Ma Wenbiao, who saw the year of the wind candle, was on the sickbed under his eaves, his legs were incapacitated, his trembling hands could not hold the cup, and he drank tea with an old teapot, and it was difficult to speak, and the sentences were not long but coherent. He tearfully told us the story of his Long March.
One
Ma Wenbiao was born in 1921 in Tongjiang, Sichuan, his original surname was Chen, and his name was Chen Wenbiao. In his memory, when he was a child, the family was large, and the Bashan Shushui could not feed this industrious family. At that time, Sichuan's warlords Liu Xiang, Yang Sen, Tian Songyao and other warlords cut up land and enriched themselves in this "country of heavenly capital", and the large and small "stick old two" (Sichuan native "bandits") robbed their homes and kidnapped and killed people. The harm of opium, especially in Sichuan, ten rooms and nine yi, there will be a tobacco house, three people walking together, there will be addicts. Some unemployed displaced people organized themselves to "catch fat pigs" (Sichuan dialect "eat big households"), and the amount of harsh miscellaneous taxes was too much to be clear.
One year, the Red Army came to the northeast to southeast of Sichuan. The Red Army is really a detachment of the poor, and the goodness of the poor cannot be exhausted. At that time, the people of Bashan, who liked to sing mountain songs, had a song singing about the Red Army: "Comrades of the Red Army come from afar / Three more out of the sun in the middle of the night / One dozen tigers, two dozen wolves / Poor people's palm prints sit in heaven / Which to do this happy event?" Bashan came xu xiangqian. "The Red Army is strictly disciplined, treats people kindly, and gives preferential treatment to the families of those who join the Red Army. Where the Red power was established, the fields of the families of the Red Army were planted with the help of the substitute ploughing teams organized by the Soviets, and if the soldiers died, they took great care of the families of the Red Army in terms of economy and livelihood. Therefore, Ma Wenbiao's second and third brothers all joined the Red Fourth Front led by Xu Qianqian, and under the leadership of his brothers, Ma Wenbiao, who was 12 years old, joined the guerrillas and Red Guards, and later joined the Red Fourth Front, serving as a hygienist in the vanguard of the Red Army. There was a lot of fighting at that time, he bandaged the wounds of the wounded in the line of fire, carried the wounded from the battlefield, cared for the wounded and sick in the frontline hospital... In the eyes of 80-year-old Ma Wenbiao, all this is so far away and close.
"The most memorable thing in my life is the nine armies that have fought with us, Liu Xiang's battle mouth is very hard, and Ma Jiajun is very fierce..." What surprised me was that the old man said in one breath the names of the leaders of the Kuomintang army who fought against the Red Fourth Front army from Sichuan to Hexi in Gansu: "Tian Songyao, Deng Xihou, Liu Xiang, Liu Wenhui, Xue Bing, Lu Dachang, Hu Zongnan, Ma Buqing, Ma Bufang..." After saying this, the old man also added: "Xue Bing blocked on the edge of the Yangtze River (the Battle of Jianmen Pass on the Jialing River), and Ma Buqing blocked on the edge of the Yellow River." In his memory of bandaging and nursing wounded soldiers, the most tragic thing is that a company commander actually let the shell blow off half of his face and shouted with a gun.
Crossing the Jialing River to the northwest of Sichuan, the Long March of the Red Fourth Front began. Ma Wenbiao carried bandages and medicines, and backpacks of sixty or seventy pounds, and marched with the team. Although he was young, he knew that this was the party's task, never cried bitterly, thought that it must be completed, and had a firm belief in his heart and a strong will. Walking through thousands of mountains and rivers, countless rivers have been crossed, and the black and white rivers on the grassland are cold to the bone, and I still remember it vividly.
Two
He couldn't remember which snowy mountain it was, but he remembered that the fierce wind was blowing through the ice and snow, making people's faces tingle, and sometimes the wind would overturn people. When the wind blew, everyone hurried to lie in the snow; the wind was a little smaller, and they got up and walked again. The snow-capped mountains were freezing and shivering. The warriors felt the height of the mountain by the thickness of the snow, and the higher the mountain, the thicker the snow. In some places, the snow was waist-deep, and it was difficult to walk empty, but the medicines and bandages on Ma Wenbiao's back were things that could save the lives of the Red Army, and not a single thing could be lost.
"A fierce wind swept in, and the cooker who was walking in front of me with the pot on his back suddenly swept away like a roll of snowflakes, fell into a deep ditch, scraped away, scraped away..." The old man said this, crying silently, and whimpering for nearly 40 seconds without making a sound.
When crossing the grass, I was so hungry that my limbs were weak. In addition, the grass swayed like a thin powder, and I was very afraid, and if I was not careful, I would fall into the thin mud and sink down. Everyone has only one belief: follow the team and cannot be left behind. Grassroots and soles are eaten, but not much, as long as one person can eat a bite will have a little strength. Belts and gun belts are eaten, sticks are used when crossing the grass, and in addition to exploring the road, there is no firewood to burn when camping. The belt was charred on the fire and put into his mouth impatiently, and all of a sudden, the lips and the burned belt stuck together, breaking the lips and bleeding.
Out of the meadow, into the Min Mountain, at the Erlang Mountain in Min County, he was besieged by Lu Dachang's army for nearly a month. The fighting was not too fierce, but casualties were daily. Once, when the wounded were lifted, his own leg was also injured, and he endured the pain and bandaged it. The seriously wounded will give a few silver dollars as living expenses when the team is pulled out, and stay in the homes of the people.
"The Battle of Huajialing was too vicious, Hu Zongnan's mouth was very hard, and many people died. Several planes were bombarded over and over, and the wounded soldiers were miserable, and the tragic appearance when bandaging them..." At this point, the old man was once again sad and contemplative.
Three
From Jingyuan across the Yellow River, the central government renamed the Red Fourth Front army the Western Route Army. Later, ma Buqing's troops were encountered, and the Red 9th Army was surrounded in Gulang, and the Red 30th Army came to meet it. The main force of the Red 30 Army fought a beautiful battle with the Ma Family Army. After the two armies broke through, they fought another vicious battle at Yongchang. Medicines, bandages, food and especially ammunition are becoming less and less. So many people, fighting guerrilla warfare in the cold winter months, everyone dressed thinly. The wind and sand in Hexi were so big that people couldn't open their eyes, and the broad bean-like stones were rolled up by the wind and hit people like bullets. The Red Army team traveled a long way in the face of cold wind and sand, and it was extremely difficult to walk. As soon as it was time for rest, the hygienists burned the needles red and gave the soldiers a bubble on their feet. Near Shandan, the Ma family's cavalry pursued it fiercely, and the Ma family army also called Chiang Kai-shek's plane to bomb it. The troops were greatly reduced, the seriously wounded and sick were too late to take them away when they retreated, there was no rear base, and there was no place to relocate them, and most of these wounded were chased by the Ma family army and killed. The lightly wounded tried to keep up with the troops.
"That year, the 5th Army invaded Gaotai." The old man said that the year was the 30th month of 1936 (around February 1937 in the solar calendar). The Red 5th Army continued westward from Shandan, and the Majia Army cavalry once again attacked the Red Fifth Army. On the first and second day of the first lunar month, on the occasion of the New Year's Day, the Red Army attacked the high platform with a borrowed ladder. There were only two companies of cavalry defending the city, and they abandoned the city and fled. More than 1,000 militia regiments surrendered, most of which were absorbed by the Red Army. The number of people stationed in Gaotai by the 5th Army, including Dong Zhentang and other major leaders, was only more than 3,000. As soon as I entered the city, I raised money for grain and made cotton clothes. After only a few days, the Ma family army that followed behind surrounded the county town. In addition to the militia, the enemy had three brigades, Han Qigong, Ma Biao, and Ma Fu. The colors of the horses of each brigade are different, including red horses, black horses, and flower horses. At that time, the Red Army troops had very few bullets, an average of five rounds per person.
After a few days of attack by the Ma family army, the Red Army was no longer able to do so, and the militia soldiers absorbed were not easy to fight. Ma Wenbiao was wounded again while bandaging the wounded at the gates of Gaotai City. At this time, the two sides killed the red eye, and after each repulsion of the Ma family army, the red army also killed the wounded of the Ma family army. Because the enemy was outnumbered, the logistics department, political workers, and men and women cadres and fighters of the garment factories guarding the high platform all threw themselves into battle. Ma Wenbiao was badly injured and unable to move, crawling in the pile of dead people. Later, the county seat was breached, and "the commander Dong Zhentang, the deputy commander Yang Keming, and the cadres of the military, division, and regimental headquarters all died." For the leaders of the 5th Army, the old man remembered clearly that only Yang Keming was the director of the political department of the Red 5th Army, and the old man remembered as the deputy commander. In this battle, the main forces of the 5th Army were all destroyed. He "crawled in the pile of dead men for three days." There were red army and ma jiajun who died, and it was impossible to tell the difference. "The old man said this detail several times, and every time he said this, he couldn't cry.
Four
When Ma Jiajun cleaned up the battlefield, he found Ma Wenbiao, who was still angry. Ma Jiajun killed prisoners. Ma Wenbiao had no fear of death at that time, but after Master Hu was wounded and caught, the enemy cut his abdomen and pumped his intestines, which stimulated him deeply. Whenever he talked about pumping his intestines, he burst into tears. After many officers and men of the Red Army were killed, they filled in the pits, and before filling the pits, they did not care whether they were dead or alive, and then one person made up a knife. The enemy escorted Ma Wenbiao to the edge of the pit, and seeing that it was his turn, a small officer of the Sala militia said, "This gava will be my son." "This vigilante officer is the nephew of a division commander of Ma Jiajun, and with a bit of background, Ma Wenbiao left a life (his original name was Chen Wenbiao, and from this time on he changed to the surname of this petty officer, called Ma Wenbiao). Later, he was given to a relative of the man's family as a hand man (long-term worker), because he really could not stand the scolding, especially the opening of the mouth is "this little communist, with the communists to the bone", for a defeated Red Army is worse than being beaten. Later, he found an opportunity to escape from that home and wandered to the desert mud ditch in Linxia County, where he lived in seclusion.
New China was founded, and the world became the world of our own people. As an old Red Army soldier, he was ahead of everything, actively assisting the government in catching the counter-revolutionaries who had slipped through the net during the suppression and suppression of rebellion. When the agricultural society was established, he served as the leader of the agricultural group, the village chief, the administrative director and the inspection director of the society. "From the time I joined the Red Army, I did not fall behind in every task entrusted to me by the Party, and I completed it on time, and that was it, I did not join the Party."
All three of his brothers became Red Army soldiers, and later the two brothers were not heard from, probably sacrificed. Over the decades, his Sichuan accent gradually changed to a Linxia accent, becoming an authentic Linxia person. He and a few Red Army soldiers on the West Road who were wandering in Linxia were constantly in contact with each other as brothers and sisters, and now many of them have passed away. "I'm also sick, and 'impermanence' is sooner or later."
Since the 1980s, after the state officially recognized the displaced personnel of the West Road Red Army as the West Road Red Army, each person was issued a glorious certificate, Ma Wenbiao's honor certificate number was 0427; at the same time, a living allowance was issued, and the living expenses of tens of yuan per person per month rose to 600 yuan in 2003, and stipulated that the actual reimbursement of the drug cost was reimbursed. Leaders came to offer condolences during the festival and the "August 1st" Founding Day.
The old man's wife passed away in the first month of this year, and now the old man lives with his young son. My son is a village teacher. Several children are very painful to the old man, during the day to carry the old man outside the house, on the bed under the eaves of the sun, to the old man to bring hot soup and hot water.