Whenever there is chaos, there will be some tyrants, and this is also the case in the Republic of China period, and Ma Zhanshan is a very typical representative. Ma Zhanshan was born in 1885 in Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province, in the last year of Qianlong, the early years of Daoguang, hebei Province, Shandong, hebei province, natural disasters and man-made disasters are frequent, the people are not happy, in order to survive, a large number of refugees poured into the northeast. Ma Zhanshan's grandfather broke into the Kanto at this time.
Ma Zhanshan's physique was very weak when he was young, but he underwent the tempering of a difficult life since he was a child, and developed a strong and stubborn character, and his courage was outstanding. When Ma Zhanshan was young, he grazed for some rich Mongolians and learned a riding and shooting skill, his riding and shooting skills were very skilled, and even the fiercest horses could be tamed, which became his later horse to fight the world.
In 1903, the 19-year-old Ma Zhanshan went to the home of a landlord surnamed Jiang, who was very powerful, not only had a large area of land and herds of cattle and sheep in the village, but also had many industries in the county seat. Once, when Ma Zhanshan lost a horse while herding it, the landlord insisted that he had sold the horse, and also tied up Ma Zhanshan and sent it to the police station. After Ma Zhanshan was released, the landlord's horse came back, but Ma Zhanshan's father was afraid of the landlord's family's power and did not dare to make a sound.
Ma Zhanshan was not a man to be slaughtered, he went up the mountain in a fit of anger and became a bandit. Ma Zhanshan had good marksmanship, could fight and fight, and knew how to win people's hearts, and soon became the leader of the bandits. After Ma Zhanshan became the leader of the bandits, the first thing he did was to go down the mountain and beat up the landlord who bullied him, Ma Zhanshan was not the lord of indiscriminate killing, so he did not kill him.
Ma Zhanshan's bandits were strictly disciplined and never killed innocents indiscriminately, so they were very popular with the local people, and then Ma Zhanshan gradually grew stronger in the process of fighting with officers and soldiers, Japanese, and Russians. In 1905, after the end of the Russo-Japanese War, the northeast was in a state of chaos and almost anarchy, and in order to restore local rule in the northeast, the Qing government began to incorporate local vigilante groups and good men who were willing to submit to the green forest to enrich local armed forces and maintain local order.
In 1908, Ma Zhanshan's troops were incorporated by Zhang Xun. In 1911, Ma Zhanshan was again appreciated by Wu Junsheng, commander of the Fengtianhou Road Patrol Battalion of the Qing Army, and assigned him to his command, and later with Wu Junsheng's rise, Ma Zhanshan also rose straight up, successively serving as a company commander, battalion commander, brigade commander and other positions. After Guo Songling's failure to oppose the feng, Zhang Zuolin rewarded meritorious personnel, and Ma Zhanshan was promoted to commander of the cavalry division, and later promoted to lieutenant general of the second cavalry army. In 1928, Zhang Xueliang reorganized the Northeast Army, the army was downsized into a brigade, and Ma Zhanshan changed from the commander of the Second Cavalry Army to the commander of the Third Infantry Brigade, with the rank of lieutenant general, and then concurrently served as the commander of the Heihe Garrison.
The September 18 Incident of 1931 changed the situation in northeast China, the fate of China, and the fate of Ma Zhanshan. After the Japanese captured Fengtian, they immediately launched an attack on Heilongjiang Province, believing that only by occupying Heilongjiang Province could they occupy the entire northeast. Heilongjiang and Jilin, Liaoning are different, Jilin, Liaoning and liaoning provinces have the strength of the Japanese army, as well as a considerable number of Japanese expatriates, but Heilongjiang not only does not have the Kwantung Army's railway garrison, even Japanese overseas Chinese are very rare.
In addition, Heilongjiang also has a Russian-controlled Middle East railway trunk line, Russia and the Japanese are feuds, the Japanese army knows that the Soviet Union at this time is far more powerful than Tsarist Russia, must take into account the interests of the Soviets. In addition, the Northeast Army of Heilongjiang Province can not be underestimated, the Northeast Army stationed in Heilongjiang five provincial defense brigades, the total strength of more than 30,000 people, and are stationed in key areas, the strength can not be underestimated.
On September 28, 1931, after the Japanese armored vehicles reached Taonan, the gateway to northern Manchuria, the commander of the Kwantung Army, Honjo Fan, ordered the troops to stop advancing, and he asked Zhang Haipeng's traitorous troops to take the lead. Zhang Haipeng was also born as a bandit, and his seniority in the Northeast Army was higher than that of Ma Zhanshan, and he served as the defender of Taoliao Town in Liaoning Province and the commander of the 32nd Division of the Northeast Cavalry during the September 18 Incident. After the September 18 Incident, Zhang Haipeng immediately became a lackey of the Japanese, and with the support of the Japanese, launched a large-scale attack on Heilongjiang.
Before Zhang Haipeng rebelled, Wan Guobin, director of the Northeast Taonan Railway Bureau, immediately ordered all vehicles to be transferred to Angxi, and Xie Ke, chief of staff of the Heilongjiang Provincial Border Defense Army, ordered all units to enter various strategic places, build fortifications, and prepare to counterattack the attack of the Japanese army and puppet troops.
On October 10, in order to cope with the attack of the Japanese army and Zhang Haipeng's troops, Zhang Xueliang appointed Ma Zhanshan as the chairman of Heilongjiang Province and the military commander-in-chief, presiding over the military administration of Heilongjiang Province and resisting the attack of the Japanese army and puppet troops. After Ma Zhanshan took office, he immediately rushed to Qiqihar, the capital of Heilongjiang Province at that time.
As soon as Ma Zhanshan arrived in Qiqihar, a telegram came from the front: "On the 16th of this month, more than 7,000 people from Zhang Xianghaipeng attacked Heilongjiang Province in a large scale. Immediately afterward, news came from Harbin that Zhang Jinghui, a veteran figure in the Northeast Army, had defected to the enemy and established a public order maintenance association in Harbin. Ma Zhanshan's attitude was very tough, and after taking office, in order to enrich the military force, Heung-san appointed Park Bingshan as the commander of the Heilongjiang Provincial Garrison, and recruited a regiment of infantry to enrich the strength of the provincial defense army.
The Japanese did not give up their co-optation of Ma Zhanshan, and Shimizu 801, a diplomat at the Japanese Consulate in Qiqihar, blended into Ma Zhanshan's inauguration ceremony and heard Ma Zhanshan's speech at the inauguration ceremony. But he was still not dead-hearted, came to the provincial capital to see Ma Zhanshan, Qing Shui Eight Hundred and One soft and hard, wanted to force Ma Zhanshan to surrender, Ma Zhanshan was with him, and finally gave him a loan in advance, Qing Shui Eight Hundred thought that Ma Zhanshan's attitude had changed, asked him what he wanted money for, Ma Zhanshan replied: I need money to fight, I have no money, I have to buy guns and cannons to beat you!
On October 16, 1931, Zhang Haipeng, a traitor who was anxious to make a meritorious contribution, led his troops to attack the Nenjiang River Bridge, and Ma Zhanshan led his troops to defeat it. On November 4, 1931, Hamamoto Kinzaburo Daisaku, commander of the 16th Wing of the Japanese Second Division, led the 2nd Infantry Brigade, the 2nd Field Artillery Brigade, and the 2nd Engineer Squadron, under the cover of five aircraft, to attack the Chinese defenders stationed at Jiangqiao.
In the face of the Japanese attack, the Wu Delin Regiment and the Xu Baozhen Regiment of the Second Infantry Brigade desperately resisted until the reinforcements of the 1st Regiment of the 1st Infantry Brigade arrived. In this day's war, the Japanese army once increased its strength to 4,000 people, as well as seven aircraft, dozens of artillery, and 4 armored vehicles to assist in the battle, but it was still annihilated by the defenders of Ma Zhanshan, more than 1,000 people, captured hundreds of rifles, more than 20 machine guns, and tens of thousands of rounds of ammunition, and the Northeast Army also suffered more than 300 casualties.
The first battle of Jiangqiao shocked the whole country, shocked the whole world, and shocked all of Japan, and the name of Ma Zhanshan also spread throughout the country and the whole world, and all parts of the country enthusiastically donated money and materials to support the frontline operations. Ma Zhanshan's troops also became more and more courageous in the Vietnam War, November 5, Hara
Director of Shenyang Municipal Public Security Bureau
Huang Xiansheng led his troops to attack the Japanese airfield in Shenyang, destroying more than 10 Japanese fighters and containing the Japanese attack.
Before 5 November, Ma gathered five regiments and surrounded Hamamoto Kinzaburo Daisa's 16th Wing, inflicting heavy damage on them. However, due to the timely arrival of the 29th Wing of the Japanese Second Division, it was unable to completely annihilate it. In this day's battle, the Chinese army suffered more than 200 casualties, the Japanese army died 167 people, wounded more than 600 people, and the puppet army died more than 700 people.
While Ma Zhanshan led his troops and the Japanese army to fight for blood, Chiang Kai-shek of the Nanjing government paid no attention to Ma Zhanshan's anti-Japanese behavior. As a result, the Japanese army continued to increase its troops, and Ma Zhanshan fought alone, suffering heavy casualties. On November 14, Ma Zhanshan asked Zhang Xueliang for help, asking the 300,000 Northeast Army in Guannei and his inside and outside attacks to repel the Japanese army and recover the lost territory, but there was no reply.
At 6:00 a.m. on November 17, Lieutenant General DomonJiro, commander of the Japanese Second Division, commanded more than 30,000 people and launched an attack on the Chinese army in three ways. At this time, the main force of the Japanese army in the northeast has all been attracted to Heilongjiang by Ma Zhanshan, and the Chinese defenders at that time only had more than 4,000 people, they blocked the Japanese army's charge more than ten times, fierce fighting until the early morning of the 18th, the defenders suffered heavy casualties, and could no longer stop the Japanese attack, Ma Zhanshan issued a general retreat order.
On November 21, Ma Zhanshan led the remnants to Helen, a small county town in northern Heilongjiang. After Ma Zhanshan retreated to Helen, the Japanese army continued to send people to tentatively persuade them to surrender, but to the japanese, Ma Zhanshan, who killed 4,000 Japanese troops at Jiangqiao, agreed. However, Ma Zhanshan this time is a fraudulent surrender, he is a bandit, only look at the final result, do not care about the process, Ma Zhanshan fraudulently surrendered to become the chairman of the pseudo-Heilongjiang Province, he used his position to empty the Heilongjiang Provincial Treasury, secretly using 12 cars, 6 cars, 24 million payments, more than 300 war horses and some other military materials were transported away.
After raising huge sums of money, Ma Zhanshan raised another 7,000 troops, and he reorganized these troops into three infantry brigades, each equipped with 40 machine guns and 5 cannons. In order to fight the Japanese for a long time, Ma Zhanshan expanded his armament, and also recruited bandits and various volunteer troops, and once developed a force of more than 50,000 people. In less than half a year, Ma Zhanshan led his troops to inflict heavy blows on the Japanese army many times, greatly destroying the arrogance of the Japanese army. Later, due to the defeat in the war, he retreated to the territory of the Soviet Union.
In 1933, Ma Zhanshan returned to Shanghai from the Soviet Union and met with Chiang Kai-shek three times to ask him to resist the war. After the outbreak of the All-out War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in 1937, Ma Zhanshan once again led his troops to fight in Baotou, Wuyuan, Suiyuan and other places. During the Liberation War, Chiang Kai-shek repeatedly entrusted Ma Zhanshan with important posts, but Ma Zhanshan was unwilling to fight a civil war and did not arrive at his post. On November 29, 1950, Ma Zhanshan died of illness in his Beijing apartment at the age of 65.