The Song Dynasty poet Wen Tianxiang has a poem called: "Who has not died since ancient times?" Leave Dan in his heart. Wen Tianxiang's poem is indeed saying this truth, whether you are a commoner or an emperor, the general will not escape death. However, in history, some people died very unwillingly, just like Liu Bei, the Shu lord during the Three Kingdoms period.
Speaking of Liu Bei, perhaps many small friends will be deeply impressed by him, the early Liu Bei through many sides, get to know the heroes, and finally developed to occupy Jingzhou, under the strategy of Zhuge Liang's "Longzhong Pair", and successfully occupied Yizhou. It was originally a great prospect, but in the end, after the Battle of Hanzhong, Guan Yu, the general who guarded Jingzhou, died, and the strength of Shu Han was greatly damaged, and the territory was lost.
At this time, Liu Bei did not stabilize the situation, but did a relatively unreliable thing, that is, the Eastern Crusade against Sun Quan and avenged Guan Yu! But in the end, Liu Bei was defeated at the hands of Lu Xun. Not only did the revenge fail, but it lost the soldiers, horses, money and food accumulated over the past 10 years.
Since Liu Bei's great defeat, the shu Han in the future is also going downhill. The fall of the Han Dynasty and the fall of the country are approaching step by step. In fact, the fundamental reason for the demise of the Shu kingdom was not Liu Chan, Liu Chan was a fool on the surface, but in fact he had extraordinary ability to govern the country, otherwise after Zhuge Liang's death for nearly 30 years, how could he stabilize the situation in Shu Han alone?
So who was the real culprit in the demise of the Shu Han? This person was none other than Liu Bei.
What was wrong with Liu Bei? Quite simply, since Liu Bei let Guan Yu guard Jingzhou, it was doomed that Liu Bei would not be able to dominate the world? Why? The reason is also very simple, this is Liu Bei's fatal mistake.
At that time, Liu Bei was already in the land of Sichuan and Shu, and there was a battle with Liu Zhang, and the military master Pang Tong died unexpectedly, Liu Bei, who had never had a military strategy, had to invite Zhuge Liang and let Zhuge Liang draw up a strategy for him, otherwise Liu Bei would have no way to win Liu Zhang. Then at this time, the question comes, who will be left to garrison Jingzhou? Liu Beisi thought about it, and finally left Guan Yu to guard Jingzhou, while Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, Zhuge Liang and others came to support him.
After taking Chengdu, Liu Bei still let Guan Yu guard Jingzhou alone. It can be said that in Liu Bei's heart, Guan Yu's status was higher than that of General Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun. After all, Zhang Fei had once lost Xuzhou, and although Guan Yu had defected to Cao Cao, he was only forced to be helpless. Letting Guan Yu town guard Jingzhou seems to be the best choice, but Liu Bei ignored a problem, that is, Guan Yu's personality, in history, Guan Yu's evaluation is actually not good, most historians, including famous scholars and officials in the Three Kingdoms period, are evaluating him as "just and self-conscious", although he treats soldiers well, but he is proud of scholars.
The most important thing is that Guan Yu, a person, will not engage in alliances. On this point, Guan Yu seems to be inferior to Lü Bu, who did not forget to call Liu Bei a brother and a brother when Lü Bu was desperate, hoping to have a safe place. And Guan Yu? After following Liu Bei in a defeated battle, he was willing to die in battle rather than surrender to Cao Cao. What does this mean? In Guan Yu's eyes, only he was himself, and he didn't look down on anyone at all. Including, Cao Cao.
How could such a person who did not understand strategy and the overall situation be able to hold Jingzhou? The so-called big victory depends on strategy, and small profit is in the power! And Guan Yu's "single knife to the meeting" did not just reflect his personality characteristics of having no modest spirit and rigidity and self-conceit? At that time, Lu Su was still alive, and he treated his ally Guan Yu like an enemy, so would Sun Wu really take Guan Yu or Liu Bei as an ally?
At that time, Zhuge Liang's "Longzhong Pair" was based on the strategic premise that "the east and Sun clan, the north rejected Cao Cao", and its big strategic style was very obvious, that is, mainly to deal with Cao Cao. As for Sun Quan in the east, as long as the alliance relationship is done well. But what about Guan Yu? Several times he wanted to oppress the Sun clan by force, of course, in the end, Guan Yu was also attacked by Sun Wu, and It was actually reasonable for Sun Wu to do this.
On the one hand, for Liu Bei, he is not unaware of Guan Yu's "rigid and self-reserved" personality characteristics. But even so, Liu Bei still let Guan Yu carry it hard, which was tantamount to laying the groundwork for losing Jingzhou! On this point, Zhuge Liang was also very speechless, as early as when Zhuge Liang left Jingzhou, he repeatedly stressed the importance of Jingzhou, hoping that Guan Yu could go east and Sun Quan, so that he could only defend Cao Wei.
However, later Guan Yu had several enemies with Sun Quan, and when Sun Quan proposed to Guan Yu on behalf of his son, Guan Yu scolded the emissaries, and along with Sun Quan, he scolded them all over again! The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms records: "First, Quan sent the envoy as a son Suo Yu, and Yu insulted his envoy, and was not allowed to marry, and Quan was furious. Guan Yu insulted the emissaries and Sun Quan, which was completely immoral, and even if he was unwilling, he could not treat Sun Quan and the emissaries in this way, after all, at this time, Sun and Liu were still in an alliance relationship.
If you were in Sun Quan's position, what would you think? It is definitely to find an opportunity to clean up Guan Yu and find face for himself, and sun Quan's position is not bad, take ten thousand steps back, even if Guan Yu and Sun Quan marry, they will not lose Guan Yu's face. In this way, it on the contrary contributed to Zhuge Liang's "Longzhong Pair" strategy, but it was a pity that Guan Yu did not pay attention to methods and strategies in dealing with his allies, and was still righteous, which eventually led to Jingzhou being attacked by Sun Quan, and even the last three counties were taken away by Sun Quan.
After the loss of Jingzhou, for Liu Bei, he could only send troops from the distant Hanzhong, through the Qin Mountains, and other difficult mountain roads before he could swing his troops to Chang'an, so that the cost of time would at least double. If The Southern Counties and Wuling of Jingzhou are still there, then the military food and materials of the Sichuan army can be directly transported from here to Hanzhong and other places, and the Jingzhou side can also send troops to attack Xiangyang and other places and fight side by side with Sichuan and Shu.
Of course, if the alliance was still there, the Sun clan could also directly capture Cao Wei Runan, Shouchun and other places from Jianye and other places. In this way, the great cause can be expected.
Unfortunately, Liu Bei let Guan Yu, who has a strong personality and does not engage in alliance relations, go to The town to guard Jingzhou. This is equivalent to a self-destructive arm, Liu Bei wants to dominate the world in this life, I am afraid it is unlikely.
In fact, judging from liu bei's two things: letting Guan Yu guard Jingzhou and vigorously cutting down Wu after Guan Yu's death, Liu Bei also had two fatal shortcomings. Compared with these two shortcomings of Liu Bei, which is good at uniting insiders, it is fatal!
What are the disadvantages of Liu Bei? Quite simply, judging from Liu Bei's support for Guan Yu to defend Jingzhou, what was his main basis? What made Liu Bei think that Guan Yu could hold Jingzhou? Quite simply, Liu Bei's handling basis is "emotional affairs", as we all know, Liu Bei and Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Taoyuan three knots of righteousness, the love between them is like a father, like a brother.
On the issue of Jingzhou's guarding, Liu Bei let Guan Yu zhenshou, in fact, a large part of it was the use of personal feelings. After all, Guan Yu was loyal and righteous, and he was his own brother-in-law, and in Liu Bei's view, he was at least reliable. Maybe his personality is a little fierce, but he is a good candidate.
In fact, you can see that Liu Bei initially let Zhang Fei guard Xuzhou, and Zhang Fei lost Xuzhou. Later, he let Guan Yu guard Jingzhou and then lost Jingzhou. What does this mean? Liu Bei actually didn't see his two buddies clearly at all, what kind of work were they suitable for? In other words, Liu Bei did not use Guan Yu and Zhang Fei on the blade at all. This led to such an embarrassing result, on the whole, Liu Bei was too emotional.
On the other hand, Cao Cao and Sun Quan, they will definitely not be like Liu Bei, "nepotism", which is actually a big taboo. If you look at Cao Cao's four-sided border pass general, two of them are Liu Bei's acquaintances, one is Tian Yu and the other is a trickster. And Sun Quan, even more with talent, will never engage in small stoves and take relations.
Another shortcoming of Liu Bei is even more serious, judging from Liu Bei's insistence on the Eastern Crusade, Liu Bei is an emotional person to the extreme, and at the same time he cannot distinguish between "primary and secondary contradictions", what does it mean?
Quite simply, at that time, the ministers of Sichuan and Shu, including Zhuge Liang, Zhao Yun, and Qin Mi, all suggested that Wu should not be cut down at this time. In particular, Zhao Yun, who had the "wind of Confucianism", also painstakingly persuaded Liu Bei that the current enemy was still Cao Wei, not Sun Wu! If Cao Wei was conquered, then Sun Wu would not be able to do so! Zhao Yun, a fierce general, generally does not speak, but once Zhao Yun speaks, it is Liu Bei's greater fault.
However, Liu Bei did not listen to the advice of Zhao Yun, Zhuge Liang and others at that time. Insisting on avenging Guan Yu, he basically used the strength of the whole country to fight against Sun Wu.
Avenging Guan Yu was really small, but the national crusade was a concrete manifestation of Liu Bei's inability to distinguish between primary and secondary contradictions. At the same time, Liu Beifa Wu also directly violated the strategy of "Longzhong Pair". Overall, Liu Bei's approach would only make Cao Wei happy. As the saying goes: "A gentleman takes revenge, ten years is not too late!" "If Liu Bei dealt with Cao Wei wholeheartedly, then after the matter was accomplished, would Sun Wu not surrender, and how to deal with Sun Wu when the time came, was it not liu Bei who had the final say?"
Liu Bei, emotionally, is extremely uneconomical because of private waste.
However, from another aspect, Liu Bei can manage the complex Shu Han in a down-to-earth manner, which is enough to prove that Liu Bei is a person who is particularly good at uniting internal talents. This is also the fundamental reason why Liu Bei can lay a world, but although Liu Bei's pattern vision is known under the leadership of Pang Tong, in the end, it is still unable to make further breakthroughs!
He did not listen to the suggestions of his subjects, and the wrong appointment of Guan Yu was actually the root cause of the first demise of Sichuan shu. And Liu Bei was responsible for the demise of the Shu state, and he was responsible for the main reason. In other words, the loss of Liu Bei in Jingzhou was at least half responsible.
Liu Bei was emotional and could not distinguish between the main and the secondary contradictions. It was the root cause of Liu Bei's inability to unify the world, and if Liu Bei had listened to the suggestions of Zhuge Liang, Zhao Yun, and others at that time and first resolved the main contradiction with Cao Wei, I think the history of the Three Kingdoms would have been rewritten! At least, the history of Sichuan and Shu will definitely change.
Liu Bei insisted on cutting down Wu, Zhuge Liang, and Zhao Yun, although they were persuaded, but in the end they could not let go of Wu. It was speechless to the extreme, especially for Zhuge Liang.