Laoshan "gecko", fist and heart, a heroic guts, stepping on the lofty mountains and mountains to find stone carvings, passed on as a good story; spread the famous family, Yin Yin family national conditions, full of Ling Yunzhi, went through countless hardships to expand the treasure, singing a magnificent song. To rescue and protect the Laoshan stone carvings, leave precious materials for the world, and carry forward the history and culture of the motherland, Mr. Li Jiwei and his team to pay a high tribute!
Sun Bingwei
Hold fast to the green mountains
Do not relax, the root is in the broken rock. Thousands of grinding blows are still strong, Ren'er east, west, south and north phoenix. (Zheng Banqiao, "Bamboo Stone")
- Substitute inscription
On a day when the autumn breeze was cold, I rushed to the Weifeng Village of Aoshan in Laoshan District, Qingdao, and in a simple farmhouse, I met Mr. Li Jiwei, a young rubbingian known as the "gecko" of Laoshan Mountain.
He was lean and capable, with long hair, a brush tied behind his head, a beard, a few goatees under his chin, and a dirt cloth dress, funny and modest, and he was a calm and dignified person. A pair of bright eyes flashed with a wise and somewhat deep gaze. The first feeling given to people is that of a wise scholar, who can see through the dashing, unworldly, idyllic, and ethereal, and add a bit of the purity and loftiness of the mountain Daoists.
After a few words of greeting, he entered his study-cum-living room. The walls around the outer room are covered with inscriptions and cliff carvings of his rubbings. On three sides of the room are tall and large bookcases, full of books. "Laoshan Zhi", "Laoshan Continuation", "Laoshan Ancient and Modern Talk", "Laoshan Taiqing Palace Chronicle", "Shandong Folk Art Chronicle", "Jimo County Chronicle" and other books introducing Laoshan stone carvings are dazzling.
Sit down, brew a pot of Laoshan green tea, the tea fragrance is flowing, and the tea taste chatted. Li Jiwei asked xiao Qianjin to sit on his lap, as if he wanted to be interviewed together. Haha, such a cute little girl, she stared at a pair of big eyes like autumn water, and smiled sweetly at me, the uninvited guest.
Looking at this Li Jiwei born in 1976, I quickly searched for several "titles" and titles about him in my mind: member of the China Arts and Crafts Association, member of the Qingdao Folk Writers Association, the first batch of arts and crafts masters in Qingdao, the director of the Qingdao Handicraft Association, the director of the Qingdao Copyright Industry Association, the lecturer of folk art, etc. I thought to myself, how many wonderful stories does this middle-aged rubbing artist known as the "Laoshan Gecko" have that have been "focused" by the media and society?
First, the first test is sharp
Li Jiwei, who studied Chinese painting at Shandong Art College, coincidentally engaged in the art glass industry after graduation.
In more than a decade of working with glass, he carved works of art on glass. He was familiar with the craftsmanship characteristics of various glasses, and slowly developed the idea of hand-carving classic calligraphy and paintings on glass to make a forest of glass steles.
The Forest of Glass Steles has never been seen before, requiring extremely deep calligraphy skills, exquisite glass carving skills, and great patience and care. After years of repeated attempts, in 2008, Li Jiwei founded the "China Glass Stele Forest" art studio, officially embarked on this pioneering road.
For more than ten years of unremitting pursuit and exploration in the Spring and Autumn Period, Li Jiwei used sand as a knife, painted stroke by stroke, carved with one knife after another, and then blasted sand little by little. It has carved a large number of ancient and modern excellent works such as the Sanshi Pan, the Shigu Wen, the Yi Ying Stele, the Zhang Xuan Tombstone, the Shi Men Song, the Ping Fu Ti, the Diamond Sutra, the Thousand Character Text, the Yanshan Inscription, the Orchid Pavilion Preface, and the Spirited Woman Scroll. Between the carvings and engravings, the ancient calligraphy and painting classics are reproduced on the crystal glass, and it is really beautiful to make it, so that the traditional Hanmo charm is perfectly combined with modern craftsmanship, delicate and elegant, and the art of the glass stele forest is used to make it magically transform into a new artistic life.
In 2015, Li Jiwei's works "Orchid Pavilion Preface" and "Thousand Character Text" successively won the "Shenlong Cup" Shandong Arts and Crafts Design Innovation Gold Award and the "Huayi Cup" Shandong Provincial Arts and Crafts Fine Arts and Crafts Gold Award at the 7th China (Shandong) Arts and Crafts Exposition and China Innovative Design Culture Exhibition. The crystal sculpture "Orchid Pavilion Preface" won the highest government award in the literary and art circles of Shandong Province - the "Eighth Taishan Literature and Art Award".
Receiving such an award made Li Jiwei more determined to strengthen his path to the Forest of Glass Steles, and he was determined to make the full version of the Taishan Jing Shiyu Diamond Sutra reappear in the world.
Engraved on the creek bed of a valley in Mount Taishan, the "Taishan Jing Shiyu Diamond Sutra" has been engraved for more than 1400 years, and it is a famous carving giant in China's Cliff Stone Carving. The carved stone is 56 meters long from north to south, about 36 meters wide from east to west, and only 1067 characters remain, each of which is half a meter large. After five years, Li Jiwei climbed Mount Taishan more than a dozen times, took a large number of pictures and materials, and finally depicted all 2744 words of the original carved stone according to the clues and traces. And the entire "Taishan Jing Shiyu Diamond Sutra" was carved on the crystal glass according to the original large, and displayed in front of the world.
Swim in the "Sea of Art" in the ancient glass stele forest, and be brave enough to be a tidemaker. Li Jiwei fully excavated the historical and cultural knowledge and wisdom accumulated by his hard reading in the cold window for more than ten years, and used his talents, skills, spirituality, and artistic appreciation obtained from the practice of more than ten spring and autumn periods of art glass to build the cause of the glass stele forest he pioneered into a thriving and prosperous cause, and there was a sense of achievement that he had achieved great feats.
However, he made a major change that his relatives and friends did not expect. What is the reason why Li Jiwei, who has been nearly confused for nearly a long time, has "set up another door" without hesitation, so that he "abandons his family and business", and comes with his wife and children to rent a guest house at the foot of Laoshan Mountain, and concentrates on embarking on a road full of risks and challenges?
Second, a heart of blood to send feelings
In Li Jiwei's more than ten years of artistic glass practice, he traveled south and north, traveled all over the famous mountains, and was always shocked by the stone carvings of famous artists in the past.
That year, he came to Laoshan. Located at an altitude of 1132 meters above sea level, Laoshan Mountain, located in the east of Qingdao, stands tall on the long coastline of the motherland, known as the first immortal mountain on the sea and the second jungle of Taoism.
From a large number of books and historical materials introducing Laoshan, he learned that Laoshan is not only a famous tourist mountain, it is also a famous mountain of culture and calligraphy. In the history of Youqing, the literati and scholars of the past generations left nearly 1,000 carved stones for Laoshan. It can be divided into several major systems, there are religions, there are Taoist Buddhism, there are historical, and there are calligraphy. It is of high value for the study of the entire history of Laoshan and even Qingdao.
In the process of several climbs to Lao, he often "followed tu suo ji" and was pleasantly surprised to see many stone carvings that were covered by the dust of history. Then he stood alone, stroking these stone carvings, skimming the historical texture of the stone carvings, imagining the literati rioters from ancient times to the present, or a small car or a small donkey or a small car, or a soap-colored Hanfu or a belt or a boot, accompanied by a bookboy, walking through the green mountains and rivers, mountains and mountains. Bathe in the breeze and taste tea, drink qiong pulp jade liquid, improvise poetry, and dip passionate ink. Later, the ink treasure was carefully carved by craftsmen and passed down to the world.
When he fell into the imagination, he repeatedly saw that due to the long age and man-made reasons, many stone carvings had been mutilated, and some had been tragically destroyed, and even became the paving stones of the mountain people, which made him feel very sad and uneasy!
He believes that all the resources in the world may be exhausted, and there is only one resource that can live forever, and that is culture. The 5,000-year-old historical civilization of the Chinese nation relies on the inheritance of culture, which takes us from ancient times to a farther future.
His eye circles were moist, and his chest seemed to be burning with fire. With his rich historical and cultural knowledge and superior aesthetic ability and profound artistic heritage, he knows the value of these stone carvings.
He knows that rubbing is a conservation process for the preservation and archiving of cultural relics. From ancient times to the present, handmade rubbings have artistic, historical and documentary value, and have been preserved as objects of study of goldstones, calligraphy, and history, so they are very precious. Rubbing Laoshan Mountain, a piece of paper and an ink for a thousand years!
One of the ideas that came out of nowhere was to borrow rubbing technology to preserve these historical stone carving art treasures of Laoshan Mountain, and in the process, trace the age of the creation of these precious historical sites, the story of the stone carvings and the background of the author, carry forward the splendid history and culture of Laoshan Mountain, and introduce the famous mountains on the sea to the world. He knows that protecting and rescuing these stone carvings is not an overnight achievement, nor is it something that a small number of people can do. But I can do my part for this grand project that benefits future generations!
The fiery feelings of home and country, the degree of obsession with the cultural heritage of the motherland, the heartache of the destruction and disappearance of some stone carvings, and the sense of responsibility and spirit of responsibility for protecting and rescuing stone carvings made Li Jiwei sleepless all night.
The crescent moon rises bright but somewhat lean. Li Jiwei, who was also thin, asked himself in the moonlight: How much do he know about the ancient rubbing technique? How much do you know about the vast sea of laoshan stone carvings?
During his university studies, he specialized in Chinese painting and calligraphy. The works of calligraphy masters of the past generations he came into contact with were all rubbings, which gave him a deeper understanding of rubbings and rubbings. He knew that the production of rubbings was not a smooth and one-time success, but a long period of time, after the collection of various necessary factors, such as the emergence of a large number of inscriptions, the invention of paper, the maturity of papermaking, the invention of ink, and the emergence of binding, etc., before fusion, maturity, and molding.
As a carrier of cultural inheritance, rubbings have experienced the baptism of a thousand years, and one silent rubbings after another are like walking history in front of today's people. There are many values of rubbings, but one of the most notable is the recording, protection and inheritance of Chinese characters. It is like a messenger of civilization, leading people through the "Tunnel of Chinese Character History Time".
With his rich accumulation of calligraphy knowledge, Li Jiwei's recognition of oracle bones, gold scripts, large and small seals, Lishu, Weishu, Kaishu, Cursive, Xingshu and some creative characters of the folk is higher than that of ordinary people. The accuracy of his calligraphic analysis of stone rubbings often makes some calligraphers ashamed of themselves. Especially in the past few years, he engaged in the glass stele forest, after carving, he pasted the rice paper on it, let the part of the paper with the pattern go down, and then took ink on it, and when the ink dried and peeled off, it became a rubbing, and this set of processes has initially mastered the rubbing skills. He identified the goal he pursued, and his self-confidence was "bursting".
Sharpen the knife without mistakenly chopping wood. He is like a student who seeks knowledge, from the many books introducing laoshan stone carvings, he eagerly understands the location, height, size, content interpretation, introduction of the author of the stone carvings, the background of the inscriptions, the current situation of the stone carvings and their corresponding scenery photos, scenic spot photos, etc., which greatly enriches his understanding of the laoshan stone carvings.
He found that most of the Laoshan stone carvings left by predecessors and collected to this day are rubbing inscriptions, which is just the "tip of the iceberg" of the entire Laoshan stone carvings. And the cliff stone carved rubbings are rare, and there are very few. He remembered the inscriptions that were in the scenic area in the exhibition hall surrounded by cigarette smoke, which were well protected and peacefully dissipated by the years, and those that began in the Western Jin Dynasty and continued to the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic of China and the founding of the People's Republic of China, and now towered between the mountains and the sea, but year after year, spring, summer, autumn and winter, experienced sun, wind, rain, fog erosion.
These cliff carvings are an important part of Laoshan's cultural heritage, a precious cultural treasure of Qingdao, and a physical material for the study of historical figures, historical events, Laoshan Taoist culture and local culture. The carving knife of time has left marks on its body everywhere, and many years of disrepair have left it scarred, some are incomplete, some are paved to build houses, some corpses are separated, and some are unrecognizable, how can people not be worried?!
The ideal is full, but the reality is bone. "No diamonds, no porcelain work". Before racing the battlefield, let's get on horseback. The ancient rubbing technique has a high gold content. Li Jiwei calmed down, learned from a large number of relevant materials and books, enriched his understanding of its rubbing, and immersed, paper, solidified, inked, unveiled... And so on, the various programs are familiar with the heart. He is well aware of materials such as rice paper, rock climbing tools, team organization, safety measures, climate change in the four seasons of Laoshan Mountain, and dangerous places. "Dare to ask where the road is? The road is under your feet".
At the "two sessions" in Qingdao City in 2007, at the "two sessions" in Qingdao City, some committee members and experts in literature and history solemnly put forward a proposal for "rescuing, excavating, sorting out, and protecting the stone carvings of Laoshan Mountain." The proposal points out that "Laoshan stone carvings are a glorious history, a beautiful tourist landscape of Qingdao, and also a characteristic tourism product and cultural relics treasures of Qingdao, and we have the responsibility to protect, preserve, develop and utilize them." ”
In order to better protect the Laoshan Moya stone carvings, in 2017, the Laoshan District Cultural and Tourism Committee adopted the specific suggestions of people of insight and hired a professional team to comprehensively survey the Moya stone carvings in the Laoshan Scenic Area, and the census results showed that now the Laoshan stone carvings have shown different degrees of wind erosion, and the handwriting on some stone carvings has been mutilated, and it is gradually disappearing under the "strict pressure of wind knives and frost swords". Some have been vandalized for historical reasons, including some works by stone carvings, Taoism, the War of Resistance, and modern and contemporary calligraphers. Some scholars shouted loudly that the Laoshan stone carvings urgently needed to be rescued and protected! Rescuing Laoshan Stone cannot be delayed!
On the basis of review, the "Laoshan Moya Stone Carving Group" was organized to declare and participate in the evaluation of the sixth batch of provincial-level cultural relics protection units. Actively strive for the strong support of the provincial and municipal cultural relics departments, and take measures to increase the protection of the unique cultural heritage resource of Laoshan Cliff Rock Carving. In May of the same year, the Laoshan Scenic area management bureau launched the "Rubbing", investing more than 400,000 yuan to rub the first batch of more than 90 stone carvings in the scenic spot.
Since ancient times, the time and place are favorable and the people are mentioned before the success of things. Nowadays, these prerequisites are increasingly available, what is Li Jiwei waiting for?
Third, hang directly on the clouds and sails to the sea
Heaven has sent a great task to the Scythians. Led by Li Jiwei, the "Tuoquan Laoshan" team composed of Sun Xiwei, Yao Weiqi, Li Yan, Hai Gangjun, Chen Daowen, etc. was established. It's a young team, the average age is years old. Among the young men, there were actually two young girls, Zheng Xue and Li Leifan.
There is no joke in the military. After undertaking the task of "Rubbing Laoshan Mountain", Li Jiwei and the team partners formulated a careful rubbing plan, strict team activity discipline, and the division of labor of their responsibilities after several discussions and studies. They carried the tools used for rubbing stone carvings on their shoulders: rice paper, brown brushes, brushes, cloud-headed ink, etc., holding climbing tools in their hands, wearing protective clothing and hats, and every morning, facing the late spring breeze, they came to a place of cliff carvings according to the plan of the day.
The first process is "paper dipping". There are many clear streams in the mountains, Li Jiwei nearby folded into a number of squares of paper into the stream, gently wet page by page, draining, silent communication between man and nature, harmony and beauty at this moment;
The second process is "stickers". After cleaning the cliff stone carving, the wet paper is lifted with both hands and slowly unfolded, and then the carved stone is accurately and agilely flattened, and then the paper brush is sealed evenly with a brown brush and a brush. Craftsmanship is more important than heavy, all by experience and feeling, Li Jiwei is skillful and neat, and demonstrates to his partners;
The third process is "inking". After the sticker is dried, start to brush the ink with a small ink brush the size of a homemade chalk head, which is a test of patience, the ink should be light and even, with the handwriting and pattern depression, shoot the ink with the right strength, little by little according to the texture and direction of the carved stone, so that the final product is black and white, the texture is clear;
The fourth process is "uncovering". This process seems to be light but it is actually a test of strength, in the moment when the rubbing model falls, Li Jiwei and his partners hold their breath and be careful, just like the angel in white is accepting a new life, the heart is incomparably sweet, very fulfilling.
Rubbing the cliff stone carvings is more difficult than ordinary inscription rubbing. Compared with the stone stele, it is uneven in stone, difficult to put on paper, and second, it is easy to be affected by the weather. Practice makes the truth. Li Jiwei has successively solved the problems of blowing paper at the outlet and facing down the font. I can't work on a rainy day, so I go deep into the mountain to look for stone carvings, maybe walk for a day, and haven't eaten at noon. When you rest, find a clearing in the mountains to set up a tent. The mosquitoes in Laoshan Are full of faces and bite people very badly. One foot down, it feels soft, and on closer inspection it is a snake. The weather in Laoshan is changeable, sometimes in the morning it is still hot in the sun, and in the afternoon it is suddenly a wind and rain sonata.
Li Jiwei and these young people "enjoy fighting the evil wind at the end of the world", with tenacious perseverance and perseverance, in this original way, little by little, with a stroke, a stroke, a word. In practice, he constantly enriches the knowledge of rubbing, improves his cognition, becomes proficient in skills, and harvests "fruits".
What makes Li Jiwei yearn for a long time is the four big character inscriptions of "Wonders of Mountains and Seas". Its façade is engraved on the pillar stone nearly 10 meters high, each word is nearly 3 meters square, and it is the largest font among all the stone carvings in Laoshan before liberation. At the time of the inscription, the area required for the middle of the stone had been smoothed out, and the ground stone was relatively slow to weather. The large characters are vigorous and powerful, with great depth, the sunken handwriting is still very clear, and the red paint has peeled off a little.
The writer was written by Hui Ling when he was the governor of Shandong in the fifty-sixth year of Qianlong (1791). There is also a large section of stone inscription on the south side of the stone, the full text of which reads: "Yu Yu wen the victory of Laoshan Mountain, paraded on the sea, wrapped grain to climb, will go to Huayan Nunnery, see a huge stone on the side of the road, stretching seven zhangyu, gao yi wuzhang, the earthlings of inquiry are called pillar stones, Yu lingers under it, looking up at the mountains of the mountains, overlooking the vast sea, the smoke and clouds change, suddenly all kinds of shapes, and the wonders of true peace." Because of this engraving of the stones, and the ambition of its silk, the ascent of the queen is the mountain's knowledge of the remaining teeth. Qianlong was fifty-six years old in the spring of Xinhai in March, and Hui Ling wrote and trekked. ”
Li Jiwei stood in front of the pillar stone, and a trace of humor and nostalgia for the past suddenly appeared. He fondly touched this pillar stone engraved with "Wonders of Mountains and Seas", and thought of 200 years ago, the Shandong Inspector was full of spirit and carved these four big characters, which can be described as a gentleman. Later, he was deposed for this reason. Later generations do not remember the names of officials, but their inscriptions can be with the mountains.
As a hard bone to gnaw, Li Jiwei specially figured out a set of sling rubbing stone carving skills, using rock climbing to rub. The rope for climbing is two and a half tons and is very safe. Just need to find the right AB point and fix the two points. They all incarnated as "Spider-Man", with a wealth of experience, sometimes climbing, sometimes rappelling, skillfully coping with different positions of stone carvings. Compared with the traditional way of building scaffolding rubbing, this not only saves costs, but also effectively protects the personal safety of the rubbing. The four big characters used hundreds of large pieces of rice paper, paper, extension, ink, unveiling...
It was the height of summer, and the red sun was like a fire. Tied ropes, hanging in front of the stone wall all day, sweat soaked through the clothes, the eyes were covered with red silk, the skin was tanned and tanned, Li Jiwei and the team members completely ignored it, and worked together all day, and the "Wonders of Mountains and Seas" was finally completed.
He and his friends wiped the sweat of their hard work in the afterglow of the sunset, watching the four big characters of more than 3 meters high and more than ten meters wide that they personally printed, and the fragrance of books shone brightly, especially desolate and vast!
In the Silent Light Cave, there are two poems written by Liu Xixin of Jimozhi County in the Qing Dynasty, the calligraphy is very good, but the engraving is shallow, and there are many places that cannot be recognized. There are a dozen words carved in the stone here. Of the two poems, one describes the ancient ghost of looking at Tian Heng Island and lamenting the loyalty and righteousness of Tian Yoko's five hundred soldiers, and the other records Xu Fudongdu's incident. Moving on, the two red characters of "Listening to Tao" attract attention. This is a stone carving from the 1930s, and only large characters can be seen when depicting red, and the left side of the fall is not clear. However, when it is printed, it can be seen that the 'Susong Huangye Estate' has fallen.
Rubbing the Laoshan stone carvings, not only to protect the existing stone carvings, Li Jiwei's team combined historical materials and effective information provided by a number of experts and non-governmental figures to continuously discover new stone carvings.
In front of the White Dragon Cave in the Laoshan Yangkou Scenic Area, there is a very large stone carving of the mill cliff, which is the twenty poems about Laoshan written by Qiu Chuji, all of which are authentic. This stone carving on the cliff has a history of 800 years.
In the Taiqing Palace of Laoshan Mountain, a newly discovered Ming Dynasty Haiyin Temple Tibetan Scripture Stele was not recorded in the historical records at that time, and this stele was placed in an inconspicuous corner. After investigation, this stele is a "monument" made by the Ming Dynasty Wanli Fifteenth Year Imperial System, which belongs to important cultural relics.
Ciguang Cave, located at an altitude of more than 1,000 meters above sea level, is said to be the place where the Ming Dynasty monk Shan Shan practiced invisibly, which is very important. Li Jiwei stooped down to cat in the Ciguang Cave, working on his head, the cave was dim, and several times he painstakingly harvested a perfect curved rubbing.
Time flies. Spring wind, summer rain, autumn frost and winter snow, recording Li Jiwei's nearly 100 times in the past 10 years; Lin Shen's road is slippery, the mountain road is long, leaving his solid footprints; the mountains are majestic, strange rocks and rocks, witnessing his strong determination to "never give up until the goal is reached"; the pine waves are rolling, the clouds are ethereal, and he hears his excited cries in the fairyland; Sword Peak Qianling, Lin Gao Daoyou, appreciates his style of not being afraid of difficulty and dashing forward; mosquito bites, poisonous snakes suddenly appear, testing his "heroic tiger guts"; thunder and lightning, torrential rain suddenly arrived, Encouraged his "ambition not to fall into the clouds"; the scorching sun, dry mouth, grinding his perseverance; waist pain and leg pain, tired, tempering his indomitable fighting spirit of "stepping through the green mountains to find stone carvings".
Over the years, he has successively successfully printed more than 200 stone carvings and inscriptions on the cliffs of Laoshan Mountain. Among them, there are more than 20 places in the Tang Dynasty, such as "Picking Medicine Mountain Houses", "Offering Mountain Immortal Stones", and "Sun Tan Statues"; "Huafeng Fudi", "Putong Monument", "Silent Light Cave", "Wangfu Island Absolute Sentence" of the Qing Dynasty; more than 10 places such as "Zhuangyou", "Nanwu Guanyin Bodhisattva", "Tingtao", "Naluoyan Grotto" in the Republic of China period; and many modern "Yu Seven Steles Yang (Yin)", "Zen" and so on. The Haiyin Monastery Tibetan Scripture Qun, Xu Shichang Yonglao's poems, the Qing Dynasty scholar Liu Xixin's poems, and the Qing Dynasty Inspector Xu Ji's "Laoshan Guan Sunrise Record" are very precious, have important historical and cultural value, and are particularly precious. Li Jiwei and his team are like this inch by inch, rubbing Laoshan Mountain, doing unprecedented cultural innovations, leaving precious historical materials for the world, at present, these rubbings have been treasured in the Qingdao Municipal Museum, telling people those long historical stories.
A series of rubbing works, with the heavy taste of long history, come from thousands of years ago, silently showing people the vicissitudes of Laoshan history and culture. It is soaked with the sweat of Li Jiwei and his team, containing their beautiful vision and the lofty ambition of expanding all over Laoshan Mountain, accompanying these young people to sing exciting songs of youth!
(The author is Sun Bingwei, a native of Qingdao, Shandong, a member of the Communist Party of China, with a large degree.) He is a member of the Chinese Prose Literature Association, the Shandong Provincial Prose Literature Association, the Qingdao Contemporary Literary Creation Research Association, and the Qingdao Qindao Writers Association. Former Secretary General of Qingdao Railway Literary Association, member of the Sixth Qingdao Municipal Federation of Literature and Literature. ）
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