When it comes to Emperor Gaozong of Song, the first word that comes to people's minds is: Emperor Xia. It was this person who shrunk jiangnan, bent his knees to seek peace, and unjustly killed the national hero Yue Fei on trumped-up charges. In the view of the Song historian Wang Zengyu, Song Gaozong was actually a "multi-faceted school". The book "Biography of Emperor Gaozong of Song" written by Wang Zengyu, based on rich and solid historical materials and with the ups and downs of Song Gaozong's life as the main line, shows the political situation of the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty in multiple levels and dimensions, depicts the complex and fierce struggle between imperial power and power, and reproduces the historical process of "China's inward turning" experienced by the society, politics and culture of the Southern Song Dynasty.
The Song Dynasty was a dynasty in which the ancient Chinese official history was developed. The main official history of Emperor Gaozong of Song is recorded in 1,000 volumes of calendars and 500 volumes of records, which have been lost, and the wealth of his historical materials exceeds that of other generations of emperors of the Song Dynasty.
As a researcher of Song history, Mr. Wang Zengyu believes that the drama of Song Gaozong's personal experience is not comparable to other emperors. According to the many false and beautiful words and hidden evil pens in the historical materials, it is indeed more than enough to create an image with the honorific titles of "Guangyao Shousheng, Xian Tiantian Dao, Sexual Benevolence and Sincerity, Jingwu Weiwen, Shaoye Xingtong, and Ming Mo Shenglie Emperor Taishang", and the title of "Emperor Taishang of Mingmu Sheng", and the title of "Emperor Wuwen of Destiny, Full Merit, Holy God Wuwen, and Emperor Zhaoren Xianxiao". For example, the historian of the Yuan Dynasty actually described this emperor with absurd and cruel connotations as the lord of "frugality and benevolence". This should be acknowledged as the success of the Southern Song Dynasty official history in dressing up as the "Lord of Zhongxing", and even more should be acknowledged as the success of Song Gaozong's self-image dress. However, Wang Zengyu frankly said: "The more successful the shaping of this image, the farther away it is from historical facts." I remember saying to the senior scholar Mr. Li Wei that Emperor Gaozong of Song could be said to be a duplicitous sect. He corrected me by saying he was a 'multi-faceted'. The term 'multi-faceted' accurately captures the essence of Song Gaozong and the complexity of his image. ”
In the last year of the Northern Song Dynasty, the invasion of strong enemies and the chaos of the inner court, the Second Emperor Hui Qin and many imperial families were captured, and Zhao Shuo, the King of Kang, who luckily slipped through the net, accidentally succeeded to the throne, and was known as Emperor Gaozong of Song. Zhao Zhuo experienced the mourning of his homeland under the frenzy of the times, and there were a series of changes such as Weiyang's frightening dream, the change of Miao Liu, and the change of Huaixi, oscillating between the main war faction and the main peace faction, and took charge of the giant ship of the Southern Song Dynasty driving in the turbulent tide of the times. Zhao Zhuo was a wise man, good at disguising himself as a benevolent lord and the lord of Zhongxing, and he was also getting better and better at the art of emperors, using Yue Fei, Li Gang, Han Shizhong, Qin Juniper, etc. as his pawns; and the "gold phobia" that went deep into the bone marrow was the root of his series of policies toward gold.
▲ Portrait of Emperor Gaozong of Song
The internal and external disasters in China's history are generally closely related to corruption under authoritarian politics. Talking about the original intention of writing the "Biography of Emperor Gaozong of Song", Wang Zengyu said: "I hope that through the description of the evil life of Emperor Gaozong of Song and the analysis of the politics of authoritarianism and corruption at that time, it will help people understand the despotism with ancient characteristics and the interdependent relationship between despotism and corruption." ”
The Jin army marched south and smashed the drunken dance in the capital city. Later, with the assistance of Zong Ze, Li Gang and others, Zhao Zhuo finally established a foothold in Lin'an. How did Zhao Shuo, who was in charge of the giant ship of the small imperial court of the Southern Song Dynasty, navigate during the period of great social transformation in the stormy and stormy period, and who was arrogant and extravagant in nature, deal with this contradictory internal and external troubles? Based on historical facts, "The Biography of Emperor Gaozong of Song" returns to the historical scene to a limited extent, and through the back of The Ever-Changing Mask of Emperor Gaozong of Song, it leads readers to fake and preserve the truth, and to see Song Gaozong and the era in which he lived. For example, regarding the birth of Zhao Shuo, according to the Ming Dynasty scholar Zhou Qingyuan's "Second Collection of the West Lake", Zhao Tuo, emperor huizong of the Song Dynasty, was in the Palace of Fenjing one day with Zheng Niangniang's you Shou Shan Gongyue and had fun, drinking and sleeping, dreaming of the palace gate "Ah" a sound, breaking into a person. This person has a crown of heaven on his head, wears a dragon robe, wears a white jade belt around his waist, wears carefree shoes on his feet, and looks like a god, with a majestic body and the shape of an emperor. Through the examination of historical materials, Wang Zengyu found that Zhou Qingyuan's record was purely chiseled. He wrote in the book that after the death of Empress Wang of Emperor Huizong of Song, Zheng shi was made empress, and Qiao shi also "entered the noble concubine" in the third year of Daguan (1109 AD), and she gave birth to seven sons for the emperor. Merriam-Webster was "only lucky" and became pregnant. According to the aforementioned custom of Emperor Huizong of Song to treat the palace women, it was as late as "the end of Chongning, and the jun of Pingchang County". In February of the first year of the Great View (1107 AD), "Jincai Ren". On the night of May 21 (June 13 AD), at the age of twenty-eight, he gave birth to Zhao Shuo, the ninth son of Emperor Huizong of Song. After Webster, "enter the concubine, tired and graceful". (The above notes are shown in Huibian vol. 211, Jiaolu vol. 147 Shaoxing 12th October Chengjiao, Song Shi vol. 20 "Huizong Ji", vol. 24 "Gaozong Ji", vol. 243 "Biography of Empress Zheng", "Biography of Wei Xianfei", "Biography of Qiao Guifei", "Song Huijiao" Houfei 1-5, 3-9, "Miscellaneous Records of the Dynasty and The Wild Since Jianyan", Volume A Collection Volume 1 "Empress Xianrenwei", "Outline of the Ten Dynasties of the Imperial Song Dynasty", volume 15, volume 20.) According to the Zhou Yiguo Wenzhong Gongji Miscellaneous Writings, volume 10 of the Records of Siling, it is su Song's grandson Su Wenwan, which is credible. Qiao Guifei's age is according to the "Jing Kang Barnyard History Certificate and Kaifeng Fu Zhi". She was obviously not favored by Emperor Huizong of Song, and relied on Qiao Guifei to give birth to a noble son, so that she could occupy the position of "concubine" in the palace, but compared with her righteous sister Qiao Shi, she was still eleven steps behind.
▲Praise for Zhao Shuo's ascension to the throne "Zhongxing Ruiyingtu" (partial)
Mr. Wang Zengyu undoubtedly has a lot more historical materials than those written in the book, but in the process of application, he is not limited to historical materials, but integrates his own identification and research results of historical materials. For example, for Yue Fei's death, the Song people's records are quite inconsistent, there are "death" theory, "owl head" theory, "poisoning" theory, "la coercion" theory, Wang Zengyu, after comparing the theories, believes that the Song Anon.'s "Testament of the Emperor and the Wild" in the record "He died in prison, actually asked for a bath, pulled the threat and died" is more reasonable, more able to show the cruelty of Song Gaozong and his accomplices, so he used it. As for the question of who was the real murderer of Yue Fei, Wang Zengyu also made an interpretation in the "Biography of Emperor Gaozong of Song". "Yue Ke only quoted the account of the "Wild History" for the murder of his grandfather (Yue Fei): "According to the "Wild History", the Fang Prison was not completed, and Qin Juniper retreated from the capital hall to Xiaoyan, ate citrus, and competed with the hand-written citrus peel. Russia paid the veterans with small pieces of paper and held them to the temple, and the ancestors reported their deaths. There was no purpose at first. alack! Hibiscus deceives! The "Testament of the Dynasty and the Wild" adds a plot, 'Qin Juniper's wife Wang Shisu is sinister and out of her husband', when Qin Juniper 'eats citrus and plays with skin', when he thinks about it, 'Wang Clan Peeps, Laughs: Old Han (this word means derogatory in Song Dynasty) Why is there no decision?'" It's easy to catch a tiger, it's hard to let go of a tiger! So Qin Ju went to jail for "pieces of paper" and killed Yue Fei. Both accounts are absurd. Without Emperor Gaozong of Song's approval, Qin Ju could not even execute Hu Quan, a minor official of the Eight Pins of Zheng, so how could he easily execute a minister of Zheng Yi Pin? The reason why Yue Ke took the "Wild History" alone was to emphasize that "there was no purpose at the beginning". He had to avoid The Guilt of Emperor Gaozong of Song, and could not write The Holy Will of Emperor Gaozong of Song into the Chronicle of the Practice of the King of E, but he could not deny the fact that there was a purpose. In fact, the original criminal case in Volume 12 of The Miscellaneous Records of the Dynasty and the Wild Since Jianyan has been clearly recorded, and there can be no misunderstanding. The Punishment Department and the Dali Temple proposed, 'Yue Fei was beheaded for private crimes, zhang Xian was hanged for private crimes,' 'Yue dismissed private criminals,' and said, 'Investigate according to the holy will, and decide according to the will'. Emperor Gaozong of Song immediately issued a decree: "Yue Fei is specially given death." Zhang Xian and Yue Yun also enforced according to military law, so that Yang Yizhong was beheaded, and still many soldiers were sent to protect them. 'Qin Ju and Wan Qianli, in the name of the Punishment Department and the Dali Temple, advocated retaining Yue's life, and could not yet satisfy the intention of this one-man thief. At the end of the eleventh year of Shaoxing's dark years, that is, on December 29, three fighters on the battlefield of the Xu dynasty finally died tragically under the butcher's knife of the surrender faction. It can be used as evidence that Qin Ju corrected and killed Yue Fei and three other people, which is the record of the "History of Song" volume 200 "Criminal Law Chronicle": In the eleventh year of Shaoxing, the Privy Council made Zhang Jun make people falsely accuse Zhang Xian, saying that Yue Fei's writings were received and plotted for change. Qin Juniper wanted to take advantage of this and ordered Wan Qianyu to train it. Fei Zhi died, and his son And Xian Yu city. Fenzhou Jinshi Zhihuan wrote a lawsuit against Fei Fei, decided the staff, and compiled Yuan Zhou. Guangxi Shuai Hu Shunzhi and the transfer made Lü Yuan have a gap, and the source played Shunzhi's dirty and filthy intentions, and then used books to resist the juniper, saying that Shunzhi laughed at the government. Junsu evil Shunzhi sent Dali officials to rule him. In June of the thirteenth year, Shunzhi disobeyed and died in prison. Fei and Shunzhi died, the power of juniper became more and more blazing, and the great prison was repeatedly revived, and the name of the dissident was called zhao prison, which was not the edict. Subsequently, the so-called zhao prisons have been similar to this, so they are not prepared to record the clouds. This passage is estimated to have been copied by the Yuan Dynasty historian from the Southern Song Dynasty's "History of the Four Dynasties of Zhongxing". From the semantic point of view, it seems that it is not that Yue Fei and Hu Shunzhi are 'imprisoned in name, but not the edict', but that after the death of Yue Fei and Hu Shunzhi, Qin Junzhi 'repeatedly revived the great prison' and 'the name of the prison is not the edict'. The author has consulted historical books such as "Records of the Chronicles of the Lineage Since Jianyan" and concluded that even in the later Zhao Prison after Hu Shunzhi, "Qin Ju could use his hands when he submitted unjust cases and tortured him to extract confessions in prison, but he did not break through the relevant provisions of the Zhao Prison in the system, but privately corrected the edict." The edict to dali temple and the final adjudication power remained in the hands of Emperor Gaozong of Song'. The record of the "History of Song" volume 200 of the "Criminal Law Chronicle" actually only reflects that the Southern Song Dynasty historian kept evil for this 'Lord of Zhongxing', and blamed Qin Juniper, so it is not enough to be trusted. ”
In short, the "Biography of Emperor Gaozong of Song" published by the Henan Literature and Art Publishing House subverted the narrative tradition of listing historical materials in order, transformed the difficult ancient literature and historical books into an interesting popular language, and in the form of the historian's grand strokes and grandeur, took the form of special topics and lectures, and took the form of simple and complicated, outlined and led, and through the analysis of the social structure and cultural psychology of the turn of the two Song Dynasties, reproduced the embarrassing and complicated social situation of the internal and diplomatic affairs of the small imperial court of the Southern Song Dynasty at that time. (Readers' Daily All-Media Reporter He Jian)
Editor: Wang Xin Responsible Editor: Dong Xiaoyue Review: Zhou Hua