"Sun Tzu's Art of War and Conspiracy" says: "Know each other and know yourself, and never lose a hundred battles." "This is an important law that determines the victory or defeat of war. However, what Sun Tzu called "knowing the other and knowing oneself", if one party can "know the other and know oneself", the other side does not know the other knows itself. Of course the former wins. If both sides "know each other and know each other", it is difficult to say who wins and who loses, and the war becomes extremely complicated. The ninety-fourth "Sima Yi Ke Ri Capture MengDa" written in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and the ninety-fifth time "Wuhou Playing the Piano and Retiring Zhongda" are brilliant shots depicting Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi fighting wisdom under the condition that they both "know each other and know themselves", and each other's strategies are indeed ingenious, and there is only one difference between victory and defeat. In the battles of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, this is the battle of wisdom: war is ever-changing, war is not at the mercy of one side, but by both sides jointly designed, neither side can fully control the victory, but win and lose, defeat and victory. It not only embodies the complexity of war, but also shows the seriousness of war: it is a struggle between life and death, and whoever takes a wrong step is in danger of being wiped out. The battle of fighting wisdom written in these two books not only enriched and developed Sun Tzu's idea of "knowing each other and knowing oneself", but also has great reference significance for us to engage in all competitions.
Fools do not know how to make specific analyses of people and events
In the book "Sima Yi Ke Ri Captures Meng Da", although Zhuge Liang did not appear in public, he actually wrote that he and Sima Yi engaged in a back-to-back intellectual competition, thus opening the prelude to the battle between the two men.
Sima Yi was stationed in Xiliang and other places, and Zhuge Liang considered it the biggest obstacle to his conquest of Wei, so he used Ma Mo's counter-plan to make the Wei lord Cao Rui cut Sima Yi back to his hometown. Zhuge Liang was overjoyed and improvised his northern expedition. Shu Shiqi won the victory and took three cities in a row, and the Wei state was shaken, and Cao Rui had no choice but to use Sima Yi. At this time, The former Shu general Meng Dazheng, who had descended to Wei to guard Shangyong, secretly communicated with Zhuge Liang to take two capitals: Meng Da took Luoyang and Zhuge Liang took Chang'an. Zhuge Liang was horrified to learn of Sima Yi's reinstatement, and he urgently wrote to Meng Da, saying: "Recently, Cao Rui funus Sima Yi raised the soldiers of Wanwan and Luo, and if he hears of the public affairs, he will first arrive. Be prepared, and don't be considered idle. Meng Da read the book, not impressed, but smiled at Kong Ming's heart. The book says.
"Don't be afraid of Sima Yi's business: Wancheng is about eight hundred miles away from Luoyang and twelve hundred miles from the new city. If Sima Yi heard of Da's move, he must show the Wei lord: In the past and back in January, the city of Dacheng has been consolidated, and the generals and the three armies are in a deep and dangerous place. Sima Yi is coming, why should he be afraid?
Forgive me, but listen to the good news! ”
The difference between the judgment of the wise and the fool on the same event is so great: Meng Da does not know how to make a specific analysis of people and events, but only according to the conventional view, he believes that Sima Yi wants to raise an army and go down to the new city, and must play the wei lord's promise and then act, so he comes to the judgment of "going back and forth between January". Kong Ming's view is just the opposite. Zhuge Liang read the book, threw it on the ground and said, "Meng Da will die at the hands of Sima Yi!" When Ma Mo asked him why, Zhuge Liang said: "The art of war is cloudy: 'Attacking them is unprepared, and it is unexpected.' 'Isn't it expected in January?' Cao Rui appointed Sima Yi and removed him whenever he was kou, so why should he be heard? If you know that Meng Da is opposed, it does not take ten days, and the soldiers will arrive. Ann can be caught off guard? Zhuge Liang immediately wrote back to Meng Da, saying: "If you do not do anything, do not teach your colleagues to know, and if you know, you will lose." ”
Sima Yisheng attacked from the east to the west, and Meng Da tied his hands and grabbed it
After Sima Yi received the edict on reinstatement, he secretly reported meng Da's rebellion, and Sima Yi said: "This thief will pass through Zhuge Liang, and I will capture him first, and Zhuge Liang will certainly be cold in his heart and will retreat from the army." Sima Shi said, "Father can write a table to play the Son of Heaven." Yi said, "If you wait for the Holy Will, you will not be able to do anything in the months of January." "That is, to instruct the people and horses to set off, to travel the road of two days in one day, such as Chi Li chop; and also to order Liang Qi, who joined the army, to go to the new city at night, and to teach Meng Da and others to prepare for the march, so that they would not doubt it." Liang Qi went to Xincheng to convey Sima Yi's general order, saying: "Sima Du is now under the command of the Son of Heaven, and raises up the army to retreat from shu. Taishou can gather the military horses of the headquarters to listen to the dispatch. Da asked, "When will the Governor start his journey?" Ki said, "At this time, I will leave Wancheng and look forward to Chang'an." Dami said, "My big thing is done!" "Whoever adopts the tactic of surprise attack must be well disguised so as to paralyze the enemy and make him unprepared, that is, I will attack the other and the other shall not expect that I will attack, and the attack will succeed. Sima Yi did exactly this, and he attacked the east and the west, making Meng Da fall into his suit. Meng Da heard that Sima Yi had left Wancheng for Chang'an, thinking that Sima Yi did not know what he was doing, so he thought that "I have accomplished great things" and was complacent. At this time, Sima Yi was marching towards the new city. On the way, Yi captured Zhuge Liang's reply to Meng Da, and after reading it, he was shocked and said: "All the able people in the world see the same, and my opportunity was first recognized by Kong Ming." "Then the starry night urged the army to hurry. Less than ten days later, when he arrived at the new city, Meng Da was caught off guard and was finally captured.
Sima Lu killed Meng Da, and Zhuge Liang's plot to win the two capitals eventually came to naught, but from the perspective of the intelligence competition, the loser was only Meng Da, Sima Yi and Zhuge Liang were both winners, and the intelligence of the two was half a pound and eight two: both of them expected things to be like gods.
Zhuge Liang thought that Meng Da had raised an affair. The soldiers of Wan and Luo will arrive first, and Sima Yi will expect Meng Da's rebellion to conspire with Zhuge Liang. Both coincide. Zhuge Liang said, "Since Cao Rui has appointed Sima Yi, why should he get rid of sima Yi whenever he is kou?" Sima Yi said, "If you wait for the Holy Will, and go back and forth between January, nothing will happen." Both men feared each other. Zhuge Liang was "horrified" to learn of Sima Yi's reinstatement and warned Meng Da not to act rashly; Sima Yi was "horrified" to intercept Zhuge Liang's reply to Meng Da on the way, and he could not imagine that "my opportunity was first recognized by Kong Ming."
Compared with Sima Yi and Zhuge Liang, Meng Da's stupidity is far apart: Zhuge Liang knew that Sima Yi had been reinstated and warned Meng Da to "be prepared in every way", but Meng Da laughed at "Kong Ming's heart" and asked him to "only listen to the good news"; Sima Yi sent envoys to Meng Da to listen to the dispatch and pretend that Yi had gone to Chang'an, but Meng Da secretly said: "My great things have come to fruition!" ”
If you lose everything, you lose everything
In this book, Zhuge and Sima are fighting back-to-back, and in the ninety-fifth time, it is the two who openly compete, and the intelligence of the two sides is more fully utilized, and the brilliance is diverse!
When one side knows the other and the other knows itself, war is simplistic: when both sides know each other, war is tortuous and unpredictable. For example, in chess, when the master is against the inferior, it will soon enter the killing game, and there is no look. If both sides are masters and play chess with each other, they are not seeing one step at a time, but walking and thinking about the next few; this side is next, and the other side has expected the next few, but uses the new one to break it.
So back and forth, the chess game changes a lot, not only the chess players are fully engrossed, but the spectators also feel good-looking!
In the end, the loser is just a chess game. The ninety-fifth time it is written that Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi fought the battle of wisdom is exactly like this.
After Sima Yi captured and killed Meng Da, he and Zhang Gao led an army of 150,000 to fight Zhuge Liang. Sima Yi believed that Zhuge Liang was cautious in his life, refused to take risks, would not take Chang'an from the Meridian Path, and would now send an army to the Valley to take The City of Guo. To the west of the Qinling Mountains, there is a road, a place name street pavilion; there is a city in the middle of the river, listed in Liucheng: these two places are the throat of Hanzhong. Zhuge Liang deceived Cao And was really unprepared, and he was determined to advance from here. Therefore, it was decided to take the street kiosk with Zhang Hao to cut off his way back. Zhuge Liang marched, as Sima Yi expected. When Zhuge Liang heard that Sima Yi's army was coming, he was shocked and said:
"Now that Sima Yi is out of the customs, he will take the street kiosk and cut off the road of my throat." Sima Yi's march in Zhuge Liang's surprise? In. Therefore, a decisive battle at the street kiosk is inevitable. Whether Sima Yi could capture the street pavilion and whether Zhuge Liang could defend the street pavilion was the key to the victory or defeat of both sides.
Misuse of horse rumors, talk on paper
Zhuge immediately began to deploy street kiosks to defend the battle. When Ma Mo, who joined the army, asked Miao to guard the street pavilion, Zhuge Liang said: "Although the street pavilion is small, it has a lot of stakes. If the street kiosk is lost, our army will be rested. Although Ru is deeply strategic, there is no city in this place, and there is no danger, and it is extremely difficult to defend. Ma Mo boasted that he had read the soldier's book well, saying: "If there is a mistake, behead the whole family", and made a military order. Because Ma Mo had offered the "offensive plan" to serve the southerners, and also offered a counter-plot to make Sima Yi demoted, Zhuge with his wisdom, appointed him as the chief general of the shoujie pavilion, and sent Wang Ping, who had rich experience in the practice of war, as his deputy general, and repeatedly advised him to be careful and careful to guard this place: The lower village must be the key point, so that the thieves must not steal it. Zhuge Liang feared that the two would lose, and sent Gao Xiang to garrison Lieliu City as a reinforcement. At the same time, the general Wei Yan led his troops to the street pavilion and stood behind the pavilion, always guarding the throat of Hanzhong. Zhuge Liang's deployment can be said to be very homely, beyond reproach, and the only mistake is the use of horse rumors on paper. He violated Zhuge Liang's exhortation that "the village must be the main way", and only knew the words of the book of dead soldiers: what "under the high vision, the momentum is like breaking bamboo", what "put to death and be born later", did not consider the situation at that time, the enemy generals who came to attack, and the terrain of the street kiosks. Wang Ping repeatedly reiterated Zhuge Liang's exhortation that "the lower village must be the main way", holding that:
"The soldiers are in charge, and the city walls are built, and even if there are 100,000 thieves, they cannot steal them." Ma Mo did not listen and insisted on going up the mountain and tun army, and Wang Ping pointed out that if "the Wei soldiers suddenly arrived and surrounded on all sides", and then cut off "my way of drawing water, the soldiers will not fight and chaos." As Wang Ping had predicted, Sima Yi's army would cut off its way of drawing water as soon as it arrived, and the Shu army would not fight and chaos, and would not listen to Ma Mo's command. The Wei army easily captured the street kiosk.
Empty the city to make dangers, and retreat from the army
The street kiosk was lost, and the Shu army was in a critical situation. Sima Yi had predicted the whereabouts of the Shu army after capturing the street pavilion: "If Liang Zhiwu cut off his street pavilion and cut off his grain road, then the longxi region cannot be defended, and it will inevitably run back to Hanzhong overnight." If he moves back, the Jinti army will attack it on the path, and he will be victorious, and if he does not return, I will break all the paths in all places, and all the troops will defend it. In January, there is no food, the Shu soldiers are starving to death, and Liang will be captured by me. ”
As Sima Yi expected, the only way for the Shu army to survive was to withdraw to Hanzhong, and Zhuge Liang, knowing that the street pavilion and Lieliu City were lost, fell to his feet and sighed and said: "Big things are going to happen!" - This is my fault! "Immediate dispatch will deploy the withdrawal.
When the various soldiers and horses had just been distributed, they overheard: Sima Yi led a large army of 150,000 people, and Wangxi City swarmed. At this time, Zhuge Liang had no other generals around him, only a group of civilian officials and 2,500 troops in the city. Therefore, all the officials were disgraced. Only Zhuge Liang was not in a hurry, and he made a big fuss about the city and survived the difficulties. In front of an empty city, why did Sima Yi, who led an army of 150,000 troops, not dare to enter, but instead retreated sharply? This was because Sima Yi believed that "Liang Ping was cautious in his life and did not take risks." Now when the gates of the city are opened, there will be an ambush." Zhuge Liang also knew that Sima Yi was "cautious in life, and he would not take risks", so he reversed "life caution" and came to "take risks", so sima Yi was suspicious and did not dare to rush into the city. Zhuge Liang's plan to empty the city was also forced by the situation, as he said: "I am not in danger, and Gai uses it because I have no choice but to use it." "It is impossible for two thousand five hundred soldiers to fight with the enemy's army of 150,000, and if they abandon the city and flee, they will not be able to go far away, and they will be captured by Sima Yi." In this desperate situation where neither war nor escape, Zhuge Liang had no other way but to empty the city plan, when Zhuge Liang's defeat was almost captured, who expected to use a blank city plan to retreat 150,000 enemy troops? Later, after Sima Yi knew that Zhuge Liang had made an empty city plan, Yang Tian sighed and said, "I am not as good as Kong Mingye!" ”
Know the other, never lose a battle
Zhuge Liang's battle of wits between Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi added new content to both military science and military art.
"Know each other and know oneself, never lose a hundred battles" This is a famous thesis of Sun Tzu's Art of War, and it is a rule of victory or defeat in war? Important laws. For example, in the Battle of Guandu, Yuan Shao had no understanding of the enemy's situation, and Cao Cao's grain would be cut off but he did not know anything; when Xu You intercepted the cao grain collection book and knew that cao cao would cut off the grain, and suggested that "two ways to attack it", Shao suspected that it was Cao Cao's trick and refused to use it; later, Xu You was forced to surrender, report to Cao Cao the internal situation of the Shao army, and gave Cao a plan of "robbing Wuchao grain", and manipulated to find out the enemy's situation, that is, personally burning the grain of Wuchao, and the enemy army had no grain chaos, and Cao took the opportunity to attack and defeat yuan army. In the Battle of Chibi, Cao Cao was confused about the enemy's situation, but repeatedly obtained false information, so he repeatedly won Zhou Yu's wisdom and scheming; Zhou Yu, because he understood the enemy's situation, he was able to command Ruyi and plunge the enemy army into the sea of fire. In the Battle of Yiling, Liu Bei neither knew himself nor the other, boasting that "it is better to use soldiers to be old, but it is better to be a yellow-mouthed widow."
Lu Xun "knew the other" as if he knew it, so that Liu Bei could act according to his baton, and finally almost burned the Shu army with a fire. These three major battles were all fought under the circumstance that one side "knew the other and knew itself" and the other side did not know the other. Of course, those who "know each other and know what they have done" are "invincible in a hundred battles", but when they both "know each other and know each other", wars are constantly changing, and it is difficult to predict who wins and who loses, and victory or defeat is often determined by the correctness of temporary decisions. In the Battle of Jieting, Sima Yi was "aware of the other and knew himself", and he expected that Zhuge Liang would send troops from the jieting to take the city, so he decided to take the street pavilion to strangle his throat, and this decision was completely correct.
Zhuge Liang was also "aware of the other and knew himself", and his raw material Cao Zhen was unprepared, so he took the city from the street pavilion, and later knew that Sima Yi would fight, and it was expected that he would take the street pavilion, so he immediately deployed the street pavilion to defend the war. Whether from a strategic or tactical point of view, Zhuge Liang's decision was also correct. Therefore, in the Battle of the Street Pavilion, Sima Yi and Zhuge Liang both "knew each other and knew each other", and each other's decision-making was correct, and the loss of the street pavilion was due to Zhuge Liang's improper use of people, after the loss of the street pavilion, Zhuge Liang's "empty city plan" was able to retreat sima Yi's 150,000 troops, not because Sima Yi did not know him, he knew Zhuge Liang: "Liang Ping was cautious in his life, and did not take risks." Zhuge Liang was able to use the "empty city plan" not only because he knew that Sima Yi was also a cautious and suspicious person, but also because sima Yi could know that he was "cautious in his life and would not take risks" and therefore "take risks." This special strategy adopted under special circumstances was beyond Sima Yi's expectations, so it was successful. Mao Zonggang said: "If you know yourself, but if you do not know the other, you cannot be said to know yourself; if you know the other and do not know the other, you cannot know the other." (First?) This is to say, knowing oneself and being able to know oneself and knowing oneself, knowing oneself and being able to know oneself and being able to know oneself and knowing oneself, this is the real "knowing oneself and knowing oneself." This is a new note on Sun Tzu's "knowing the other and knowing oneself", and it is also a summary of the battle between Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi. And only the real "know each other and know thyself" can "never lose a hundred battles".
For example, Sima Yi could predict that Meng Da and Zhuge Liang would have a secret communication, and he also knew that Zhuge Liang could predict what he was doing, so he could rush down to the new city; Zhuge Liang also knew that Sima Yi could predict himself, and he could also predict the other, and he could only empty the city plan to "play the piano and retreat to Zhongda".
Therefore, the battle of Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi douzhi enriched and developed Sun Tzu's military thinking of "knowing each other and knowing oneself, and never losing a hundred battles."