National Exhibition Forum: Bai Qianshen's PPT
The title of Mr. Bai's lecture is called "Wu Dashi and the Great Seal Calligraphy of the Late Qing Dynasty". First of all, let's get to know the protagonist - Mr. Wu Dayi.
That's right, he is an official, and there are still a lot of scholars in the late Qing Dynasty~ He led troops to fight during his time as governor of Hunan, and was dismissed after participating in the First Sino-Japanese War, and has been idle at home since then.
He is also Wu Hufan's grandfather. People can't help but feel the heaviness and glory of envying the heirloom of poetry and books, and the court full of Huaiyin.
In those years, his name was still called "Wu Dachun".
Wu Dachun's original name is Dachun, and it can be seen from the title of the book he inscribed for his maternal grandfather that it is likely that he began to learn seal script at the earliest.
In 1861, his diary recorded that he had carved seals for many people, and in 72 days, he carved 20 square seals.
It's also quite hard......
One of them may still exist, and that is it.
Wu lived in Suzhou, where the study of ancient characters was very popular. In 1856 he became a pupil of Duan Yuci (1735-1815) and Chen Huan (1786-1863). That is, Duan Yuci's apprentice~~ read twenty or thirty pages of "Shuowen Jie Zi" every day, which was his daily lesson at that time. Influenced by this, Wu Dayi's early writing was basically small seals, especially jade seals and iron wire seals.
After that year, he was called "Wu Daye".
After 1862, in order to avoid the ridicule of the Tongzhi Emperor Zaichun, he changed his name to Wu Daxi, and he wrote a fan for his friend Li Jiafu, and the writing was stable and mellow.
Four years later, he inscribed the title of the book for Wu Yun (1811-1883), and his grasp of structure and pen use was deeper.
In 1870, he entered Shaanxi with Li Hongzhang's army, climbed Mount Hua, and left his cliff stone carvings, which are very standard jade seals.
In fact, at this time, his seal script style had begun to change towards Deng Shiru and Wu Rang, emphasizing mention, rhythm and rhyme.
Zoom in a little and you can feel it~!
In the late 1860s and early 1870s, he left a number of diaries, which can be seen in his experience of writing a large number of seal scripts, and pointed out that he rarely used Xingshu, and occasionally used Xingshu to reflect on himself.
From 1870, however, his interest began to turn to the golden calligraphy, or the Great Seal. At that time, under the leadership of his fellow countryman Pan Zuyin (1830-1890), officials in Beijing began to collect bronzes, and Wu Dashi, who worked at the Hanlin Academy in Beijing, joined in.
The pictures and texts are all depicted and copied by Wu Dayi, and the lines are very smooth.
In 1872, Wu Yun, Wu Dashi's teacher and Suzhou goldsmith, published the "Illustrations of the Yi Ware of the Two Weixuan".
At this time, Wu Dashi himself also began to collect, and made a record of what he had collected or seen, he once said: "The official Hanlin, good Gujijin characters, have seen and copied it, or the shape of the picture is stored in the Zheng. "Very hard.
Wu Dayi: This is how Xueba is refined~
Regarding the way of copying and writing the golden text, Wu Dashi basically wrote in a graceful, quiet, and clean penmanship from beginning to end, which was very different from the mottled and trembling of his teacher Wu Yun.
In addition, he used his bronze collection to conduct extensive research and appraisal of the writings and bronze inscriptions of his predecessors. The judgment of some fake things in Ruan Yuan's "Jigu Zhai Zhongding Yi Ware Style" bluntly said that "fake and inferior", "the text seems to be fake", and "this instrument should be forged".
Sometimes it is said that "the business is very good, but the explanation is not confirmed", which is quite sincere.
The letters of Wu and his friends have left many records of his study of Jin calligraphy. In a letter to Chen Jieqi in 1876, he said: "The people of Wanbaishan only benefited from the Han monument and did not peep into the domain of the Si. Around the time of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the words were more vigorous, able to collect and disperse, and eclectic. As the world gets thinner, it tends to be softer. He thinks that Deng Shiru did not go to the middle of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, and the method is not ancient.
He wrote to teachers and friends who were familiar with the Great Seal, and used the Great Seal more.
Look, being knowledgeable is so capricious!
It can be seen from the letters with his teachers and friends that after several years of hard work, Wu Dashi's gold calligraphy made great progress in the second half of the 1870s.
Pan Zuyin: I have already framed the letter you wrote to me~
Pan Zuyin: Since we had the Qing Dynasty, you are the best at writing big seals!
Pan Zuyin: I heard that you have 100 copies of the Sanshi Plate, can you give me one copy......?
Pan Zuyin: ......
Speaking of the dispersal plate, you must know that the inscription of the dispersal plate has a total of 357 words, and if it is a pass in three days, it will take about a year to pass the pass, which shows that Wu Dashi has worked a lot on the seal at this time.
Later, Wu Dashi really wrote a call for his teacher Pan Zuyinlin.
Pan Zuyin: "Hui is scattered, thanks, thanks." ”
Well, thank you~~
After 1880, his seal script style was basically finalized. In 1885, he wrote a letter to Wu Yun's son Wu Chenglu, boasting: "Concentrate on the study of the Great Seal, and in thirty years there has never been such a concubine, and I doubt that I have broken through the people of Baishan." ”
Wu Dayi: In the past, everyone praised me for not being inferior to Deng Shiru, but now, it's time to praise myself, hahaha~
In 1886, he published the Analects of Filial Piety through the Shanghai Tongshu Bureau, using the advanced media at that time to photocopy his works and disseminate his calligraphy.
Another important contribution of Wu Dashi to the late Qing Dynasty Great Seal calligraphy was the systematic study of the Great Seal script, as well as the pre-Qin seal script and Tao script.
He also compiled the epoch-making book "Shuo Wen Gu Ji Bu". Its style has been used by later scholars, such as Rong Geng's "Jin Wen Compilation", Sun Haibo's "Oracle Bone Compilation" and so on.
Let's talk about Wu Dayi's two aides - Wu Changshuo and Huang Shiling. They are all well-known figures in the history of seal carving~
Wu Changshuo was Wu Yun's staff at the earliest, and he saw a lot of good rubbings of gold and stone in Wu Yun's home, and became Wu Dayi's staff after 1890.
Wu Changshuo is the seal of Wu Dayi
Wu Changshuo's book stone drum text
Huang Shiling was brought to Guangdong with Wu Daye when he was the governor of Guangdong, and worked with him for two years, and he often mentions Wu Daye in many of his surviving ancient drawings and seals.
Huang Shiling's seal calligraphy pen is more flexible, but his pursuit of clean and elegant calligraphy style is in the same vein as Wu Dayi.
Speaking of Wu Daye's historical status, let's first review Fu Shan. From his world, look at the big seal he wrote, which is a god horse-like paper~
Here...... That's it.
You read that right, you read that right, you read that right......
Why does it feel cute?
That's because, in the era when Fu Shan lived, the study of paleographies was not rigorous and developed enough. Qingzhu children's shoes to learn the big seal did not come from the study of inscriptions, but according to such as "Han Jian", "Ji Seal Ancient Wen Yunhai" and a large number of characters and books published in the late Ming Dynasty.
Fu Shan: Abundant power is to be imagined like this~
A better reference is Xue Shanggong's "Zhongding Yi Ware Recognition of the Past Dynasties". It doesn't look like ~
Let's take a look at the great seal of He Shaoji (1799-1873).
He Shaoji is Wu Dayi's maternal grandfather...... friends, the two are also acquaintances, and Wu Dayi's thick center pen is completely different.
He Shaoji: Pick up the pen and tremble together!
Pan Zuyin: Heh, this old man can't do it~
Wu Dashi changed the style of the late Qing Dynasty's Great Seal calligraphy, and the lines of his pen were not trembling, broken, or curved, and he used the pen all his life to be very clean and straight, smooth and elegant.
In fact, everyone knows Wang Yirong. He was Pan Zuyin's protégé at that time, and he was also Wu Daxi's sworn brother, and he had a very good relationship.
Here is to explain a situation, not to say that Wang Yirong found the oracle bone inscription, the so-called inscription on the keel was also shown to Wu Dayi, in the environment at that time, he must have known that this was an ancient script, and the accumulation of research on ancient characters made them sensitive to this aspect, no matter who it was, they could make a most basic judgment.
In the study of the Jin Wen, Wu Dashi and others have always regarded it as the research of the Jin History, and the longer inscriptions such as Mao Gongding, Da Keding, and Sanshi Pan were called "Zhou He's Posthumous Texts" and "True Ancient Texts and Books". Wang Yirong also specially gave the imperial court a lecture to pay attention to the study of Jin Wen and treat it as an important classic of Confucianism.