Chao Wei Tian Shelang, Twilight Tianzi Hall - Song. Wang Su
The two Song Dynasties flourished and culture flourished, and the famous master of traditional Chinese studies, Chen Yinke, also said that "the culture of the Chinese nation, which has evolved over thousands of years, was created in the world of Zhao and Song dynasties." In addition, Zhao Kuangyin, the grandfather of the Song Dynasty, had a sense of the five generations of war, and after his almost unification, he released his military power with a cup of wine and ruled the world with the scholars. Laying the foundation for the later dynasty to emphasize literature and light military structure.
Therefore, the two Song kings, with the assistance of Confucian scholars, were known for their introvertedness.
After the Southern Song Dynasty, the tone did not change.
Even if the mountains and rivers change color, there are still few enterprising kings.
In 1127 AD, the Northern Song Dynasty suffered the Jing Kang Disaster, Huizong Qinzong and a large number of clans were captured in the north, Song Taizong's line except for Emperor Huizong's nine sons Zhao Shuo, none of the others were spared, after which Zhao Shuo re-established power in the south, known as the Southern Song Dynasty. In the eleventh year of Shaoxing, the Song and Jin dynasties negotiated peace and demarcated the border, bounded by the Huai River in the east and Dashanguan in the west, and the Jin Dynasty confirmed its rule in northern China.
Under this national tone, the Southern Song Dynasty claimed to be a vassal of Jin, and despite many Northern Expeditions, the Southern Song Dynasty never gained the initiative over Jin, and even signed a Jiading Peace Agreement with Jin after the Kaixi Northern Expedition.
First, the story of Yi Jingkang, the world is the country of uncles and nephews;
Second, the coins are 300,000 taels of silver and 300,000 horses of silk;
Third, the borders were the same as those of Shaoxing (Jin abandoned the newly occupied Dasanguan, Haozhou, and other places).
The Southern Song Dynasty also gave the Jin Army three million taels of silver (indemnities). By this time, Mongol power had risen in the north and continued to attack the south, while the Jin and Southern Song Dynasties were gradually declining.
Therefore, if the Southern Song Dynasty is the most effective and effective king, Song Ningzong, who signed this peace agreement with the Jin Dynasty, was the first to exclude.
There were nine emperors in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the other eight emperors, in addition to zhao shuo, the founder of the country, were the most effective emperors were Zhao Xuan, who was keen on the Northern Expedition and hoped to change the situation in Song and Jin.
Longxing is his era name, and the famous Longxing Northern Expedition took place during his reign.
In his later years, because Emperor Gaozong of Song was childless, he made Zhao Kuangyin the crown prince, and after his abdication, Zhao Kuangyin (shèn) ascended the throne as Emperor Xiaozong. After taking the throne, he first rehabilitated Yue Fei, then revitalized the Northern Expedition, and even created the rule of Qianchun.
In May of the first year of Longxing (1163), with the support of many famous courtiers and people inside and outside the government and the public, Emperor Xiaozong of Song issued an edict to Zhang Jun on the Northern Expedition and dispatched 80,000 troops. One route led by Li Xianzhong to receive Lingbi, and the other route was led by Shao Hongyuan to take Hongxian County. The Northern Expedition also began with great momentum, but the Song army was finally defeated by the Jin army at Fuli due to the discord between the two generals and the disadvantage of troops.
One of the most promising battles in the history of the Southern Song Dynasty to recover its homeland ended in the defeat of the Song army.
This battle dealt a blow to Emperor Xiaozong's ambitions, and he began to oscillate between war and peace, and although he created the rule of Qianchun at home, he did not make a breakthrough in foreign wars throughout his life.
The first intention is to inherit the filial piety; can be sacrificed to the filial piety.
It can be seen from the temple number that he was determined to forge ahead and aspire to the Northern Expedition throughout his life, and because Emperor Gaozong made him a crown prince, he was deeply grateful, and when he reigned, he tried not to go against Emperor Gaozong's will, and his personal morality and ambition were second to none among the emperors of the Southern Song Dynasty.
It was only because of the internal and external environment at that time that the Northern Expedition failed, and he could only end up depressed in his later years.
In addition to the aforementioned Three Emperors of Gao, Ning, and Xiao, the Southern Song Dynasty also had:
Song Guangzong Zhao: Son of Emperor Xiaozong, during his reign, due to fear of "internal" led to inaction, even his empress Zhang Shi was not willing to see Emperor Xiaozong, so he was forced to cede the throne to his son Emperor Ningzong after five years on the throne.
Zhao Yun of Song Lizong: Reigned for more than 40 years, which is the longest in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the later period of his reign, the Mongols and Jin dynasties were fought, and the Mongols destroyed the Jin Dynasty, but they did not seize the opportunity to recover the lost land, and Duanping entered Luo in the first year of Duanping's reign also ended in failure, which let the Mongols who inherited the northern territories of the Jin Dynasty know the unreality of the Southern Song Dynasty, resulting in the destruction of the Southern Song Dynasty by the Mongols more than half a century later. Therefore, he could not talk about the Sage Emperor and the Holy Lord, plus he indulged in eroticism, spoiled the traitors, and said that there was a Shi Miyuan in his left hand and a Jia Xiangdao in his right hand, and it was not too much to say that he was a famous Emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Later, because Mongolia had been unified, the military strength was the largest in the world at that time, and the monarch did not discuss too much later.
In general, the Nine Emperors of the Southern Song Dynasty, combined with their deeds, were still the most outstanding emperors. Among later historians, he was also the most popular of public opinion, and he did not have the act of unjustly killing Yue Fei, but also was keen on the Northern Expedition to the outside world, and even created the rule of Qianchun, and under the huge influence of the two Song Dynasty scholars, it was not easy to do so.