corner of the island. The latter road was the key to this attack, and Ao Bai took the initiative to ask for help, and together with the quasi-tower, he issued a military order to Azig: "If I can't wait for this island, I will not come to see the king." Vows to return to The Island. ”
Ao Bai and Zhun Ta Sui led their troops across the sea to launch an attack, but unexpectedly, the Ming army was already waiting in a strict position, and for a while the artillery was fired at the same time, the Qing army's attack was frustrated, and the situation was urgent. Ao Bai bravely charged and rushed to the Ming position, braving artillery fire to engage in close combat with the enemy. The Qing army followed up in one fell swoop, landed on Phi Island, and raised fire to guide the main force to attack. Phi Don Conquered.
When the good news reached Shengjing, Emperor Taiji was overjoyed and personally wrote an offering to Nurhaci to comfort his father's spirit in heaven. Emperor Taiji believed that although Phi Dao was a simple island, the significance of conquering it was far more than occupying a major city, so he ordered that the generals be rewarded with preferential rewards. Ao Bai was promoted to the third rank of male with the first merit and was given the title of "Baturu" (warrior).
Jinzhou was an important military town of the Ming Dynasty in western Liaoning, when Liaodong had fallen, and Jinzhou's status was more prominent. To the south of Jinzhou City is Songshan City, southwest of Jinzhou is Xingshan City, southwest of Xingshan is Tashan City, and 200 miles west of Jinzhou is another important town of Ningyuan. These fortresses formed the Ming Dynasty's military defense system outside Guanxi. If the Qing army wanted to enter the Central Plains, it must first take the cities of Ning and Jin. A war between the Ming and Qing dynasties for Jinzhou was inevitable.
In the sixth year of Chongde (1641), Aobai entered Jinzhou from Prince Zheng Zilharang. The governor of Ming Jiliao, Hong Chengzu, led an army of 130,000 men to help, and in early August, he entered Songshan, echoed the Jinzhou defender Zu Dashoubu, set off a large number of firearms, and attacked the Qing army. Under the heavy artillery fire of the Ming army, the right wing of the Qing army commanded by Zilharang was defeated. Azig, the king of Wuying County, sent elite guards to reinforce. At that time, Ao Bai led the yellow flag to escort the army, and the road encountered the Ming cavalry, so he went head-on and defeated the other side. At this time, Ao Bai did not wait for military orders, and resolutely decided to take advantage of the victory to pursue, before hitting the Ming army's infantry position, so he ordered his subordinates to dismount and fight, and then defeated the Ming army. Aobai charged into the battlefield, won all five battles, and was promoted to the first class of Merle Zhangjing because of his merits. In August, Emperor Taiji personally led a large army to the west to aid the division of Jinzhou. Hong Chengzu commanded the Ming army to break through by separate routes, and the generals Wu Sangui, Wang Pu, Tang Tong, and others led the army to retreat along the coast. The Qing army intercepted and killed along the way from Jinzhou Road to Tashan Road. Aobai, Azig, Nikan and other troops lined up to intercept the sea, and the Ming army was defeated and collapsed. The Battle of Songjin was related to the survival of both the Ming and Qing dynasties. Since then, the ming dynasty's power has weakened even more, and the defeat has been decided. In June of the following year, Ao Bai was promoted to the commander of the Escort Army, becoming a figure of high status among the generals of the Eight Banners.
The Songjin Victory laid the foundation for the Qing army to enter the customs and seize the right to rule the whole country. Before and after entering the customs, Ao Bai still made great achievements in battle and frequent promotions.
After entering the customs, Aobai's main task was to pursue the peasant army. In October of the first year of Shunzhi (1644), Aobai accompanied the Jingyuan general Azig the Prince of Ying to attack Li Zicheng's peasant army, which had retreated to Xi'an, and led his army from Inner Mongolia into northern Shaanxi, captured four cities, surrendered thirty-eight cities, and then marched south. Later, Duo Duo led his army to attack Tongguan and approach Xi'an. Li Zicheng was forced to abandon Xi'an and retreat to Huguang. Azig was ordered to lead an army to eliminate the "remnants of the Liukou", and Aobai and others divided their divisions and marched on land and water, fighting thirteen battles in Dengzhou, Henan, and Chengtian, De'an, Wuchang, hubei, and other places, severely damaging the Dashun army. In June of the second year of Shunzhi (1645), Li Zicheng was killed at Jiugong Mountain in Hubei Province, and the Dashun army collapsed. The Qing army captured sixty-three cities in Henan, Huguang, Jiangxi, Nanjing and other places.
After defeating Li Zicheng, the Qing army began to deal with the Great Western Army. In the first month of the third year of Shunzhi (1646), Aobai accompanied Prince Hauge and others to lead an army to attack Zhang Xianzhong's peasant army in the west. When the Qing army learned that Zhang Xianzhong's army had retreated to the area of Xichong, Aobai once again acted as a vanguard and led the leading troops to sniper. When the two armies met, Ao Bai and the others were again the first soldiers and rushed forward. The Great Western Army could not resist and collapsed, and Zhang Xianzhong was also killed in this battle. The Qing army broke through more than 130 military fortifications in the Great West Army, beheaded tens of thousands of people, and obtained more than 12,200 horses and mules and livestock. After defeating the main force of the Great Western Army, Aobai and others continued to go deeper, basically eliminating the peasant army in Sichuan. The remnants of the Great Western Army, led by Sun Kewang and Li Dingguo, retreated to the Yungui region and continued to resist the Qing. Breaking the Great Western Army, Ao Bai was the first to do so.
Ao Bai was not only a member of the battlefield, but also a loyal confidant of Emperor Taiji.
In the eighth year of Chongde (1643), on the ninth day of August, Emperor Taiji died, and the Manchurian relatives were in conflict over the succession to the throne. Emperor Taiji's eldest son, Prince Su, Hauge, fought with Emperor Taiji's younger brother Dorgon. The yellow flag and yellow flag commanded by Emperor Taiji during his lifetime supported Hauge, while the white flag and white flag led by Dorgon himself supported Dorgon. The two sides are still fighting, and the situation is extremely grim.
The commander of the Yellow Banner Protector, Ao Bai, held a heavy army and became one of the central figures in this struggle for the throne. He and the other ministers of the two yellow flags, Sonny and Tan Tai, and eight other people gathered at hauge's mansion to "make an alliance together, willing to live and die", and plotted to support Prince Su as emperor. In view of the tense situation at that time, Ao Bai and others were on strict security, and secretly ordered soldiers to guard the gate in case of accidents.
On August 14, daizengon summoned a meeting to discuss the succession. In the early morning of the same day, Ao Bai and the two Yellow Banner Ministers allegiated with the Great Qing Gate, resolutely supported the son of Emperor Xian (Emperor Taiji), and ordered the elite protectors of the two banners to guard the Chongzheng Palace with full armament, and made preparations for the battle of the two banners. When there was a lot of debate in the meeting, Ao Bai and a group of generals loyal to the Emperor Taiji left their seats one after another, pressed their swords forward, and said in unison: "We courtiers eat the food of the former emperor and wear the clothes of the former emperor, and the ancestor emperor's nurturing grace to us is as high as the sky and the sea." If we don't have the son of the first emperor, we would rather die before the emperor underground! "In effect, dorgon was threatened by force not to covet the throne. In this situation, Dorgon had to make concessions, proposing to be succeeded by fu lin, the ninth son of Emperor Taiji, at the age of 6, and assisted by himself and Prince Zheng Zilharang. This compromise was ultimately accepted by both sides. Fu Lin took the throne and changed the next year to the first year of Shunzhi.
After the regency of Dorgon, the party was in the same vein and asserted its power and self-respect. The first thing he struck was his rival Haug and his supporters. Aobaiben was a staunch supporter of Hauge, and was not a vassal of Dolgun, and was also brutally attacked. During the regency of Dorgon, Aobai was persecuted three times.
The first occurred in the early years of Shunzhi. In the first year of Shunzhi, Aobai accompanied the British prince Azig to conquer Li Zicheng's Army of Dashun who had retreated to Shaanxi, and made great contributions. In August of the second year of Shunzhi, Azig was punished for not serving the class in time and lying about his military exploits. Azig was the uncle of the Shunzhi Emperor, who was rude and despised the little emperor, privately calling him "a widow". The Qing court ordered Zhenghuangqi Gushan Erzhen Tantai to gather the people together with the commander of the escort army, Ao Bai, and conveyed Azig's words "called shang a widow". Tan Tai took into account the affection of prince Ying and did not comply. Ao Bai also obeyed Tan Tai's words and did not carry out the edict, and as a result, not only did he not allow Li Zicheng's military merits to be discussed, but he was also fined 100 taels of silver. Later, Tan Tai and Sony had a vendetta against each other and attacked each other, and Ao Bai was once again convicted of protecting Sonny and was dismissed from his post several times.
The second occurred in the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648). In February of that year, the Hauge army that had conquered Zhang Xianzhong's Great Western Army triumphantly returned to Beijing. Counselor Xi Liang was punished for asking for a reward for his merits, and Ao Bai was also punished for investigating untruthfulness and was punished with "dismissal and a fine of 100 taels of silver." In March, Bei Zi Tunqi denounced the Zheng prince Zilharang of the various crimes of supporting Hauge the Prince of Su and later shielding Hauge. The conspiracy of the Aobai people to establish Prince Su was also reported at the same time. Dorgon used this to raise up the Great Prison and severely interrogate everyone. In the end, Ao Bai was sentenced to death on charges such as wanting to establish Hauge and swearing an oath with everyone, and was ordered to "punish himself for redemption." In April, the bodyguard Kuobusuo also denou accused Ao Bai of "sending soldiers to guard the gate without authorization" when Emperor Taiji died, and once again discussed death, reformed his post for the people, and was dismissed from his post. Although Ao Bai triumphed with great achievements, he was killed twice in just a few months, which shows the harshness of the blows he suffered and the embarrassment of his situation.
The third blow suffered by Ao bai was in the seventh year of Shunzhi (1650). In July of that year, Dorgon fell ill, suggesting that Beizi Xihan wanted to invite the Shunzhi Emperor to visit him in person, and Xihan adhered to his intention of "please come to the city", but Dorgon was guilty of "disobeying the order and blaspheming the request", and pursued the crime of Aobai's protection, and on death, he was later exempted from death and punished and demoted. In November of that year, Dorgon died, and Shunzhi was pro-government.
After Shunzhi pro-government, he heard that Aobai, Soni and others had sworn an oath to "be the lord with one heart, life and death together", loyal and loyal, so they had great respect for Aobai and regarded them as his confidants. From then on, Ao Bai accompanied Shunzhi and directly participated in the management of various state affairs, such as discussing the procedures for approving this chapter, contacting the Mongolian Horqin Ministry, the relationship between empress dowager Xiehe and the emperor, paying tribute to the concubines of deceased princes and princesses, assisting in the trial of cases and prisons, and advocating the "great parade to teach martial arts", teaching himself to train martial artists to ride and shoot, and so on. In the thirteenth year of Shunzhi (1656), Aobai's old wounds recurred and he was bedridden, and Shunzhi personally visited the Aobai mansion to visit and comfort him. In the winter of the fourteenth year of Shunzhi (1657), Empress Xiaozhuangwen (i.e., Emperor Taiji's wife Borjigit) became seriously ill and served the Marquis of Shunzhi. Ao Bai also waited in the palace day and night, but he could not take care of his own rest and eating, which was deeply appreciated by the Shunzhi Emperor.
On the eighth day of the first lunar month of the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661), the young Fu Lin died. Shunzhi issued a testament, designating the third son of the emperor, Xuan Ye (i.e., the Kangxi Emperor), with Sonny, Suksaha, Shubilong, and Aobai as auxiliary ministers. After Shunzhi's death, the four auxiliary ministers once made an oath in front of Shunzhi Ling, expressing their solidarity with one heart and one mind to assist the little emperor Xuan Ye. Although this oath of alliance is of great significance, it turns out that the four ministers cannot hold together and be loyal to the Lord.
Sony, who ranked first among the four auxiliary ministers, was the elder of the four dynasties and had a grand position, but he was old and sickly, afraid of things and avoided disasters, and often neglected to ask questions on many things. Suksaha belongs to the White Banner and was originally attached to Dolgun. After Dorgon's death, the situation changed, and Suksaha came out to denounce Dorgon, who had just died, so he was used by Shunzhi and ranked second among the four assistant ministers. Since Suksaha was split from Dorgon's side, Sony and the others looked down on him. Although Aobai and Suksaha are in-laws, the two often argue over political disagreements, like enemies. The third-ranked Shu bilong came from a famous family, but he was a coward, had no opinion when things happened, and belonged to the yellow flag, and often echoed the worship. Although Ao Bai ranked last among the four auxiliary ministers, due to his old qualifications, high military merit, and often imposing momentum, he was able to assert his power and respect himself, became more and more arrogant, and began to embark on the road of dictatorship.
Fei Yanggu's son, Wu He, was Kangxi's bodyguard and behaved rudely to Ao Bai in front of the imperial court, and Ao Bai deeply resented this. In April of the third year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1664), Aobai was executed for riding imperial horses and shooting deer with a bow. Feyangu was deeply resentful of Aobai, and Aobai executed him and his sons Nikan and Sakhalian on the charge of "resentment", and the family property was not given to the governor Mulima (Aobai's brother). Feyangu was devastated by the destruction of his family. However, Aobai's miscalculation of this attempt to strike Suksaha directly led to his own downfall.
Ao Bai did not expect that three officials who were not afraid of death would dare to disobey their request to change the land. He was extremely angry with Shangshu Sunahai of Hubu, Zhu Changzuo, the governor of Hubu, and Wang Denglian, the governor of The Directly Subordinate Governor, and the three people who were directly subordinate to him, and respectively, they were sentenced to death on the charge that Sunahai "despised the upper order" and made a delay in allocating the land, and Zhu Changzuo and Wang Denglian were accused of "making more misconduct.". Although Kangxi was young, he knew that Sunahai and the other three were not guilty of any serious crime, but were only falsely accused of provoking Aobai, so he summoned the four ministers of the auxiliary government to inquire for advice. Aobai insisted that the three be sentenced to capital punishment, and Sonny and Thibilon agreed, and Suksaha knew that if he opposed it, he would easily provoke fire, so he had to remain silent. However, the little emperor did not allow Aobai to play the song, but only approved the punishment drawn up by the Punishment Department, that is, the three people were whipped for one hundred each and the family property was confiscated. Ao Bai was blatantly unscrupulous and eventually ordered the three men to be executed. Then, Ao Bai forcibly changed the ground.
In June of the sixth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1667), Sony fell ill and died. Although Sony was unable to contain Aobai's power before his death, a move before his death caused a good turnaround in solving the problem of Aobai behind him. In this year, the little emperor Xuan Ye had turned 14 years old. Sony wrote to the young emperor to follow the precedent of the 14-year-old pro-government of the former emperor Shunzhi and begin to pro-government. In July, Kangxi pro-government, Garn auxiliary minister, still ordered Zuo to take charge of the government. The emperor was already in charge, but he could not deal with the threat of Aobai, so Suksaha requested that he be relieved of his post as an auxiliary minister, willing to go to Zunhua to guard the Shunzhi Mausoleum. This move is not meaningful, that is, since Suksaha has stepped down (by this time he is already ranked first), then Aobai and Shubilong should also resign. This trick touched the crux of Aobai, but Aobai did not want to withdraw from the political arena like this. Therefore, Ao Bai woven 24 crimes for Suksaharo, such as treachery, long-term ambition, defiance of young lords, and unwillingness to return to the government, and proposed that he should be punished with the punishment of Ling Chi and clan punishment. Kangxi also knew that Suksaha should not be killed, and although he was already pro-government, he was still powerless to save Suksaha's life. Ao Bai was so fierce that he "marched forward with his arms in front of the emperor and played a strong day", and finally sentenced Suksaha to death by hanging and reprimanded his people. The killing of Suksaha caused a sharp rise in the conflict between Aobai and Kangxi.
At this point, Soni is dead, Suksaha is killed, and the four auxiliary ministers are left with only one insignificant Shubilon, and Aobai is even more unscrupulous and does whatever he wants. Although Kangxi was already in power, Aobai did not want to return to him. Bai Jin, a French missionary who was in the Kangxi court at the time, recorded: "When Kangxi was fifteen or sixteen years old, the most powerful chancellor of the four regents (i.e., Aobai) controlled the real power of the Council of Ministers and the Six Ministries, and arbitrarily exercised the authority of the Kangxi Emperor, so no one had the courage to object to him. At this time, Aobai had already posed a serious threat to Kangxi's imperial power.
Kangxi was determined to eliminate the Aobai clique. Aobai's henchmen are already all over the imperial court and abroad, and if they are not careful, they will surely strike grass and snakes and cause great changes. Kangxi decided not to show his face, so he selected a group of strong and strong sons of the nobles to practice Buku all day in the palace. When Ao saw him, he thought that the emperor was young and indulged in fun, not only did he not think it was a big deal, but he was secretly happy in his heart. In May of the eighth year of Kangxi (1669), Kangxi first sent Aobai's cronies to various places, left the capital, and then used his own cronies to control the garrison of the Capital Division. Then he summoned Ao bai into the palace for a visit. Ao Bai had often been in and out of the court before, and he was not surprised. This time, he came without any warning. Earlier, Kangxi summoned the young guards around him who were practicing Buku and said, "You are all the humerals of Yuan, are you afraid of Yuan, or are you afraid of Ao Bai?" Everyone said, "I'm afraid of the emperor." Kangxi then arranged for the arrest of Aobai. When Ao Bai entered the palace, Kangxi gave an order, and the teenagers rushed up, and Ao Bai was caught off guard, and was thrown to the ground, and his hands were tied.
Then, Kangxi ordered the chancellor and other ministers to interrogate Ao bai. After the ministers tried the facts, they announced that Ao bai had 30 counts and should be dismissed from his post and beheaded. According to the French missionary Bai Jin, at that time, Ao Bai asked to see Kangxi and let Kangxi see the scars left by him to save Kangxi's grandfather, Emperor Taiji. As a result, the accumulated scars and the merits of the previous two generations of emperors finally saved his life. Kangxi remembered that Ao Bai was senior and had made many military achievements, and there was no sign of usurpation, so he was treated leniently to avoid death and imprisonment. Its henchmen are either dead or revolutionary. Soon after, Aobai died in the forbidden place and died in the eighth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1669).