On September 9, 1945, Ninji Okamura, commander-in-chief of the Japanese-Chinese Dispatch Army, said with emotion after the ceremony of surrender to China:
"I surrendered to my closest Chinese friend, He Yingqin, and I also felt a sense of safety in my heart."
Of course, he would have a sense of safety, and at the ceremony of China's surrender, Okamura Ninji bowed to the Chinese representative He Yingqin.
As the representative of the victorious powers, He Yingqin actually stood and saluted Okamura Ningji, as if attending a reciprocal diplomatic ceremony.
The representatives of both sides and the guests present were shocked, and Okamura Ninji received an unimaginable surprise.
In 1945, Japan surrendered
In the following days, Okamura Ningji was constantly surprised, and on December 23, Chiang Kai-shek personally received Okamura Ningji in Nanjing, without any reprimand to him, only meticulous concern, telling him what requirements he had in life, as if he were a distinguished guest.
Okamura ningji recalled this meeting, and all that came to mind was Chiang Kai-shek
"Always smiling and approachable"
image.
Okamura Ningji was undoubtedly the biggest war criminal of the Japanese army invading China, so why did Chiang Kai-shek and He Yingqin treat him so bloodily?
The reason is that Chiang Kai-shek, He Yingqin, and the like disregarded the heinous crimes committed by the Japanese army in our country, and as soon as the War of Resistance was over, they wanted to take the Japanese army as a force against our party.
Okamura Ninji
After Japan announced its surrender, the main force of our army that carried out anti-Japanese guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines, close to the Japanese-occupied areas, could quickly accept the surrender of the Japanese army and receive the equipment of the Japanese army and the cities occupied.
However, Chiang Kai-shek's main force was far away from the Japanese-occupied areas, and it would take time to enter the Japanese-occupied areas, and Chiang Kai-shek was so worried about this situation that he did not hesitate to use the strength of the Japanese army to prevent our army from recovering the national territory.
As the supreme commander of the Japanese army invading China, Okamura Ningji was very aware of Chiang Kai-shek's intentions; during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Hu Zongnan's elite army did not participate in the war against Japan, but had been deterring Yan'an, which was enough to let him understand that Chiang Kai-shek and our army would eventually confront each other in an all-round way.
Under the influence of this understanding, on August 27, 1945, Leng Xin, deputy chief of staff of the Nationalist Army, went to Nanjing to arrange the surrender to Okamura Ningji
Okamura Ningji actually expressed to Leng Xin that he was willing to use the 1.28 million Japanese troops in China to help the Kuomintang attack our army.
This crazy idea, Chiang Kai-shek is jealous of the world's public opinion and the interests of the United States and the Soviet Union, and certainly does not dare to accept it. However, Okamura Ningji's attitude was still deeply appreciated by Chiang Kai-shek, and a few days later, the Kuomintang top brass and Okamura Ningji set the "unspoken rules":
The Japanese army only surrendered to the Nationalist government, and other armed forces entered the Japanese-occupied areas, and the Japanese army could be regarded as "disturbing the peace" and counterattacked in self-defense
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Okamura asked the Japanese to do as the Kuomintang demanded, and the Nationalist government promised not to treat him as a war criminal.
Okamura knew that his sins were so great that he could not escape the surrender of Japan
Receiving this promise from the Kuomintang really made him overjoyed, and naturally spared no effort to serve Chiang Kai-shek's intentions.
The instructions given to Okamura by the Japanese base camp were not to help Chiang Kai-shek surrender, but to create opportunities for him to provoke a conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union.
It is a good way to provoke a conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union, immediately lay down its weapons, let our army quickly recover a large area of land, and force the United States to directly help Chiang Kai-shek in waging war against our army.
The Japanese invasion of China
In order to curry favor with Chiang Kai-shek and win the chance to survive, Okamura Ningji did not hesitate to disobey the orders of the base camp and let the Japanese army "take care of the family" for Chiang Kai-shek.
In north China, Japan has been surrendering for several months, and there are still established Japanese troops, which is evidenced by chiang kai-shek and Okamura Ningji's secret passage.
Okamura Ninji offered his courtesy to Chiang Kai-shek, and Chiang Kai-shek also repaid the favor, and in order to give face to the Japanese army, the Kuomintang initially prepared to use a round table to show equal treatment, but later under the intervention of the United States, it was necessary to use a rectangular table.
However, He Yingqin still used the return gift to restore face to Okamura Ninji and the Japanese army at the surrender ceremony.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, our country sacrificed thirty-five million compatriots, and these high-ranking kuomintang officials still wanted to give equal treatment to the Japanese army, not knowing which country they really were.
He Yingqin
Not only did Okamura Ninji help the Kuomintang "take care of the family," But Chiang Kai-shek and He Yingqin also regarded Okamura Ninji as a rare military adviser. He Yingqin secretly instructed Okamura Ningji to write a material about the Chinese army, and Okamura Ningji dedicated it to the Kuomintang
"Looking at the Chinese Army from a Hostile Standpoint"
article.
What interested the KMT top brass most about this article was that
Okamura Ninji made an analysis of our army based on his long-term experience in fighting with our army.
Chiang Kai-shek's desire to remove Okamura from the list of war criminals was not an easy task. After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, our Party made a list of tens of thousands of Japanese war criminals, and Okamura Ningji was undoubtedly listed as the number one war criminal.
Chiang Kai-shek forbade the publication of this list of war criminals, but the whole country regarded Okamura Ningji as the number one war criminal of the Japanese army invading China.
Not only does our country regard Ninji Okamura as a war criminal, but the anti-fascist camp in the world regards him as a war criminal. Chiang Kai-shek first covered up for Okamura on the grounds that he needed Okamura to handle matters such as the repatriation of japanese troops.
In November 1946, when the International Military Tribunal for the Far East asked Okamura ningji to return to Japan to testify, at the behest of Chiang Kai-shek, the Nationalist government delayed him on the grounds of poor health and unfinished business, fearing that he would be taken into custody by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East.
Afraid of what is coming, it was not long before the International Military Tribunal for the Far East listed Okamura Ninji as a war criminal, and it was impossible for Chiang Kai-shek to think that he would not treat Okamura Ninji as a war criminal.
He had no choice but to block the gun for Okamura In the name of China, saying that he would leave Okamura Ninji in China for trial.
At this point, Chiang Kai-shek knew that he would not be able to answer to the people of the world without trying Okamura Ningji. Therefore, some people at the top of the Kuomintang promised Okamura Ningji that the trial would also be a formality and would definitely be taken lightly against him.
Okamura did not feel deceived by Chiang Kai-shek, he knew that it was not realistic to ask not to be tried as a war criminal for the crimes he had committed, and it would have been a blessing for Chiang Kai-shek to have saved his life.
The stamper is Ninji Okamura
In order to give him the best opportunity to try him, Chiang Kai-shek postponed his trial again and again until April 1948, when the trial of war criminals by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in our country and the Far East was almost over, and Chiang Kai-shek could no longer delay it, so he had to put the trial of Okamura Ningji on the agenda.
The Kuomintang made a show with a cheeky face, and on July 7, the anniversary of the full outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, it finally issued a summons to Okamura Ningji to appear in court for trial on the 12th.
As soon as the preliminary trial ended on the 12th, the Kuomintang top brass issued a medical parole for Okamura Ningji and thoughtfully spared him the pain of detention.
On August 23, the public trial of Okamura Ningji officially began, and Okamura Ningji's lawyer said something surprising:
"Okamura is not guilty and should be released."
This sentence not only stunned the judges and observers, but even Okamura Ningji himself felt strange. This lawyer is an authentic Chinese named Jiang Yiping, a well-known barrister in Shanghai.
Even war criminals who have committed the most heinous crimes have the right to ask a lawyer to defend them, and it is not an exaggeration for Chinese lawyers to defend Japanese war criminals according to law.
Jiang Yiping
However, where did this jiang lawyer's courage to defend Okamura Ningji's innocence come from, and what kind of heart did he have, and would he have no feeling for Okamura Ningji's crime of killing his compatriots?
Jiang Yiping was also a young lawyer full of patriotic passion, and his father served as a civilian patrol in the Qing Dynasty, and he can also be regarded as a legal-related industry. He graduated from university in 1923 at the age of twenty-five, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree from Fudan University and a Bachelor of Laws degree from Soochow University.
The talented Jiang Yiping, soon after leaving the school, was appreciated by the British Concession authorities in Shanghai and hired him as a lawyer in the Shanghai British Concession Public Trial Court. The Public Court of Trial was established on the basis of consular jurisdiction in unequal treaties, and the concession-owning state enjoyed the judicial power within the concession.
The public trial court has great power in the concession, and the first-instance judgment cannot be appealed. As a lawyer hired by the public trial court, Jiang Yiping also became a smeller of Shanghai Beach, and at a young age, he had an extraordinary social status.
Eating the meal of the public trial court, Jiang Yiping did not regard himself as a lackey of foreigners.
On May 14, 1925, the Japanese spinning mill in Shanghai unjustifiably expelled the workers, triggering a workers' strike, and the Japanese capitalists shot and killed the worker Gu Zhenghong, arousing strong anger from all walks of life in Shanghai.
On May 30, Shanghai citizens and students in the British Concession held a demonstration in solidarity with the mill workers and put forward the slogan of overthrowing imperialism and taking back the concession.
The British concession authorities sent patrols to suppress it, brazenly shooting and killing more than a dozen people, seriously injuring dozens more than another, and arresting more than one hundred and fifty people, creating the appalling "May Thirtieth Massacre."
May Thirtieth Movement
At this juncture, Jiang Yiping, as a lawyer in the public trial court, sided with his compatriots, and as a lawyer, he strongly protested to the Patrol of the British Concession, and actively collected evidence, stood out for the striking workers, and did his best to defend the arrested students.
After the arrested student was released, Jiang Yiping played his due role, and his actions also won him the respect of the citizens of Shanghai.
During this period, Jiang Yiping was upright and enthusiastic, and the vulnerable groups entrusted him with legal affairs, he always did his best, and he did not attach himself to the powerful and despise the behavior of ordinary people, and ordinary people also trusted him.
Standing on the side of the people, he naturally could not curry favor in front of the concession authorities, and Jiang Yiping's career stagnated as a result, which made him feel deeply uneven in his heart.
Just when he seemed helpless, Yu Qiaqing, one of the most tycoons in Shanghai Beach, found him and offered to make him his son-in-law.
Yu Qiaqing started in Shanghai as an errand boy for foreigners, and gradually became a top-notch comprador capitalist, whose industries involved finance, steamship and shipping, etc. In 1920, he had become the president of the All-China Chamber of Commerce and Industry, and in 1924 he became the president of the Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce.
Yu Qiaqing
Such a figure does not seem to be the same as Jiang Yiping, who ran for the anti-imperialist and patriotic masses in the "May Thirtieth Movement", while Yu Qiaqing organized one
The Wupin Committee, which specializes in opposing the anti-imperialist Shanghai Federation of Industry and Commerce, confuses the public opinion with the face of the Chinese people, modifies the conditions of negotiations between compatriots from all walks of life and the British concession authorities without consultation, and advocates the cessation of strikes and the division and disintegration of anti-imperialist forces.
However, Yu Qiaqing's eyes were poisonous, and he felt that Jiang Yiping was the same person as him in his bones. Jiang Yiping's act of asking for the people's life is nothing more than winning fame and paving the way for his own future. Now that he has sent a future for Jiang Yiping, Jiang Yiping will certainly not refuse.
Yu Qiaqing did not misread Jiang Yiping and gave Yu Qiaqing the benefits of being a son-in-law, Jiang Yiping could not refuse, marrying Yu Qiaqing's daughter who was more than ten years older than himself, and could not prevent him from defecting to Yu Qiaqing.
And Yu Qiaqing turned Jiang Yiping into his own all the way, in addition to completing his eldest daughter, he also had to use Jiang Yiping's talent to help himself.
Holding Yu Qiaqing's thick legs, Jiang Yiping flew up as he wished. He first received a doctorate from Fudan University, then became an honorary professor at several universities, and a year before the All-out War of Resistance, he was elected as a representative of the Constitutional National Assembly.
He was the son-in-law of Yu Qiaqing, and from 1927, Yu Qiaqing was one of Chiang Kai-shek's main financiers, which made him less than forty years old to have such a person's birth, which he knew and believed deeply.
By clinging to the powerful and ascending to power, Jiang Yiping also abandoned the ordinary people and ignored the judicial appeals of the lower classes. In the legal profession, Jiang Yiping overbeared others, flew and suppressed young lawyers, and was arrogant and rude to some old lawyers with prestige, regarding himself as a big man in the Shanghai legal profession, and the people of Shanghai were deeply disappointed in him.
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Yu Qiaqing gathered Jiang Yiping and established the Shanghai Refugee Association, with Yu Qiaqing as its president, calling on businessmen to donate money to relieve refugees.
It seems that he is doing public welfare and charity, but in fact, in the name of the relief association, Yu Qiaqing transported a huge amount of rice from Saigon, Vietnam, to Shanghai duty-free, earning enough money for the country.
Old Taishan's means of making profits also taught Jiang Yiping a vivid lesson, making him feel that ordinary people were just tools and victims of tycoons and magnates.
However, when Wang Jingwei defected to the Japanese and established a puppet regime in Nanjing, trying to borrow Jiang Yiping's fame and talent to make him the minister of justice of the puppet regime, Jiang Yiping did not lose his footing.
Whether it was out of trade-offs or some national consciousness, he eventually refused Wang Jingwei's invitation and fled from Shanghai to Chongqing.
His old Taishan Yu Qiaqing also went to Chongqing like him and did not hook up with the Japanese. After all, Yu Qiaqing started by being a comprador of the Western powers, and he also had major interests with Chiang Kai-shek, and it was impossible to side with the Japanese.
In 1945, Yu Qiaqing died of illness in Chongqing, and Jiang Yiping was somewhat lost to lose this big backer.
However, "good luck" always seems to accompany him, and before the public trial of Okamura Ningji, Chiang Kai-shek approached him and asked him to defend Okamura Ningji.
Wang Jingwei
Jiang Yiping reappeared in a trance yesterday, feeling that this was like the same opportunity for Yu Qiaqing to find him as a son-in-law, which could make him hold a thicker leg and help his life to a new height.
He did not hesitate to agree to come down, women in their teens dare to marry, this time to do what he does not dare to do, not to mention that behind the support is a big man like Chiang Kai-shek.
As a lawyer, Okamura Ningji has no war crimes, and Jiang Yiping could not have been clearer.
Japanese officers of the Shōjo faction were the backbone of the militarist war that supported Emperor Showa, and the birth date of the Showa warlords was generally recognized by Japanese historians as the end of October 1921.
On this day, in the aristocratic mineral spa of Baden-Baden, Germany, three Japanese military attachés with the rank of Shōsa gathered together for a secret meeting.
Outside the door was a Japanese minion who was letting go of the three young samurai, and his name was Hideki Tojo.
Hideki Tojo
The content of these three conspiracies is to end domestic corruption. The connotation of this corruption is different from the economic corruption that is now called, and it refers to Japan
The domain dominated the Japanese military, making it difficult for Emperor Showa to do anything.
One of the three shōsa is Nagata Tetsuyama, one is Toshishiro Obata, and the other is Okamura Ninji.
These three people were later called "three feathered birds", which in Chinese means three jie.
In this conspiracy, the three selected seven military attachés stationed abroad who did not belong to the Army Clan, forming the basic framework of the Showa warlords.
When Emperor Showa plotted against the "Three Feathered Birds", he was still the crown prince, and Okamura Ningji was already anxious to pave the way for the culprits of the war.
One of the reasons why Japan launched a war of aggression was that the Showa warlords wanted to completely seize military power from the hands of the clan through war.
On the basis of this, Okamura Ninji did not have war crimes, then Hitler, Himmler, Goering, these Nazi culprits did not have war crimes, and was it not a miscarriage of justice that Goering was hanged?
Toshiro Obata
Provoking a war of aggression and causing the destruction of lives is the greatest element of war crimes, and Jiang Yiping knows everything about this. Okamura Ninji did not commit war crimes, Hideki Tojo could have won the peace prize, and Jiang Yiping dared to defend Okamura Ninji's innocence, obviously the confidence did not come from the law.
The crimes committed by Okamura Ninji in the war are too numerous to describe, and the massacre of civilians alone, Okamura Ningji's "Three Lights Policy" in North China, has killed countless innocent people.
The "three-light policy" is simply to burn the light, kill the light, and grab the light. Beginning in 1939, in order to eliminate our Party's anti-Japanese armed forces in North China, the Commander of the North China Front, Jun Tada, proposed the strategy of "ember annihilation operations" by the commander of the North China Front, sending troops to sweep up our anti-Japanese base areas, massacre the masses in the anti-Japanese base areas, burn houses, snatch and destroy all daily necessities, and create no man's land in an attempt to make our anti-Japanese armed forces unable to survive.
In 1941, Okamura was promoted to general and took over as the commander of the North China Front, pushing the "Ember Annihilation Operation" to the extreme.
Moreover, this kind of tragic tactic, the Japanese army also systematized, scaled, and long-term.
In the land of North China, the atrocities of the Japanese army slaughtering villages and exterminating households are innumerable, and Okamura Ningji has committed a crime against humanity that cannot be redeemed for a hundred deaths, and defending the innocence of such a devil really requires a devil-like mentality.
Jiang Yiping has such a mentality, he went around collecting information on Okamura Ningji and looking for "evidence" of innocence for him. Okamura Ninji and his unrelated reasons, he decided to defend Okamura Ninji's innocence, nothing more than to comply with Chiang Kai-shek's intentions, so as to take advantage of Chiang Kai-shek's momentum and soar to the sky.
At this trial, the only requirement he made to Chiang Kai-shek was not to reveal his identity in advance, so as not to invite trouble, and it seems that he also knew that he was playing with fire.
However, his old father still knew in advance what he was going to do, and couldn't help but scold him for losing the face of the Jiang family, and wanted the Jiang family to be scolded by everything.
In the face of his father's scolding, Jiang Yiping was not moved, and perhaps thought that his father's ideas were very superficial, and he Taishan and his own experience were telling him that the general public did not have to pay attention to their hearts, and only by hugging their thick legs could they have a great future.
Chiang Kai-shek also did not take the masses seriously, and when he conspired with Yu Qiaqing to "April 12", he frankly admitted that no matter how many poor people there were, they could not do anything.
Therefore, he chose to unite with the Jiangsu and Zhejiang consortiums, marry the Song family to hold the thick legs of Britain and the United States, and climb to the peak of power to oppose the people of the world.
He died to protect Okamura Ninji, not to lecture with Okamura Ninji, nor to return Okamura Ninji to help him grab the land. At the time of Okamura's trial, the civil war situation was already very unfavorable to the Kuomintang, and he may have been preparing for the future support of The Japanese right-wing forces.
During the trial, Jiang Yiping not only disregarded the facts, but also listed the "evidence" of Okamura Ningji's innocence.
He even frantically pointed out that Okamura Ningji was doing a good job for the people of North China by cracking down on profiteers and making it easier for peasants to obtain cotton cloth.
As soon as the words came out, there were boos in the courtroom, and the observers had no idea that lawyers in their own countries would say such a thing.
Encouraged by Jiang Yiping, Okamura Ningji also pretended to be innocent in his self-defense and said some innocuous "mistakes", and the observers could no longer hold back their anger, disregarding the order of the court, and scolding Okamura Ningji and Jiang Yiping.
The judge of this trial, Soong Mei-yu, really obeyed the lawyer chosen by Chiang Kai-shek. He had estimated that no matter how much he did, he would have to sentence Okamura Ning for seven years before he could barely block the mouth of the world.
Seeing that Jiang Yiping provoked public anger, the court will lose control, it is not just right to adjourn the court, and use this as an excuse to not open the trial next time, and really can acquit Okamura Ningji.
Okamura Ninji in the trial court
The Kuomintang did exactly this, and in january 1949, during a closed trial, Jiang Yiping made a final statement, asking the court to acquit Okamura Ningji.
Shi Meiyu was "as good as a stream" and announced Okamura Ningji's acquittal in court, and Okamura Ningji suppressed the ecstasy in his heart and turned his grateful eyes to Jiang Yiping.
Not long after Okamura Ningji was released, the People's Liberation Army approached the Yangtze River and Chiang Kai-shek went down. The People's Liberation Army proposed to Acting President Li Zongren to hand over Okamura Ninji to the PEOPLE's Liberation Army, and Chiang Kai-shek, with the consent of the United States, quickly asked Tang Enbo to send someone to escort Okamura Ninji back to Japan by boat, and finally let this big devil escape the liquidation of the Chinese.
After receiving the news that Okamura Ningji had returned to Japan, the domestic crowd was surging and the media's overwhelming condemnation pointed to Jiang Yiping. Forced by the will of the people, Chiang Kai-shek had no choice but to withdraw the official post given to Jiang Yiping and reserved only one idle post for him.
This time, he hugged Chiang Kai-shek's thick legs and made enemies of the whole nation, not only failed to soar to the sky, but also killed his old father, his wife also divorced him, friends broke off friendship with him, and he became a plague god that everyone avoided.
After the People's Liberation Army crossed the river, Jiang Yiping went to Taiwan.
In Taiwan, he got a "friend", and this "friend" was Okamura Ningji, Okamura Ningji wrote to him to express his gratitude, and in 1961 he went to Taiwan to visit him.
Unfortunately, he could not change his genes to Japanese, and after his death, he was also a "well-deserved" national scum, and Okamura Ningji, the only friend, became the biggest mockery of him.