"Sun Tzu's Art of War" Yun: "Soldiers, the great affairs of the country, the place of death and life, the way of survival, must not be unaware." ”
Since ancient times, when there was no war, emperors had to think of danger in times of peace and develop armaments. When Wu Zetian was in power, the world did not hear the sound of soldiers for a long time. Wu Zetian was afraid that if he forgot the battle, he would be in danger, so he set up the WukeJue.
According to the "Tang Huijiao", when Tang Xuanzong was in charge, every autumn, the military generals of each prefecture would lead the disciples who participated in the Wukeju to the Taigong Temple to sacrifice Jiang Taigong. In addition to Jiang Ziya, the Taigong Temple also has a congregation zhangliang.
In the first year of the First Yuan Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty Tianzi issued an edict and posthumously crowned Jiang Ziya as the King of Wucheng. Taigong Temple was renamed Wucheng Wang Temple. Jiang Ziya, a sage of the standard hole, enjoys the same specifications of sacrifice.
Jiang Ziya stills, picture from the network, thanks to the original author.
In the third year of its establishment, the Tang Dynasty Tianzi expanded the scale of sacrifices in the Wu Temple. Jiang Ziya, the king of Wucheng, was still the main ancestor, and Zhang Liang, Le Yi, Tian Hoang Tho, Sun Tzu, Zhuge Liang, Wu Qi, Bai Qi, Han Xin, Li Jing, and Li Ji were ten people who were consorts, and were known in history as the "Ten Philosophies of the Wu Temple".
Tang Tianzi also found seventy-two disciples for King Wucheng to enjoy, and because the list was too long, I would not list them all. I will talk about the more famous ones, such as Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Wei Chi Jingde, Wei Qing, Huo Fuyi, Su Dingfang and others.
Ancient warriors can be divided into three types. Jiang Ziya, Zhang Liang, Zhuge Liang and others, martial arts are commonplace, but they are all intelligent generals who are strategic in the midst of the curtain and decisively defeat thousands of miles away. Guan Yu stabbed Yan Liang under the horse in the chaotic army, Zhang Fei was brave and extraordinary, and Wei Chi Jingde was also a strong enemy of the Thousand Army, and these people could become brave generals. Wei Qing, Huo Zhiyi, Su Dingfang and others, with good martial arts and strong command ability, are zhiyong double full-type martial generals.
Zhuge Liang stills, pictures from the network, thanks to the original author.
I don't know if you have noticed a problem: "The emperor of the Li Shimin family set up the Wucheng Wang Temple, the main ancestor and the ten zhe are all wise generals, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, Wei Chi Jingde and other brave generals, can only enjoy the worship in the ranks of the seventy-two generals, why is this?" ”
To answer this topic, we have to look for the answer in "Sun Tzu's Art of War". The Art of War of Sun Tzu says: "The general, wisdom, faith, benevolence, courage, and strictness." ”
Sun Tzu divided the qualities of a general into five items: wisdom, faith, benevolence, courage, and strictness. Sun Tzu believed that intelligence was the most important quality of a general, and courage was the fourth most important quality of a general. The general's intellect is far more important than his bravery. The emperors of the Li Shimin family are all experts in military affairs, so they will put the status of wise generals above those of brave generals.
The role of the wise general surpassed that of the brave general, which can be seen from the three generals who entered the Temple of Worship and Martial Arts in the Shu Han Dynasty. In the early years, Liu Bei was surrounded by three tiger generals, Name Yu and Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun, but like a dog that lost his family, he never had the fate to settle down.
Li Shimin stills, pictures from the network, thanks to the original author.
Until Liu Bei listened to Xu Shu's advice, Sangu Maolu invited Zhuge Liang and appointed Zhuge Liang as a general of the military division. In accordance with Zhuge Liang's strategic plan of "Longzhong Countermeasures", Liu Bei advanced step by step, and only then did he have the foundation of shu han with one of the three worlds.
Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun could not be described as brave, and Liu Bei took them to the southern expedition and the northern war from the Yellow Turban Rebellion, but even his wife and children could not be saved. If you read the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, you will find that Liu Bei in the north "abandoned his wife and left" at every turn, and the result was "counting the funeral rooms".
Liu Bei went from the dog who lost his family to the Emperor Zhaolie of Han. The root of everything is because he has the assistance of zhuge liang. Zhuge Liang's martial arts may not even be able to defeat a small soldier, but the effect of his plan is far superior to Guan Yu, who is the first rank of the enemy general in the Ten Thousand Armies. The encounter between Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu fully verified the argument that the general's intelligence was more important than the general's force.
Liu Bei stills, pictures from the network, thanks to the original author.
In the canonical history, Zhuge Liang's nickname is "Marquis of Wu". When we talk about Zhuge Liang today, most of us regard him as a military master, which is the product of the artistic processing of the "Three Kingdoms Zhiping Dialect" and the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". During the Tang Dynasty, Zhuge Liang was always the first general of the Shu Han Dynasty respected by the Li Tang imperial family.
If the ranking officials are interested, you can search for "Li Weigong Asks Right", and you will find that Li Shimin, the god of war in the early Tang Dynasty, and Li Jing, the Duke of Weiguo, both highly praised Zhuge Liang's military ability. Li Jing, who is also a "Ten Philosophers of the Martial Temple", is a die-hard fan of Zhuge Liang, and he claims to have learned Zhuge Liang's art of war.
When Chen Shou wrote the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, he said: "Liang will be slightly not long." Translating it, it means: "Zhuge Liang's ability to command and fight wars is not particularly powerful. ”
Li Jing stills, picture from the network, thanks to the original author.
It was this sentence that provoked Zhuge Liang's hardcore fan Li Shimin. Li Shimin took Wei Zheng and Fang Xuanling and others to besiege Chen Shou, and the Book of Jin, which was jointly compiled by Zhenguan Junchen, wrote Chen Shou very badly.
I once joked: "If Chen Shou hadn't died early, he would have been beaten by Li Shimin junchen with peach blossoms all over his face, so that he would know why the flowers were so red." ”
In the eyes of people who understood military affairs in the Tang Dynasty, the first general of the Shu Han Dynasty, and even the first general of the Three Kingdoms, was Zhuge Liang. So many generals of the Three Kingdoms entered the Temple of Ancestral Martial Arts, only Zhuge Liang was the "Ten Zhe of the Martial Temple", and the other Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhang Liao, Deng Ai and others could only be in the ranks of the Seventy-two Generals, which was proof of this.
Judging from the fact that Jiang Ziya was the master of the WuMiao Temple, and that the Ten Philosophers of the Wumiao Temple were all wise generals, the intelligence of the general was more important than the force, which was the consensus of the ancient emperors. This can also be verified from the examination items of the Wukeju, the main examination subject of the ancient Wukeju, not martial arts, but the art of war.
The most important of the Song Dynasty's Wukeju examination syllabus is the Seven Essentials of the Wujing, also known as the Seven Books of the Wujing. They are: "Sun Tzu's Art of War", "Wu Zi", "Liu Tao", "Sima Fa", "Wei Jizi", "Sanluo", and "Li Weigong Asked Right".
In ancient times, the martial arts examination mainly examined the intelligence of military talents and took into account the examination of military talents' force. Modern military schools, the main indicators of examination and teaching, are also the intelligence of military talents, marksmanship and martial arts, although compulsory subjects, but the role is far less important than intelligence.
Fighting a war is not a group fight, and the role of strategic planning talents exceeds that of command-oriented talents. The role of command talents exceeds that of courageous talents. This is true in ancient and modern China and abroad, which is why the status of the Tang Dynasty Martial Temple Wise General surpassed that of the brave general.
The bibliography of this article: "Sun Tzu's Art of War", "Zizhi Tongjian", "Tang Huijiao", "Twenty-Four Histories".
This article was originally written by Wang Fuxing. Code words are not easy, please respect the original, unauthorized, reproduction is strictly prohibited. I have signed a contract with a rights protection company to entrust a rights protection company to protect my rights. Unauthorized reprinters, the rights protection company will defend the rights on behalf of the person.