Guo Zehu (1882-1947), also spelled Xiaolu and Houyun of Fujian Province (present-day Fuzhou), was a representative and leading figure of the Min school of poets who enjoyed a reputation in the Poetry Circles of Beijing and Tianjin in the 1920s and 1930s. Guo's cool lover of chanting, has organized or participated in a number of poetry clubs, word clubs, and some Qing Dynasty relics and cultural celebrities sing and sing harmony, and his residence in Tianjin , Xulou is the first choice for poets to feast and drink, elegant collection, and his local wine meeting is quite prosperous, which can be called a generation of good stories.
As early as the autumn of 1921, Guo Zehuan purchased a property in the then Italian Concession of Tianjin, Sima Road (now Guangfu Road), thinking that it was a place of refuge and was named Xulou. In the following year, the Guo family went down with Xu Shichang, that is, officially moved to The Building. Guo Zehu soon made several like-minded friends in Tianjin, and often feasted with them, gathered and talked, and gradually became acquainted. In the summer of 1925, the Guo clan expanded the building as a place for their gathering and play, and he wrote about it in his self-defined annals: "It is Xia, and the rafters are built in the building, which is a place for feasting, a gap in the garden, a stone to make up flowers, a pavilion and a pond, suitable for walking." Guo Zehuan initially named the place "Skinny Biyi", and his friend Li Fang suggested renaming it "Han Biyi" and entrusted the famous calligrapher Wei Jian to write a plaque for Guo.
Guo Zehuan
Poetry bells, gifts and rhymes
In early 1925, puyi, the Sun Emperor who had been expelled from the Forbidden City, moved from Beijing to ZhangYuan in the Japanese concession of Tianjin, and a group of literati attendants around him followed, including Zheng Xiaoxu. Because Zheng and Guo were fellow villagers of Fujian nationality, and they both regarded themselves as "remnants of the Sheng Dynasty", they liked to dance and ink and sing poetry in their spare time, so they naturally approached each other and began to interact frequently. For example, on September 30 of this year, Zheng Xiaoxu's diary recorded:
At night, go to Guo Xiaolu's covenant, the number "Xulou Yinji", Han'an, Shuyi, Qinchu, Lizhi are seated, and Liu Qiaoshan, Yang Weiyun, and Ren Zhongwen are newly met. Compose a poem bell, "year", "belt" second word, Man Shuyun: "Make Nian Dai County push the ephemeris, such as with the Yellow River to carry the oath." ”
This meeting of the Xuanlou Yin gathered Chen Baochen (号弢庵), Chen Yan (Zi Shuyi), and Zheng Xiaoxu, three Fujian poets, and the Min people were good at playing for the poetry bell, so the meeting of the poetry bell was often held in the Xulou at that time, which can also be confirmed from the diary of Guo Zengjiao, the father of Guo Zehuan. The Diary of Ying Lu (1928) in the 23rd diary of March said: "In the afternoon, about Lao Lao, Qin Chu, Zi Shen, Jun Cheng, Dong Bo, Zi You, Pei Cheng, You Chen, Gong Yu, Wei Yun, and Li Zhi Jun, in the fables, sang the second song of the poem. At that time, Guo Zengzhong was staying in the home of his son Guo Zehuan, so the poetry bell meeting recruited by Guo's father and son was still held in the Xulou Building, and the participants were Chen Baochen, Hu Siyi (Zi Qinchu), Li Ru (Zi Zi Shen), Char Chong (Zi Juncheng) and others, but the diary was relatively brief, and the specific singing, form and content of this poetry meeting are unknown.
At the end of the year of the Ugly Year (1925), Zheng Xiaoxu also wrote a poem "Guo Xiaolu Beckons drinking in the middle of the fast":
The chaotic world can not be easy, envy the king huaiguo dream of the first return. The poems are tired, and the wine is half-mad and mournful. The short bed moved to the book pillow, and the virtual corridor was shi Cuiwei. Ordinary people know each other, but they cherish the hegemony of the Slovaks.
In the poems of the Zheng family, he first expressed his envy and sympathy for Guo Zehu to have a stable place to live in the chaotic world, and often expressed his envy and sympathy through poetry and wine to relieve the bitterness of the heart, and then depicted the humanistic environment and elegant scenery such as the book pillow and the corridor rockery inside the building, which not only highlighted the elegance of the master, but also showed that this was indeed a good place for them to discuss and exchange art and literature among the relict literati, and the last sentence "but for the Si people to cherish the hegemony" showed his regret that although Guo Shi was talented, he could not be used by the world. There was some irony in persuading Guo Zehuan to leave the study hall and engage in the great cause of restoring the Qing Dynasty with him.
On the seventh day of the first lunar month in the following year (1926), as the traditional day of people, Guo's father and son, Chen Baochen, Zheng Xiaoxu and others gathered again to feast and drink in the Building, and the table was divided into rhymes and poems, and Zheng Xiaoxu was assigned the word "Qi", and the poems were as follows:
Ethyl Unitary Jin tour lord Luo Shi, a few good words of reasoning. He had only been in the shogunate for a few months, and he had to sleep together. Forty years have come and gone, and this year's years are here. Yu Yuan's cold days followed several times, and he was worried and enlightened. The human day can summon guests and avoid many soldiers for a while. Looking back at the dust and sorrows before, Luo Yan Li Yu was a ghost. The man in his eyes is old, and the world is difficult to stop. The wine line sits on each sad song, Chen Guo Shiweng who dares to prepare?
The "Chen Guo Shi Weng" in the poem refers to Chen Baochen and Guo Zengzhong, two poets, and Zheng Shi humbles himself and does not dare to compete with them. Let's take a look at Guo Zengjiao's "Wang" rhyme poem this time:
The Jackals are chaotic in the Central Plains, and there are many seas in the public. Ryz is full of joy and elegance. When Wang Chun re-appointed him, he lost his grip for a long time. Qiao sheng is empty to people, and the ming is bitter. Shaoling rewarded Shu Prefecture and felt sorry for his death. Retreat to the south of the city, let go from the frank. After I was born to the ancients, I became a rambling wave with the world. The water blocked the south map, and the land sank and looked north. Qiu Qiu and Ling Chen, Yang Chun listened to the high singing. River flower inches pipe residue, Ande dry weather?
Compared with the poems of Zheng and Guo, from the perspective of form, they are all long ancient poems, but one is seven words, one is five words; one main narrative and one main discussion can be said to be good at winning the field and it is difficult to distinguish between xuan. At the same time, their poems show the same emotional tone, that is, they express extreme dissatisfaction and even hatred for the political chaos and warlord scuffles at that time, and these remnants of the country who have been hated by the subjugation of the country can only shelter the concession to escape the war, and cannot realize their ambitions of the kuangshi people, but only use the poetry in front of them to express their inner distress and express their hope for the future.
Ice Society Set
In addition to Zheng Xiaoxu and Chen Baochen, the poets who frequented the Building at that time were Li Fang, Char Chong, Li Ru, Bai Tingkui and others, who and Guo Zehuan "went to the most in agreement, and every time they went, they were a day-to-day trip." After the feast, as traditional literati, they naturally devoted their minds to poetry and singing, so in the winter of 1925, Guo, Li, Cha, Bai and others made a drink to cool off the cold and formally formed the "Ice Society". Guo Shi once recalled that "every seven days an episode, the collection must be limited to the title of poetry, in the second set of views to appreciate it", it can be seen that the poetry club at this time regularly gathered, and each assembly had to be around the same theme by the members of the community to give poems and chant. For example, on the evening of the fifteenth day of the first month of the year of Ding Di (1927), during the ice society period, Hu Siyi was the master, and he set up a seat in the building. In the evening, the participants included Guo Zengjiao, Guo Zehuan, Char Chong, Li Ru, Bai Tingkui, Lin Baoheng, Guo Zongxi, Xu Yuan, and others, who took the above Yuan Yaji as the title, rhymed and sang, and Guo Zengzhong got the word "bridge" and gave a poem impromptu:
The rest of his life trail is floating, and the lights can still be spent together. The old rain thought about it every other year, and the hall flower smiled and disappeared. In the eyes of the East China Sea, the three islands of Yu, the six bridges of Xiling in the dream. The past and the future are not said, scattered sorrows I have a long scoop.
On the second day of the first lunar month in the year of Peng Chen (1928), Guo Zehuan gathered the poetry club fans in their own apartment, and they met each other to bring their collection of golden stone calligraphy and paintings to exchange and appreciate. Among them, the Wenshan Cicada Belly Stone and the Shizhai Broken Stele Stone brought by Zhang Yu are the most eye-catching, they are the relics of Wen Tianxiang (号文山) and Zodiac Zhou (号 Shi Zhai), respectively. These two famous stones were once owned by Zeng Yi, a poet and eunuch in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, and are the old collections in his Yangzhou Inscription Museum, and now they are reunited, which is a grand event. Guo Zehuan, Zhang Yu, Zheng Xiaoxu, Yang Shoufeng, etc. all have poetry endowments, among which Zheng Xiaoxu's poem "Xulou YanJi Fuwen Shan Cicada Belly Research Stone Zhai Broken Stele Research" is quite memorable:
In the spring turn cold and snowy day, the cup of wine should be tried poetry pen. The Collection of Jinshi Calligraphy and Paintings competed, and Wenshan Shizhai researched without match. The inscription hall tastes juxtaposed, and now it is Guo JunzhangJunjun. Mozi consults the intestines and is hot, and the literary style is unique. Hao Qi entered shi Han's blue blood, and it was difficult to see it difficult to return to the hundred folds. Meritorious name does not end in righteousness, and the cause is loyal to the festival. We are ashamed of each other, and we lean on Gao Zhai to damage our hearts and bones.
Ten days later, on the evening of the twelfth day of the first month, it was also the ice society period, and this time the community friend Ye Chongqian (Ziwenqiao) was on duty, and a banquet was still held in the Building. Guo Zengzhuo wrote about this in his Diary of Feng Lu:
It was the period of the Ri Ice Society, Ye Wenqiao was on duty, and Li Zishen showed Yi Moqing's ink album, which was very seiko. Zhang Shizhi also showed the name of the collection, including Jiang Litang Xiangguo Tong's attempt to roll floating signs, framed into a hand scroll, listed with the same name of the school, and the ten years old when he was in the hall. The latter paintings are all famous inscriptions, which were once recorded in Wu Lanxue's collection and are now witnessed. Li Xiya also recorded kong Lin's re-repair of the long volume of deeds, thousands of words before and after, especially juguan also.
In addition to Guo's father and son, the participants also included Li Ru, Zhang Yu (Zi Zhi), Wang Chengyuan, Char Chong, and others, and the main activities of the banquet were to observe and taste the calligraphy and ink of celebrities. The Yi Bingshou inkblot albums presented by Li Ru, Zhang Yu and others, the trial volume of Jiang Youhuatong, and the long volume of Li Dongyang's re-cultivation deeds of Kong Lin are all rare relics and calligraphy treasures, so Guo Zengzhong praised them, although his diary did not record the details of the poetry given by the crowd, but I believe that this collection will not be short of poetry.
Guo Ze was inkblotted
Must social set
In the summer of 1928, the Ice Society fandom was changed to the Society of Filler Words, and the Poetry Society was officially transformed into a Word Society, which was later renamed "Su Society". The Su Society usually met two or three times a month, and its members increased on the basis of the Ice Society, "each episode was limited to the proposition, and it was recorded in the next episode", which lasted for three years in the summer of 1931, and the fandom was later collected into the four volumes of "Yangu Fishing Song". Among the hundred gatherings of the Sushe, it can be determined that they were held in the Xulou or Hanbi Pavilion, for example, the first assembly of the Word Society was officially unveiled in Guo Zehuan's Xulou Building. They sent "Su Mu Sha" to the title of the first episode of the Word Society, and filled in the words one after another, among which Zhang Yu's words were used as "The First Episode of the Su Mu Sha Wu Yue Xu Lou Ci Society":
Avoid chess and throw away alcohol debts. Zhu Shi Chen's hair, with the heart of the incense worship. June Pine Wind has nowhere to buy. Be sad and bear the sad words. Sample ducks, dust pound musk. Draw a solo eyebrow, with a boring night. Shiosha is not strange. There must be word immortals, and the words are strictly bounded.
Hu Siyi's co-titled song and his as "The First Collection of Su Mu Sha Ci She" is the same thing:
Fold Yaohua, zhao shi friends. Among the hundred generations of flowers, the dream is that the south is facing the old. The lonely leaning sun figure is thin. A few degrees of dusk, a time to dissipate sorrow. Afraid of smelling the kite, it is difficult to describe the wine. Side hat wind flow, spring to hugh look back. The hatred in the air is almost not worth it. The song is unprovoked, and the white eyes look at who is so-and-so.
The change of the poem to the poem and the name of the Shushe Society deal with the changes in the political situation at that time and the cultural psychology of these Qing remnants. In June 1928, with the withdrawal of Zhang Zuolin, the leader of the Fengzhi warlords, the National Revolutionary Army entered and occupied Beijing and Tianjin, and the Beiyang government collapsed, and the whole country, except for a few areas, basically became the unified world of the National Government in Nanjing. If it is said that during the Beiyang government period, although the Qing remnants did not identify with it politically, they at least maintained a certain delicate relationship of dependence in terms of economy and culture; but in the period of the National Government, the official call for revolution and regarded traditional culture as a, naturally they did not have any good feelings for the remnants of these former dynasties, and they did not consciously maintain a certain sense of alienation or even hostility with the current government. Therefore, this political change in June 1928 was a strong stimulus for the Qing remnants, making them once again feel the difficulty of their own survival after suffering the pain of the fall of the Xinhai Country, and the traditional culture they were deeply attached to was also on the verge of destruction under the sweep of the tide of the times.
For these relict literati, this is tantamount to a "death of the world" that is more tragic than the fall of the country, since they are powerless to change reality, they can only effectively imitate Zhu Yizun and Chen Weisong in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties to express their heart songs with filler words, or like the Song remnants of the Early Yuan Dynasty, Xie Ao, Fang Feng, and others who formed the Xi Society and the Yuequan Yin Society, they also formed a word society to express their thoughts about their homeland and their adherence to traditional culture through collective chanting. As for why the word society was named "Sushe", it is not as some people understand because most of the members of the society are old people and have the image of white hair, the "whiskers" here means waiting, which means that they hope to use their own perseverance to wait until the moment when the land of China comes out of chaos and recreates the peaceful and prosperous world of Heqinghaiyan.
In June of the year of Gengwu (1930), the relict scholar Chen Zengshou (号苍虬) was summoned by Puyi to Tianjin from Shanghai to Tianjin as the teacher of the deposed Wanrong, which coincided with the 72nd gathering of the Shu Society, and Guo Zehuan gathered the friends of the society to feast and drink at Hanbi and pick up the wind for the Chen clan. They immediately took chen Zengshou as the title and limited the words of "Huan Jing Le", of which Guo Zehuan's words were as follows:
Also Kyoraku Hanbi Society Collection, Hi CangQiu came from the sea in the same year
Drink the king's wine, and rejoice in the front, this day flowing people. Sighing in the frost sideburns, twenty years of tears, frequently looking at the vicissitudes. Drunken rogue. Sadness is more sent to the oblique sun. Listening to Du Yu cry bitterly, the remnants of the mountain in the painting changed. Dragon bells. Waiting for the clothes, still leaning on the tall buildings, dreaming of the stars, it is like the upper realm. Desolate and desolate, the middle of the night, as if smelling lonely. Feeling overwhelmed, empty candles fluttered the autumn soul, and the night was quiet. Negative lake and mountain about, when the single ship is loaded.
At the beginning of October of the same year, the 86th gathering of the Sushe Society was still held in the Xulou Building, during which Guo Zehuan showed a red plum painting to the members and asked everyone to fill in the inscription. The author of this painting is the late Qing Dynasty minister Peng Yulin, who gave his most beloved eldest granddaughter Peng Jianzhen to Yu Yu's grandson Yu Yuyun, and when his granddaughter got married, he specially painted this red plum to congratulate and bring it into the Yu family as a dowry. Later, Yu Jianyun and Peng Jianzhen's eldest daughter Yu Ji married Guo Zehuan, at this time Peng Jianzhen had been dead for many years, so Yu Yiyun transferred the painting to his daughter and son-in-law, thus becoming a precious collection of Guo's Xulou. On the day of the collection, the lyricists of the Xu Society took this red plum painting as the title, sent "A Branch of Spring", and filled in the words one after another, of which Zhang Yu's lyrics were as follows:
Polyester pen galaxy, only petite grandchildren, gentle can make the public happy. The building boat leans on Xiao, for the sky of Zhu Xia. Dongfeng marries apricots, trance aura, Shanglin Yan envoy. Zeng Xiaojun, the child hero, the words to recognize the spring Xuandi. And now old Peng who is better than. Only the real flowers do not fall, and the spirit root is still sent. Ling Hua woke up in a dream, laughing like Yan Yun Chuan's son-in-law, leaving incense late in the year, the most heartbroken, YanFeng Tree. With the taking, ice jade wind flow, the proof into the purpose of the painting.
Although this is only one of the 10,000 plum blossoms made by Peng Yulin in his lifetime, it is naturally of extraordinary significance because it was specially made for the marriage of his granddaughter and involved intergenerational inheritance between many cultural celebrities. In the words, "Children's Hero" and "Yanfeng Qiaozi" are Peng Yulin's seal and self-title, respectively, while "Recognizing Spring" is the Xuan name in the Yu family garden at that time, which not only praises Peng Yulin as a generation of ZTE celebrities, but also points out that Peng's loyal story and Gao Jie personality infected and influenced Yu His Majesty and Guo Zehuan through the carrier of the red plum painting. However, now that the Qing Dynasty has fallen, not only are there no heroes like Peng Yulin who once saved the country from peril, but even former imperial scholars such as Yu His Majesty And Guo Zehuan have nowhere to display their talents, leaving only these remnants still immersed in the memories of the stories of the former dynasty and the style of the famous sages, and the spirit of the former sages inspires themselves to adhere to their integrity and thus prove the will in this red plum painting.
Celebrity birthday party and cooling down
Whether it was the Ice Society or the Su Society, The House was the most frequent place for the poetry society to gather and chant with people, so much so that on the birthday of Su Shi in the year of Ying Yin (1926), although Guo Zehuan had something to do with Jin, the poets still held a birthday party in Hanbi under the auspices of Guo Zongxi (Zi Dongbo). Such a grand event is naturally indispensable to poetry, they cast lots and rhymes, and have given poems, among which Zheng Xiaoxu wrote "Guo Tongbo Recruits Han Biyi to Make Birthday Rhymes for Dongpo":
In the middle of the cold bibi, Su Ri was descended, and Guo Jun placed wine to collect celebrities. The Si people have gone so far as a crane, and a thousand years have been a hill. Hook party mo talk about yuan youzheng, Qing Yin talk about biyuequan tour. Su Zhai rolled in the crown of the guest, who believed in the new pavilion like a Chu prisoner.
And Chen Baochen's rhyming poem with the same title "lonely" is as follows:
Heaven poor E general area, Yuan Yu Xifeng pitched special. Overseas negative scoops are still suitable, and Jiang Gan plays the flute to entertain each other. The palace of life has a cow and a slander, and the spring dream wins into a kasagyu diagram. If compared with Lu Zhangwen's generation, Mr. Li was not orphaned in his life.
In addition to the regular gatherings of the poetry club and the word club, Guo Zehu will also make birthday commemorative poetry parties for some former philosophers in the Xulou Building. In addition to the above-mentioned Dongpo birthday poetry meeting, on June 21, 1931, Ouyang Xiu's birthday and Zheng Xuan's birthday on the fifth day of the first month of July, Guo Successively placed wine guests in the Xulou Building, invited the same people to continue the style and elegance in the form of a literary and wine meeting, and gave poems and chronicles to cherish the past and the present. Since then, although the building has gradually fallen silent, Guo Zehu's true color of the literati has not changed, and the hobby of juyou Lianyin remains the same. For example, in the 1935 genealogy, yun: "Winter returns to the building,...... It is winter, and Gu Shouren, Hu Chuqing, Zhu Xiecheng, Xu Zhenru, Xu Xinlu, Zhang Linqing, Wang Yanchao, etc. are about to drink cold, all gentlemen are also gentlemen. The following year, he also wrote: "Winter return to the building,...... He also drank with Zhang Yishan, Yang Weiyun, Gu Shouren, Hu Chuqing, Zhu Xiecheng, Xu Zhenru, Xu Xinyi, Chen Jiangong, and Wang Yanchao. ”
At this time, most of them were casual wine collections, although there was no name for poetry clubs, but the poetry singing and singing were still the content of their drinking. However, the times are easy to change, and at this time, the Collection of Treasures mostly provides poets with a way to dispel loneliness and vent their anger, for example, at a meeting of the Xuanlou Pavilion, Guo Zehuan", "Words and the difficulties of his life, to the point of seeking death and not being able to get it, do not feel pain and cry", everyone can not help but be sad, "Yishan (Zhang Di) hides his face and avoids it", and the Collection of Xulou Yin, which has lasted for many years, has finally come to an end.
Guo Zehui presided over the Xulou Yin collection spanning more than ten years, covering cultural relics such as poetry bells, lesson poems, lessons, inscriptions, calligraphy and painting, celebrating the birthday of former sage literati, and eliminating the cold and elegant meetings, and it is quite paradoxical that both The Xulou and Hanbi are located in the Italian Concession at that time. It was this country within the country that the Western powers had opened the door to China by force and imposed on the Qing government, which had become the habitat of these remnants of the literati and the refuge of classical Chinese culture in the tide of anti-tradition. Today, after a hundred years of vicissitudes and many urban transformation movements, it is difficult to find a trace, and you can only feel the joy and sorrow of their years from the poems left by the poets.
bibliography
[1] Guo Zehuan, Ma Zhongwen and Zhang Qiuhui, compiled: "Guo Zehuan's Self-Customized Chronology", Phoenix Publishing House, 2018.
[2] Zheng Xiaoxu, compiled by Lao Zude: The Diary of Zheng Xiaoxu, Zhonghua Bookstore, 1993.
[3] Guo Zengjiao, Dou Ruimin, ed., The Diary of Guo Zengzhong, Zhonghua Bookstore, 2019.
[4] Zheng Xiaoxu, Huang Yan and Yang Xiaobo, "Collected Poems of Haizang Lou", Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 2013.
[5] Guo Zengju, Xie Hailin Dian, Guo Zengjiao, People's Literature Publishing House, 2018.
[6] Written by Guo Zehuan et al., Zhu Zumou and Xia Suntongxuan: "Yangu Fishing Singing", Republic of China lead print, 1933.
[7] Hu Siyi, compiled by Qiu Chenjiang: The Diary of Hu Siyi, Phoenix Publishing House, 2017.