At the invitation of Yizhou Mu Liu Zhang's suicide in luring the wolf into the house, under the guidance of Fazheng and Meng Da, Liu Bei led General Pang Tong, Huang Zhong, Wei Yan, Huo Jun, Liu Feng and other generals and tens of thousands of infantrymen, first to the north of Jiangzhou (Chongqing), and then to the north of the River to Fucheng (Mianyang, Sichuan) to garrison.
Before Liu Zhang invited Liu Bei to enter Shu, the Cao Wei regime took a walk to dispatch the lieutenant Colonel Zhong Xuan to solicit the smoke bombs of Zhang Lu in Hanzhong, but in fact, Cao Wei's real purpose was to lure the warlords of the Kwantung led by Han Sui and Ma Chao into battle and wipe them out. The weak Liu Zhang, confused and convinced of this rumor, was like a bird of fright, terrified and overwhelmed, and Zhang Song, who had long abandoned the plan of secretly surrendering to Ming, advised Liu Zhang to invite Liu Bei to enter Shu and jointly recruit Zhang Lu.
Liu Bei led the generals into Shu
Liu Zhang personally led more than 30,000 infantry and cavalry from Chengdu, and traveled tirelessly to Fucheng, three hundred and sixty miles away, to meet Liu Bei. When the two armies met, they not only drank for more than a hundred days, but also sent Liu Bei more troops and military funds, so that "a huge number of hundreds of millions of gifts were given before and after", and the friendship of the landlords was really sincere in entertaining guests, which can be described as an enviable honeymoon period between the two sides.
Zhang, with 200,000 yuan of rice, riding a thousand horses, riding a thousand cars, and sending Liu Bei with funds. >>> Book of Wu
The two armies met in Fucheng
There is no unbroken feast in the world, after eating and drinking well, it is time to do something serious, there is no free lunch in the world, Liu Zhang let Liu Bei recruit Zhang Lu, eat people's mouths soft, Liu Bei did not say a word, and more than 30,000 people in the army, north to Ye Meng (Sichuan Guangyuan). Liu Zhang also asked Liu Bei to oversee the garrison at Baishuiguan (Qingchuan, Sichuan) and return to Chengdu himself, in December of the sixteenth year of Jian'an (211).
However, after Liu Bei, a big coffee in thick black learning, took advantage of Liu Zhang's people, he did not do things for others, but instead stationed ye Meng and did not move according to the soldiers, "Thick tree kindness, to win the hearts of the people." "Start your own abacus, stay for a year, but also borrow ten thousand soldiers and grain and grass from Liu Zhang, saying that he is returning to Jingzhou to support Eastern Wu in resisting Cao Wei, Liu Zhang, of course, is not happy, free food for you to drink for a year, not only do not consult Zhang Lu, but also have the good intention to reach out to borrow soldiers to borrow food, really got on the thief ship, dilemma, only promised "Zhang But Xu soldiers four thousand, the rest are given half." ”
Ponton
In fact, Liu Bei adopted the middle plan of the strategist Pang Tong's three strategies to seize Yizhou, but the uninformed insider Zhang Song wrote a letter to persuade Liu Bei and Fazheng, "Now that the great event is about to stand, how to explain this!" Unfortunately, he was denounced by his brother Zhang Su and beheaded by Liu Zhang. Therefore, Liu Bei and Liu Zhang officially tore their faces and opened the Battle of Yizhou, which lasted more than two years, and finally Liu Zhang went out of the city and surrendered.
Among the three strategies that Pang Tong said about seizing Yizhou, the upper strategy was to select elite soldiers, and by surprise, he took Chengdu directly; the middle strategy was to falsely claim to return to Jingzhou to save Sun Quan, borrow grain from Liu Zhang's troops, and if he did not borrow, he would follow the battle in the name of righteousness; the next strategy was to return to the White Emperor's city, wait for the support of Jingzhou's troops, and gradually capture Yizhou.
Judging from the outcome of the war, the final winner was Liu Bei, in order to achieve the ultimate goal of reviving the Han Dynasty, and finally completed the strategic line of "crossing Jing and benefiting" planned by the "Longzhong Pair", but the fly in the ointment was insufficient, and Liu Bei also suffered many losses in the process of entering Yizhou, one of which was the loss of pang Tong, the top strategist of the left arm and right arm; the second was to dispatch troops from Jingzhou and Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, and so on to enter Shu, leaving Guan Yu alone to lead the people of Jingzhou, laying the groundwork for Eastern Wu to attack Jingzhou; the third took too long. The period from Liu Bei's entry into Shu to the entry into Yizhou lasted more than three years, coupled with the dispute with Eastern Wu over the southern counties of Jingzhou, a missed opportunity, and Hanzhong was first occupied by Cao Wei, and then through fierce battles.
Zhuge Liang waited for Shu
Sure enough, is the three strategies offered by Pang Tong the best? Or is there another best policy? Boldly suppose, if Liu Bei went directly to recruit Zhang Luqi in Hanzhong, what would be the result?
In the sixteenth year of Jian'an (211) of the year when Liu Bei entered Shu, in September, Cao Cao defeated the Kwantung armies at Tongguan, and Ma Chao and Han Sui fled to Liangzhou; in December, after conquering another Kwantung warlord yang Qiu of Anding, because Tian Yin and Su Bo rebelled in hejian, xiahou Yuantun Chang'an was left behind, with Zhang As the capital Zhaoyin, and returned to Yecheng himself; in the spring of the eighteenth year of Jian'an (213), Cao Cao personally led 400,000 infantry cavalry, marched into Wusukou and conquered Eastern Wu, and finally due to the great rise of the Yangtze River in the spring, coupled with the extraordinary nature of the Eastern Wu army, Cao Cao lamented in the face of the Yangtze River that "having a son should be like Sun Zhongmou" and returned without success; in March of the twentieth year of Jian'an (215), he began to personally conquer Hanzhong.
There was a gap of more than three years between Liu Bei's entry into Shu and Cao Cao's personal conquest of Hanzhong, and Cao Cao's expedition in March and the capture of Nanzheng (Hanzhong, Shaanxi), the seat of Hanzhong rule, took only half a year. If Liu Bei took the direct conquest of Zhang Lu, would he be able to capture it in a short period of time?
It can be said that there are certainly not many obstacles, because Liu Jun has the following advantages over Cao Jun:
First, as the saying goes, "The soldiers and horses have not moved, and the grain and grass have gone first." It can be seen that the importance of material transportation in war, in the war-torn Three Kingdoms era, there were often grain shortages, and the second and fourth Northern Expeditions launched by Zhuge Liang failed due to lack of grain. Compared with Cao Jun, Liu Jun not only had a short material transportation distance, but also had the support of Yizhou, a large rear area within easy reach, and there was no worry about insufficient grain and grass.
Location map of Ye Meng Guan
Second, at that time, Liu Bei had 30,000 soldiers in his hands, plus Generals such as Huang Zhong, Wei Yan, Liu Feng, and Huo Jun, who could be described as strong and brave, as well as a White Water Army that could be mobilized at will, plus Liu Zhang's 100,000 troops as a backing, the number was no less than Cao Wei's 100,000 troops. Compared with Zhang Lu, who has 100,000 households (with a population of 400,000-500,000 and a military strength of 10% of the population), at most 50,000 troops, there is a numerical advantage.
Third, the road distance from Yizhou to Hanzhong is short and not steep compared to Guanzhong to Hanzhong, and Liu Zhangjun, who is familiar with the geography of Hanzhong, can be used as a pioneer force, so that the main conscription troops can quickly advance into the hinterland of Hanzhong.
The above can be concluded that Liu Bei can capture Hanzhong in half a year in a short period of half a year, and a long time in one or two years, which is definitely not a paper talk, but a fact with a high probability of realization. After Liu Bei directly captured Hanzhong, what were the benefits to the Shu Han clique?
Zhang Song, Fa Zheng
First, Zhang Song had a pivotal position in Yizhou, and with the assistance of Fazheng, who could be good at judging, persuaded the clans in Yizhou to join Liu Bei's camp.
Persuade Liu Zhang or force Liu Zhang to surrender to Yizhou
This is not a fool's dream, there are successful cases of Yuan Shao coercing Han Fu to occupy Jizhou.
As the saying goes, "A good bird chooses a tree to perch, and a good subject chooses the Lord." What's more, "Not only the king chooses the subject, but the subject also chooses the king." "Things are commonplace during the Three Kingdoms period, people who think that Liu Zhang's replacement by others is a matter of time, not only Zhang Song and Fazheng, but also many Yizhou Junjie who are aware of current affairs, so the probability of letting Liu Zhang give up yizhou is still quite high.
Second, after occupying Hanzhong and Yizhou, send Meng Da and Liu Feng or one or two of the generals Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and Zhao Yun to attack the Shangyong region
Not only did it further consolidate the security of the Yizhou base camp, but it also added a route to attack Cao Wei - along the Han River, attacking the Xiangyang and Fancheng areas, and directly leading to Yang and Xuchang.
In fact, after capturing Yizhou, it was to send Meng Da and Liu Feng to occupy the Shangyong region, only because Guan Yu lost Jingzhou later, resulting in a chain reaction and losing the Shangyong region one after another.
Guan yu
Third, from the spring of the third year of Jianxing (225) to the autumn of that year, Zhuge Liang personally conquered the southern central region of the backyard of Dingding Yizhou to eliminate the worries of the Shu Han regime. After occupying Hanzhong and Yizhou, Liu Bei sat in the town, with Pang Tong or Fazheng as his staff, and pacified Nanzhong, which was more able to ensure the safety of Yizhou, plus the Nanzhong region, which was rich in gold, silver, lacquer, cultivating cattle, and war horses, not only enriched military expenses, but also selected soldiers of few nationalities who were good at war to be incorporated into the Shu army.
Strengthen the Shu Han regime
For example, Wang Ping's 10,000 "Wudang Flying Army" composed of soldiers of the Qing and Qiang ethnic groups, and Li Yanjiangzhou's soldiers, who were mainly brave and good at fighting soldiers, were lied to the army.
Nantu Pingding ,... ... ... He moved his marshal to Chengdu and endowed him with gold, silver, and rhinoceros leather, which were used as military funds, and there was no shortage of expenses at that time. >>> Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Fourth, if Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, and Zhao Yun stay in Jingzhou, there will be no loss of Jingzhou, and sun and Liu alliances will continue to be maintained, and then there will be no Battle of Yiling.
The Shu Han regime could have the jingzhou, Yizhou, and Shangyong regions, and unite with Eastern Wu to jointly fight against Cao Wei, and the chances of achieving the revival of the Han dynasty were greatly increased
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Three Kingdoms and Three Giants
Things in the world are difficult to predict, what is right and which is wrong, only the parties know best, as a latecomer, we can only speculate. As pang Tong, a super-first-class strategist who was extremely clever at that time, perhaps the wise man had a thousand worries and also had a mistake, or the core layers of the group, including the boss Liu Bei, the think tank Zhuge Liang, and Pang Tong, did not think of a plan to directly capture Hanzhong, but at that time, for the Shu Han clique, it was too urgent to capture Yizhou and abandon the strategy of attacking and occupying Hanzhong, which had many advantages over the three strategies, and directly adopted the middle strategy.
At that time, if Liu Bei directly attacked Hanzhong and gradually captured the Yizhou and Shangyong regions, and then united with Eastern Wu to fight together on both the eastern and western sides, so that Cao Wei was exhausted, unable to recuperate, and his strength could not advance, but let Eastern Wu and Shu Han gradually encroach on Cao Wei's territory, who could conclude that Sun Liu's combined army could not defeat Cao Wei in the end? After that, Eastern Wu and Shu Han chased after the Central Plains, who can conclude that Shu Han could not unify the world?