In the same way, there are many people who rob the country of money, indulge in power, and lose themselves in desires. Instead of contributing to the stability of the country, it obstructs everywhere in order to achieve the purpose of safeguarding one's own selfish interests.
Ma Hongkui, one of the four horses in the northwest, is like this, although he enjoys a lifetime of wealth, but his life always has an end, in order to save himself in the chaotic world, he will eventually be exiled in his old age, and he will not be allowed to return to his homeland until he dies.
Then zhengrong's whole life will look at the untouchable hometown when he gets off the horse.
The king of Ningxia who was half-born
Born in 1892, Ma Hongkui grew up in a martial arts family, and he learned martial arts from an early age under the guidance of his family.
Ma Jiazushang was a Hui who lived in the Shaanxi-Gansu region for a long time, but because of his ancestors' meritorious efforts in persuading his fellow tribes to surrender to Qing, he was called "Lianghui". Later, the family was even more prominent, and its reputation in the local area was increasing.
This family has had a keen sense of following the trend for generations, and the Ma family is still martial, who has contributed to the battle of the Eight-Nation Alliance and is even more used by the court.
Ma Hongkui, who grew up in such a prominent family, grew up pretentious, but equally, he also had proud capital.
However, the invasion of Western powers intensified the dissatisfaction of this aspiring young man with the court, and from the age of eighteen, he concealed his family's participation in various anti-Qing activities, and secretly joined the League, becoming the first revolutionary to call for the overthrow of feudal society.
Therefore, when the Xinhai Revolution achieved a stage victory, Ma Hongkui came to Nanjing as a proton of Yuan Shikai to contain local forces. Because of his meritorious service in the revolution, he was also awarded the rank of major general in the army.
It was here that he became acquainted with many of the generals in power at that time, and learned important rules of survival in the undercurrent of power struggles. Since then, he has embarked on the road of deviating from the revolution.
Although he experienced restoration and defeat during this period, Ma Hongkui's long-sleeved good dance allowed him to rise higher and higher under different authorities, and by 1919, he had the title of brigade commander.
Since the fall of Yuan Shikai, the warlords in various places have divided their territories, and these generals with armies have become the emperors of the earth who occupy one side.
Born in the Xiwu family, Ma Hongkui obviously did not have any flowers, and he learned martial arts and martial arts since he was a child, and he constantly expanded his power in the chaos of the warlords in the later period, collecting troops and buying horses, and his strength increased greatly.
At that time, Ma Hongkui was still under Feng Yuxiang, who was also born in the northwest, and in 1926 he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Fourth Route Army of the Allied Army, and he was entrusted with important tasks because of his meritorious command of operations.
But such a successful general can naturally see the current situation clearly and make the most beneficial and avoidance of disadvantages.
At this time, the contradiction between Feng Yuxiang and his brother Chiang Kai-shek had surfaced. At that time, China was facing multiple pressures of warlord chaos, banditry, and Japanese invasion of China.
The eyesight that Ma Hongkui had cultivated in the family since childhood gradually tilted his balance to Chiang Kai-shek's side, and he formally defected to Chiang Kai-shek in May 1929.
In the face of Ma Hongkui's support, Chiang Kai-shek immediately rewarded and gave back, not only for his expansion and promotion, but also for hundreds of thousands of silver and more than a thousand guns.
After that, Ma Hongkui followed Chiang Kai-shek's leadership all the way to participate in the encirclement and suppression of the Red Army. It seems that from this time on, Ma Hongkui's life was doomed to a tragic end.
Because of the ineffective suppression of bandits in the later period, Chiang Kai-shek gradually became dissatisfied with Ma Hongkui, and at this time, Ma Hongkui once again saw the opportunity and pleaded with his father to retire to the rear on the grounds that his father was seriously ill.
Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek also gave him a step and appointed Ma Hongkui as the chairman of Ningxia Province, but this was not the territory promised by Chiang Kai-shek at the beginning, but all the unfairness had to be forced to return to Ningxia to take office.
In this regard, Ma Hongkui became the Emperor of Tu in Ningxia, and the governance of one side was decided by him alone. As soon as he took office, Ma Hongkui set off several fires, resolutely eliminated tobacco and drug bandits, and formulated various codes of conduct for local civil servants.
It was a strenuous posture but continued to amass wealth to expand the army.
Since seizing real power in Ningxia, Ma Hongkui first eliminated dissidents, snubbed the officials installed by Chiang Kai-shek one by one, and made a number of cronies become the leaders of various organs in Ningxia.
At that time, all the people up and down in Ningxia obeyed Ma Hongkui, and this Tu Emperor could be described as worthy of the name.
In order to consolidate his local power, Ma Hongkui united with Ma Bufang, Ma Buqing, and Ma Hongbin to achieve a unity of mutual help and non-interference.
All of them were hui and powerful warlords in the west and arctic, and the four were known as the "four horses in the northwest", which gave them the guarantee of power, but also attracted the envy of the national government at that time.
In this way, the whole of Ningxia and even the northwest seemed to be the rise of another local warlord. But in the face of powerful local forces and the army in Ma Hongkui's hands, Chiang Kai-shek obviously did not fight hard, and was as cunning as he was, and came up with a method of killing two birds with one stone.
At that time, Sun Dianying recruited soldiers, bought horses and bribed others by stealing the wealth obtained from the imperial tomb, and grew stronger step by step, and became more and more rampant for others. Chiang Kai-shek was not pleased, and in order to weaken his strength, in 1935 he ordered Sun Dianying to go to Qinghai to take up a post.
When the four horses heard that the power of the northwest would be encroached upon by others, they immediately gathered various armies to send troops to block it. At this pass in Ningxia, 40,000 soldiers and horses were called on, and Sun Dianying, who could not attack and was cut off from retreat, was dismissed from all posts by Chiang Kai-shek.
In the end, Sun Dianying was defeated in disgrace, and the four horses in the northwest were also seriously injured due to the multi-day confrontation. However, Chiang Kai-shek allowed the four horses to resist Sun and reap the benefits of the fisherman.
Ma Hongkui had not yet reacted to his own schemes, and was once again pinched by Chiang Kai-shek as the main force encircling and suppressing the Red Army.
In 1936, our army ended the Long March and rendezvoused in Gansu, and Ningxia became a major encirclement and suppression center as a neighboring area. Chiang Kai-shek personally came here to command, and Ma Hongkui could only join the camp of encircling and suppressing the Red Army in order not to be encroached upon by his territory.
This was followed by the all-out invasion of China by the Japanese army, and in the face of the pressure of various wars, Ma Hongkui wantonly seized and collected Zhuang Ding's army in Ningxia.
These battles caused Ma Hongkui's army to lose a lot, and he chose to passively respond to the battle when he wanted to live in a corner and be the king of the place. As long as the local power is in his own hands, it does not matter to him who the victory is.
For the sake of temporary stability, Ma Hongkui had to submit to Chiang Kai-shek once again. However, Chiang Kai-shek gave the position of military and political chief of the northwest to another of the four horses, Ma Bufang.
Since then, the closely united northwest four horses have also given rise to a gap, and after several twists and turns, Chiang Kai-shek still completed the purpose of disintegrating the northwest forces.
But also disintegrated was the Nationalist army, which was fighting the Red Army. Corruption within the Kuomintang and the passive response of officers to the battlefield could not confront the broad masses of the people in the end. Even with the support of the United States, the Kuomintang army still could not recover the decline of the war.
Although Ma Hongkui, who was middle-aged, could not get what he wanted most in the power struggle, he had already gained a lot of wealth after more than ten years in Ningxia.
With these looted money, he could also enjoy his old age peacefully, so Ma Hongkui, who could always make the strongest judgment about the situation, resolutely chose to leave his homeland.
With Chiang Kai-shek's defeat in the War of Liberation, these former Nationalist officers also faced sanctions.
At this time, the Nationalist army had withdrawn to Taiwan in large quantities, and in the end, Ma Hongkui abandoned the northwest land where he had lived for many years and boarded a plane to flee to Taiwan with his family.
Charged in Taiwan
Although he fled for Taiwan, Ma Hongkui still carried nearly eight tons of gold. Years of looting in the northwest have allowed the Ma family to accumulate a lot of wealth, and they have also purchased properties in Taiwan and Hong Kong.
As a general of the Nationalist government, Ma Hongkui also thought of reorganizing his career in Taiwan.
However, it backfired, and soon after coming to Taiwan, Ma Hongkui was accused by Ma Bufang and others, saying that his passive preparation for war had led to the defeat of the northwest war situation.
The former Four Horse Brothers discredited him, and Taiwan at that time gathered people from all walks of life, not Ningxia, where he had once ruled, and soon Ma Hongkui was dismissed from his post and investigated.
Although he contributed to Chiang Kai-shek's anti-Feng Yuxiang in his early years, he made many military achievements in the war. However, for many years, dealing with the Nationalist government for its own selfish interests had long made Chiang Kai-shek dissatisfied with it. Without power and without friendship, the veteran has struggled in Taiwan.
In fact, in his early years, Ma Hongkui knew how to hold his thighs very well, and he knew how to do what he liked. On Chiang Kai-shek's sixtieth birthday, a library was specially built for him, and Chiang Kai-shek, who often regarded himself as a reader, liked it very much.
Later, when Chiang Kai-shek arrived in Ningxia, Ma Hongkui personally accompanied him to play, doing his best for his actions, and saddle his horse before and after him.
For quite some time, Chiang Kai-shek also pampered him, not only turning a blind eye to his local forces, but also allowing him to accumulate wealth in Ningxia.
But chiang kai-shek is, after all, a man in power in the National Government, a wise man who wields power. In order to balance the forces of all sides, he did not hesitate to use tactics to make him oppose Sun Dianying and disintegrate the northwest forces. Ma Hongkui, who had lost his army, was no longer valuable to him at this time.
The comfortable life in Ningxia made Ma Hongkui lose his immediate bloodiness, not only allowing the general to lose his initial revolutionary belief in power and wealth, but also allowing him to eventually lose the right to live in his hometown.
The two misjudged the situation and betrayed the people for the benefit of the small group, and finally overturned the ship in the water. However, Chiang Kai-shek still had a lot of power when he came to Taiwan relying on the support of the United States, but Ma Hongkui was left behind by a large number of people.
Born in a martial arts family and fighting on the battlefield for many years, Ma Hongkui, who had been emperor of the earth for decades, lost face in Taiwan in the face of accusations of mistakes in war. Spurn from all directions made him eager to flee this land of right and wrong immediately.
Now that he was unable to move in this place, he planned to leave Taiwan, and when he came to Taiwan, he was accompanied by several wives, and these wives became the tools for him to escape.
With the help of his aunt, Ma Hongkui transferred nearly eight tons of gold to the United States. He also asked his aunt to pretend to be ill in the name of going to the United States for medical treatment, and in 1953, he flew to San Francisco with his family.
Thoughts from a foreign country
Sometimes one wrong step, one wrong step. There may be even more despairing darkness when one goes to the bottom.
In the end, Ma Hongkui came to the United States with his wife and children and eight tons of gold, and he did not want to return to Taiwan, which made him sad. Faced with Chiang Kai-shek's repeated recalls, Ma Hongkui turned a deaf ear and settled in Los Angeles ever since.
The situation in Taiwan made it difficult for him to move there, but coming to the United States, where the cultural customs of another hemisphere are very different, also made Ma Hongkui unable to adapt for a long time.
Even with a lot of money, there is still no peaceful old age here, and there is only a farce of chickens flying and dogs jumping.
The King of Ningxia, who dominated the northwest at the time, is now just an old Chinese man who doesn't know English, and although the United States accepts immigrants of all colors and identities from all over the world, racial discrimination is still a major problem, let alone in the fifties.
At that time, there were many Chinese who emigrated to the United States, some refugees, some to evade political sanctions. All walks of life were reunited in foreign countries, and once again one small force after another was formed.
At this time, Ma Hongkui was dismissed from his post and expelled from the Kuomintang on charges of dereliction of duty in the war, and even in the Chinese circles in the United States, he had no place to stay.
But fortunately, he still has a lot of gold, which is hard currency in any war-torn era. With this gold, he bought multiple properties in Los Angeles and several ranches to prevent him from sitting on the sidelines.
In the exotic manor, Ma Hongkui once again stepped on horseback and galloped on the grass to remember the early years of Yingfa, but in the end he could not hide the desolation of the twilight.
Apparently, at that time, he did not have the foresight of rising house prices, and bought so many houses just to accommodate the three wives and many children.
Although Ma Hongkui lost his power and reputation, fortunately, he still has his family, and there is hope for some people, but in the same way, there are many people who have trouble.
It was not only Ma Hongkui who was dissatisfied with the water and soil, the family was the first time to come to this strange country, and before they could fully adapt, the contradictions of the old years broke out together.
Ma Hongkui married Mrs. Jiufang in his lifetime, and when he was in Ningxia, he had already had several disputes in order to compete for the power of the back house and the favor of her husband, and the estrangement had long been laid.
Although only three aunts came to the United States, the fourth aunt and the fifth aunt were the most unsophisticated, and the two targeted each other everywhere, which can be described as the king not seeing the king.
At the beginning, there were still a lot of land and people in Ningxia for the two aunts to pretend, and after coming to the United States, they had to face the problem of living and spending together.
When the fourth aunt was in Ningxia, she helped Ma Hongkui run the company, and when she came to the United States, she also entrusted her living expenses to manage. Since then, the fourth aunt has repeatedly deducted the fifth aunt's expenses.
In the face of such a bullying of the elderly Ma Hongkui only a word of family and everything is perfunctory, the remaining six aunts are powerless to do anything but to watch from the sidelines.
The increasingly disappointed fifth aunt began to think otherwise, and in order to escape the house, she met a Chinese-American. She received respect and love from this gentleman's man and eventually filed for divorce from Ma Hongkui.
Ma Hongkui, who is over sixty years old, has no intention of retaining, even if he does not give up, but the situation forces him, in the United States, he has no right to interfere with the freedom of others. Eventually, the family also began to move towards a mutual departure.
The first is that their children have differences over the right to manage property, and the relationship between the family has gradually become cold. At the beginning, the lively family seemed to be left alone with Ma Hongkui, and the birth of his great-granddaughter brought him rare joy.
Ma Hongkui keeps his great-granddaughter by his side and enjoys the joy of his children and grandchildren on his knees, but all this is temporary. Because the right to operate the property and his grandson, who had turned against him, finally sued Ma Hongkui in court in order to get back the right to support his great-granddaughter.
When his great-granddaughter left, Ma Hongkui never got sick again. There seems to be nothing left in this world, and in the last days, his memories are pulled back to the land of his hometown.
Ma Hongkui, dressed in a riding suit, seemed to be still galloping in the northwestern land he was familiar with, but the distant hometown was finally transformed into a thought that he could not go back to when he was dying.
In 1970, Ma Hongkui died of illness in Los Angeles, and his final wish was to return to the roots of the fallen leaves, but he was never allowed, and he was buried in Taiwan, which is separated by a sea.
Time has taken everything away, leaving only the enduring legend. Years later, people will mention that the king of Ningxia may only be an abstract concept, and time will eventually bury all the stories.
But the sin of hard work should be remembered forever, not to remember hatred but to warn future generations not to commit it again.
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2. CNKI; Ma Hongkui fled the United States without peace; Zhang Hui Novel (Zhongxun. Thematic Edition); Issue 05, 2010;