There have been many successful conspirators in China's history, and these three are the most successful, who can not only secure the country, but also be able to stand alone and protect themselves. Impressive!
Yao Guangxiao
Yao Guangxiao (1335-1418), courtesy name Tianyuan (天僖), courtesy name Daoyan (道延), Zi Si Dao (字司道), also spelled Du Min (独闇), was an old man of Du'an (独庵) and an escaped son. A native of Changzhou (present-day Suzhou, Jiangsu). Ming Dynasty politician, Buddhist scholar, writer, main planner of the Battle of Jingnan, and the most famous black-clad prime minister in Chinese history. Yao Guangxiao became a monk in Suzhou Miaozhi'an when he was young, proficient in the three religions, and had a good relationship with the academic leaders of the Confucian and Taoist schools in the early Ming Dynasty. In the 15th year of Hongwu, he was selected by Ming Taizu to meet Zhu Di, the king of Yan, as a "vassal of the white hat king", presided over the Qingshou Temple, and became Zhu Di's main adviser. In the third year of Zhu Di's difficulties, Yao Guangxiao stayed in Beiping and suggested that Zhu Di advance lightly and take Nanjing, so that Zhu Di could successfully capture Nanjing and ascend the throne as emperor. After Ming Chengzu ascended the throne, he gave him the name Yao Guangxiao. The land on the Yan side of the country was used against the national soldiers and horses, and the final victory was unique in history. After Chengzu succeeded to the throne, Yao Guangxiao served as the monk Zuo Shanshi and added the prince Shaoshi, known as the "Black-clothed Prime Minister". Responsible for the relocation of the capital, single-handedly planning the layout of today's Beijing city. Later, after Xie Jin's failed compilation, he served as the top compiler of the Yongle Dadian and the Ming Taizu Shilu, especially the Yongle Dadian ( Yongle Dadian ) , which was his greatest contribution to the history of Chinese culture. In his later years, when Buddhism was gradually declining in the early Ming Dynasty, he also took on the responsibility of apologetics (Buddhism) and compiled the "Tao YuLu" against the Buddha, which was a major event in the history of Buddhism. In the sixteenth year of Yongle (1418), he died of illness at Qingshou Temple, and was posthumously awarded the title of Duke of Rongguo, with the posthumous title of Gongjing. The emperor personally wrote the Shinto inscription and entered the Ming Ancestral Temple as a courtier, and was the first and only person in the Ming Dynasty.
From the end of the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Yongle dynasty, in the ever-changing and thrilling political arena, Yao Guangxiao loomed and haunted, he was dressed in robes, his mouth was noisy, and he was an authentic monk; he gave advice, pointed out the country, and was a real military master. He is the best at strategizing and winning thousands of miles, and he can also personally command thousands of troops and horses, defend the city but the enemy, and he is the first hero in the struggle of Ming Chengzu Zhu Di to seize Jiangshan. But he is just like a divine dragon, seeing the beginning but not the end, making people feel unpredictable and profound. He was a mysterious politician and military man.
In the bloody change of dynasties, the strategists who plan the country and mountains are as brilliant as the stars and countless. This is not surprising. But it is extremely rare to be able to combine an otherworldly, four-great monk and a courtier who actively uses the world and devotes himself to his wisdom. And Yao Guangxiao was such a mysterious monk and military master, a politician and strategist in robes.
Strange eminence
Yao Guangxiao's grandfather and father were both rural langzhong, and although their lives were hard, their ancestors were very respected by the townships. When Yao Guangxiao was fourteen years old, because the Yao family's ancestors had been buddhas for generations, his parents decided to make him a monk and seek food to eat.
After Yao Guangxiao left home, he studied under a Taoist monk named Xi Yingzhen and learned from him the "Study of Yin and Yang Techniques", while also reading gong poems and studying the art of war. He traveled in all directions, made friends with famous scholars, and was proficient in buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism, and became a well-known monk at that time.
Wuzhong is rich and is also a place where talents gather. Yao Guangxiao had four good friends, named Gao Qi, Yang Ji, Zhang Yu, and Xu Ben, who compared themselves to the four masters of the early Tang Dynasty. Among them, Xu Ben, the northern Guo Sheng, Gao Qi, Wang Xing, Song Ke and other ten people who lived next to each other, known as the "Ten Friends of Northern Guo", all of whom were friends with Yao Guangxiao. These people advised Yao Guangxiao to abandon the Buddha and return to Confucianism, but Yao Guangxiao politely refused. Around the twenty-third year of the Yuan Dynasty (1364), he immersed himself in the study of internal and external texts and began to compare and choose between the Buddha and The Confucian families. In the course of studying Buddhism and visiting friends and exchanging poems, his political thought gradually matured.
In the chaotic world at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Yao Guangxiao chanted poems and talked loudly, and indeed did not look like a monk who kept to himself in peace, but rather like a scholar with great ambitions. He longed to follow the path of Liu Bingzhong, a strange monk in the early Yuan Dynasty, to assist Ming Jun and achieve the cause of the emperor.
In the eighth year of Hongwu (1375), Yao Guangxiao was summoned to the Celestial Realm Temple of the Beijing Division as a Confucian. Although he did not win an official position this time, this trip to Beijing made him further befriend officials and senior monks, and increased his ambition to achieve his career.
In the ninth year of Hongwu, Yao Guangxiao returned to Suzhou Xishan Haiyun Courtyard, where he lived for four years, living a life of "sitting in danger all day long without passing guests". In the autumn of Hongwu's thirteenth year, he traveled again, and the following year "sailed above Zhejiang". At the recommendation of his good friend Zong Feng, he was again elected as a high monk to beijing in the fifteenth year of Hongwu (1382).
Chief adviser of Zhu Di, King of Yan
In August of the fifteenth year of Hongwu, empress Dowager Ma died, and Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the selection of high-ranking monks from all over the world to serve the kings and recite the sutras and recommend blessings to the kings. Zong Li was a famous monk in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties, who was in Beijing at that time and was deeply respected by Zhu Yuanzhang, who called him "Shu Xiucai". At his recommendation, Zhu Di, the fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, summoned Yao Guangxiao. When the two talked, they were very speculative, and they had the intention of seeing each other and hating each other. Zhu Di asked Yao Guangxiao to come out of the mountain to help, and Yao Guangxiao did not hesitate and gladly agreed. Yao Guangxiao followed the King of Yan north to Beiping. In order to cover people's eyes and ears, Zhu Di asked him to abbot Qingshou Temple. Since then, the two have frequently exchanged and often talked in secret, and as for what they talk about, it is still unknown.
In April of the 25th year of Hongwu, the crown prince died of illness, and the position of crown prince became vacant. Zhu Yuanzhang lost his son in his later years and was grief-stricken. In September of the same year, at the suggestion of Liu Sanwu, a scholar of Hanlin, Zhu Yuanzhang made Zhu Yunjiao, who was only ten years old, the emperor's grandson and designated a future successor.
After Zhu Yuanzhang's death, Zhu Di received the news and led his army to Beijing for mourning. When he was about to arrive in Huai'an, he received an edict sent by Zhu Yunjiao, asking him to return to his fief immediately. Zhu Di was very annoyed and still ordered to cross the river. Yao Guangxiao hurriedly dissuaded him, saying: "Even if the great king crosses the river with filial piety, he will disobey the edict, but he will not be filial piety, and may His Highness cultivate the mighty power of the dragon and the tiger." He feels the wind and clouds every day, and his wings are held high, then the river can only throw a whip and break it, so why bother here today!" Zhu Di followed Yao Guangxiao's advice, and although he was dissatisfied, he still led his troops back to Beiping. Practice has proved that Yao Guangxiao's suggestion was indeed a wise move at that time. Because if Zhu Di forcibly crossed the river, he would not only violate Zhu Yuanzhang's "will", but also take his own life if he did not make trouble.
In 1399, Zhu Yunjiao ascended the throne and changed his era name to Jianwen. After he came to power, he adopted the advice of the ministers Qi Qin and Huang Zicheng and wantonly purged the kings, and Zhu Di's situation was very dangerous. Under these circumstances, Yao Guangxiao immediately secretly advised Zhu Di to raise an army to seize power, but Zhu Di was always worried and could not make up his mind. In order to further strengthen the determination of the Yan King to raise an army, Yao Guangxiao took pains to continuously induce him by means of face-to-face, divination, and other methods, and made a brilliant analysis of the situation at that time, and Zhu Di was finally moved.
The Battle of Jing'an determined the world
At the instigation of Yao Guangxiao and others, Zhu Di, the King of Yan, decided to seize the throne and fight with his nephew Emperor Jianwen. As the main assistant and strategist of the King of Yan, Yao Guangxiao not only made the King of Yan finally make up his mind with his own strategy, but also made meticulous preparations in all aspects, of which training troops and forging weapons were particularly important.
In July of the first year of Jianwen, the King of Yan officially raised an army. The Yan army broke through the barriers and pulled out the city all the way, and the situation was fierce, and the whole country was shaken. Emperor Jianwen hurriedly sent Geng Shanwen as a general to lead an army of 300,000 to fight. The King of Yan, assisted by Yao Guangxiao, adopted a two-sided attack tactic to break Geng's army.
Jianwen april in May. Zhu Di, the King of Yan, entered the Capital Division and finally seized the power of the Ming Dynasty, and when he became emperor, he was the famous Ming Chengzu, who was given the era name yongle.
Politicians who do not take off their robes
After Zhu Di ascended the throne, Yao Guangxiao was rightfully favored and was immediately awarded the title of Monk Lusi Zuo Shanshi. In April of the second year of Yongle (1404), he paid homage to The Young Master, the Prince of Zishan, and restored his surname to Guangxiao. The Prince Ofsign was the highest rank (正二品) of the Wenchen at that time, and it was a real position, which showed that Zhu Di was extremely important to him.
In June of the second year of Yongle, Yao Guangxiao went to Suhu Lake as a Chincha to provide relief, which was a special honor. After more than twenty years of leaving his hometown, he finally returned home. However, by the time he returned home, both of his parents had died. His parents did not see his achievements, which inevitably made him feel a little intimidated. With mixed feelings, Yao Guangxiao put his parents' spiritual seat into the Miaozhi Nunnery, a young monk.
The most fruitful work of Yao Guangxiao in his later years was to preside over the compilation and revision of two major books, the Yongle Canon and the Records of Ming Taizu. It turned out that it was Xie Jin who presided over the compilation of the Yongle Canon, and Xie Jin did not understand the emperor's purpose of editing this huge book. In February of the second year of Yongle, after the completion of this huge book, it was named "Literature Dacheng". Submitted to the emperor for review, Cheng Zu was not very satisfied with the book. Yao Guangxiao and others were ordered to rebuild. In the fifth year of Yongle, this huge book of more than 20,000 volumes of contents including the Classics, History, Zi, Collection, Hundred Families, Astronomy, Geography, Yin and Yang, Medicine, Bu, Monk, and Tao was successfully completed under the auspices of Yao Guangxiao and renamed the Yongle Canon.
In the ninth year of Yongle, the seventy-seven-year-old Yao Guangxiao was again appointed as a supervisor and presided over the re-editing of the Records of ming Taizu until his death, and he completed this work conscientiously for about six years. The "Records of the Ming Taizu" that was cultivated this time is the three revisions we see today, which is a real re-cultivation, and the time and content of the whole book are much more than the previous two revisions.
Yao Guangxiao was seriously ill at the age of eighty-four and could not be seen, and still lived in Qingshou Temple. Cheng zu looked at it many times and gave him a golden spit pot. On March 28, 1418, in the sixteenth year of Yongle (1418), Yao Guangxiao died in the temple. He hoped to be able to bury himself in the way of a monk, but Zhu Di agreed and stopped looking at the second day of the dynasty to show his condolences. He was buried according to the monastic system on the banks of the Kinsilugou River. On the 30th, Gu Xingzu, the Marquis of Zhenyuan, was ordered to worship the spirit and read out the sacrifice text written by Zhu Di, the ancestor of Ming Cheng.
Yao Guangxiao was a dressed politician, strategist, and military man. Before Zhu Di seized power, Yao Guangxiao was a monk; after Zhu Di seized power, he remained an unwavering monk, because this robe provided the most effective protection for his political activities and good death. He continued to be a monk, essentially expressing an attitude to Zhu Di that he was weak in power and had no ambitions in politics. Zhu Di was thus relieved of Yao Guangxiao, but on the contrary, Yao Guangxiao's power and position were more solid, and he was able to spend his old age peacefully and start well.
Yao Guangxiao's cleverness also lies in the fact that after he became a high-ranking official and nobleman, he did not wantonly accumulate wealth like others. On the contrary, he maintained the true character of a monk, treating money as dung and never accumulating it. He once went to his hometown of Changzhou on official business, and distributed all the gold and property given by the imperial court to the clan townspeople, leaving no savings for himself, which is really a world away from the feudal bureaucrats who have always plundered and plundered the people's wealth.
The people of the world talk about filial piety, and often slander it with foreign monks. The reason for this is that he persuaded and helped the King of Yan to seize the throne of his grandson, both violating the Precepts of the Dharma and disobeying the confucian courtesy of the monarch. However, if one does not change his monastic deeds after all, he cannot conclude on the basis of pure utilitarianism alone.
Chen Ping
Chen Ping repeatedly made strange plans, the Savior was in danger, and made great achievements. His plans are unpredictable and bizarre, but they always solve difficult problems and change unfavorable situations. He is witty, has experienced risks, and can be at ease, always able to turn danger into destruction, although accompanied by the king is like a companion of the tiger, and finally a good end, it is really rare.
First, the Savior is in danger
Chen Ping was born into poverty, his family only had thirty acres of land, and in the Qin Dynasty, where there were few people and many land, according to the level of agricultural production at that time, he could only barely mix with food and clothing. Due to the early death of his parents, Chen Ping followed his brother and sister-in-law since he was a child. The elder brother immersed himself in hard work and devoted himself to raising Chen Ping for him to study and go to school and to seek teachers and friends. Chen Ping also lived up to his brother's expectations. Passionate about reading, he concentrated on studying Taoist doctrine and exploring the art of healing the world. He also visited teachers and friends, traveled to all directions, and was determined to do great things in the world.
Once, Chen Ping presided over the sacrifice in Li (a grassroots organization), and it was very fair when the sacrifice was completed. The villagers and fathers praised him one after another: "The children of the Chen family presided over the sacrifice and meat distribution, and did a really good job!" Chen Ping sighed sheepishly and said, "If I were to let Chen Ping preside over the world's major events, it would also be as fair as dividing meat." ”
Later, during the turmoil at the end of Qin, Chen Ping actively sought a suitable Ming Lord, and after following Wei Wang Gui and Xiang Yu for a period of time, he switched to Liu Bang and became an important strategist of Liu Bang. Whenever Liu Bang encountered a crisis and a critical moment, Chen Ping would offer a plan. The result of Liu Bang's adoption was that the crisis was lifted and the difficulties were overcome, and the strategy itself was often unexpected.
In 204 BC, Liu Bang was besieged by Xiang Yu at Rongyang (永陽, in present-day northeastern Xingyang, Henan) for almost a year, and cut off foreign aid and grain and grass supplies for the Han army. Liu Bang was forced to ask Xiang Yu for peace. However, Xiang Yu did not allow it, and continued to tighten the siege, and he was bound to put Liu Bang to death and then quickly. Liu Bang was worried, and Chen Ping took the opportunity to offer a divisive plan: "I think the people who can confuse the Chu army now are Xiang Yu's most trusted and trusted sub-father Fan Zeng, the generals Zhong Liyi, Long He, Zhou Yin and others. If the great king can be willing to take out tens of thousands of taels of gold, he can use a counter-plan to alienate his monarchs and make the Chu army suspicious. Xiang Yu had always been suspicious and jealous of listening to rumors, which would inevitably cause the Chu army's Neijiang to kill each other. At that time, our army took the opportunity to counterattack, and it was bound to break through. Liu Bang knew that if he didn't have a life, no amount of gold would be of any use. So he took out forty thousand taels of gold and handed it to Chen Ping to perform the divisive plan. Sure enough, the effect was soon seen, Fan Zeng was forced to resign and died on the way home, the general Zhou Yin rebelled against Liu Bang, and Zhong Li was alienated by Xiang Yu. Then, Chen Ping offered the "Li Dai Tao Zombie" strategy, pretending that the King of Han surrendered, and let the general Ji Xin impersonate Liu Bang and lead more than 2,000 Han troops dressed as women out of Dongcheng to surrender, while Liu Bang and Chen Ping took advantage of the emptiness of Xicheng to open the city gate and flee to the Guanzhong base area guarded by Xiao He, escaping from Xiang Yu's siege in one fell swoop.
In 203 BC, Liu Bang worshiped Han Xin as a general and surprised the Qi state controlled by Xiang Yu. After Han Xin occupied the state of Qi, his ambitions swelled, and he sent someone to report to Liu Bang and proposed that he act as the king of Qi. At this time, the Han army commanded by Liu Bang and the main force of Xiang Yu's Chu army were fighting inextricably and without distinction between high and low, forming a state of glue. Liu Bang was furious when he heard this, so in front of the emissary, he opened his mouth and scolded: "I have been trapped here for a long time, and every day I look forward to you Han Xin coming to help me, but you want to establish yourself as the acting king!" Chen Ping was standing next to Liu Bang's side at that time, and when he didn't hear it well, he didn't care about the courtesy of the monarch, and kicked Liu Bang's foot with his foot. Liu Bang was in pain, and he quickly stopped his mouth, and when he looked back, it turned out that Zhang Liang and Chen Ping had each kicked him, and they kept "squeezing his eyebrows and making eyes" at him. Liu Bang immediately realized that he had said the wrong thing. I thought to myself: Han Xin was an all-rounder in literature and martial arts, with heavy troops in his hands, far away in the State of Qi, and I Liu Bang were simply powerless to prevent him from becoming king. Han Xin is very important now, if he joins forces with Xiang Yu because of this, I Liu Bang will have no place to die. Even if Liu Bang was smart, he immediately changed his mouth and scolded: "If the eldest husband wants to be a king, he must be a real king, and what is the matter with being a false king!" Therefore, Han Xin was made the King of Qi and stabilized Han Xin's Qi army.
Soon, Chu and Han Yanhe, the two sides were bounded by a chasm, which is the origin of the "Chu River Han Boundary". Xiang Yu led his army to retreat eastward. Chen Ping found that Xiang Yu's army was in short supply of food and demoralized, and it had become the end of the crossbow. So he immediately offered Liu Bang a plan: the strategy of victory. At this time, Zhang Liang coincided with Chen Ping and also came to persuade Liu Bang to take advantage of the victory to pursue. Liu Bang questioned the fact that the ink stains of the peace treaty could not be lost to the world. The two dissected Liu Bang and advised Liu Bang not to let the tiger return to the mountain. Liu Bang woke up violently and immediately sent troops to chase after Xiang Yu. By 202 BC, Liu Bang, together with Han Xin and Peng Yue, and other allied forces, surrounded Xiang Yu under a tomb (Lingbinan, Anhui), "ambushed on ten sides", completely defeated the Chu army, and forced Xiang Yu to kill himself on the bank of the Wu River (northeast of Anhui and County).
Later, Liu Bang became emperor, led an army to attack the Xiongnu, and was besieged in Pingcheng (平城, in present-day northeast Datong, Shanxi), where there was really no food and grass and no rescue troops outside, and the situation was dangerous, Chen Ping offered two plans: anti-beauty schemes, bribery schemes, and Liu Bang escaped from death. Chen Ping was also rewarded with a rich reward for this, surpassing all the heroes of the early Han Dynasty.
Second, the wit is superior, and the danger is turned into a disaster
After Chen Ping escaped from Xiang Yu, he went to a ferry port to cross the river, and the boatman saw that Chen Ping was wearing a new dress and wearing a sword on his waist, so he thought that it was a "fat sheep", thinking that Chen Ping had a lot of gold and silver on him, and wanted to kill Chen Ping when the boat reached the middle of the river. Chen Ping saw that it was not good, so he took off all the clothes on his body under the pretext of hot weather, so that the boatman could see that he did not have anything valuable, so he successfully crossed the river and defected to Liu Bang.
Before his death, Liu Bang ordered Chen Ping and Zhou Bo to go to the front line of suppressing the rebellion and hunt down and kill the general Fan Duo. This Fan Duo was not only Liu Bang's old friend, but also his brother-in-law, that is, Lü Hou's brother-in-law. Chen Ping knew that it was difficult to violate the king's life, but he also knew that Liu Bang and Lü Hou were human beings, and they were afraid of repetition. So he consulted with Zhou Bo, but only designed to put Fan Duo in a prison cart, not to kill him immediately, but to personally escort him back to the capital Chang'an and wait for treatment. Sure enough, during this period, Liu Bang fell ill and died, and the power of the imperial court was controlled by Lü Hou. Hearing the news, Chen Ping knew that the situation was dangerous. Fortunately, fan was not killed, and he could also defend himself clearly to Lü Hou and avoid plotting. In order to be afraid of the long night and many dreams, Chen Ping let the prison cart march as usual, and he rushed back to Chang'an on horseback.
After returning to Chang'an, he pretended to be grief-stricken, stumbled into the palace, knelt in front of Liu Bang's spiritual hub, let out a cry of sorrow, and cried and complained, which made everyone present deeply moved. In fact, Chen Ping was worried about his fate, in the acting, Chen Ping said a lot, but the most important thing was to tell The Empress Lü who was present: Emperor Xian ordered me to hunt down and kill Fan Duo, I did not dare to do it easily, and now I have escorted him back to Beijing. Of course, Lü Hou knew that Chen Ping was acting, but when she heard that Fan Duo was not dead, she was relieved. Listening to Chen Ping's confession, seeing that Chen Ping was full of tears, and knowing that Chen Ping was indeed a great talent, he dispelled the idea of punishing him, appointed him as Lang Zhongling, and was responsible for educating and assisting the new emperor Han Huidi.
During the period of Lü Hou's dictatorship, Chen Ping was appointed as the Left Chancellor, but he was afraid of being suspected, so he echoed everything in government affairs and sought pleasure in life in order to protect himself. Later, after Lü Hou's death, Chen Ping and the lieutenant Zhou Bo joined forces to kill the kings of the Lü clan, set up Emperor Wen of Han, and continued to assist Emperor Wen of Han. In 178 BC, Chen Ping fell ill and died at home, and finally died a good death.
Chen Ping was one of the few wise men and women in ancient Chinese history. Although he is in the position of a minister, he is still a strategist. Although Chen Ping's strategy cannot be said to be upright, and even has some taste of "chicken singing and dog theft", he himself once said: "I use more conspiracies, which is forbidden by The Taoists", but they are very practical, can solve difficult problems, and can play a role and turn the situation around at critical moments, which is indeed impressive.
Jia Xu
Jia Xu (贾遚), courtesy name Wenhe, was a native of Wuwei Guzang (present-day Wuwei, Gansu). Initially with Li Yu, then from Zhang Ji and Zhang Xiu, and later to Cao Cao.
In the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", as soon as Jia Xu appeared, three or five sentences brought Dong Zhuo, whom Wang Situ had painstakingly tortured, to life, and one became four: Li Yu, Guo Feng, Zhang Ji, and Fan Chou fled to Shaanxi after Dong Zhuo's death and sent someone to wang Yun to ask for forgiveness. Wang Yun granted amnesty to the world and did not pardon these four people (Wang Situ short-sighted). When Li Yu was helpless and was preparing to scatter and escape, Jia Xu spoke: "If the kings abandon the army and go alone, then a pavilion can bind the king." If you lure the Shaanxi people, and the headquarters of the army and horses, kill into Chang'an... If it is not victorious, it is not too late to go. "So there was the book of Chang'an and the chaos that followed.
Later, Jia Xu, because of his different political views from Li Yu, left Li Yu and followed Zhang Ji and Zhang Xiu's uncle and nephew.
In the first month of the second year of Jian'an, Cao Cao raised an army of 150,000 to conquer Zhang Xiu. Jia Xu urged Zhang Xiu to lower the exercise and went to see the himself. After a conversation between Cao Cao and Jia Xu, he was very important and "wanted to use it as a strategist" (Cao Cao had vision. All the talents he meets will be snared and placed under the wings. ), pushed back by Jia Xu. Later, Cao Cao was killed by Zhang Ji's wife and Zhang Xiu's aunt Zou Shi, and the eldest son Cao Ang, the pimped nephew Cao Anmin, and the tiger general Dianwei were all killed by Zhang Xiu and Jia Xu.
In the summer and April of the third year of Jian'an, Cao Cao, who was anxious to avenge his son and nephew, once again raised troops to recruit Zhang Xiu. Under Jia Xu's plot, Zhang Xiujie and Liu Biao defeated Cao Cao again. In response to Zhang Xiu's question, Jia Xu's remarks fully demonstrated his insight and wisdom: "Xiu xiu pursues the retreating army with elite soldiers, and the public will be defeated; the retreat will defeat the victorious soldiers, and the public will be victorious." If it is said, how can it be tested?" "This is easy to know." Although the general is good at using soldiers, he is not a public enemy of Cao. Although the army has newly retreated, Cao Gong will break himself; although the pursuing soldiers are skilled, they will not be enemy, but they will also be sharp, so they know that they will be defeated. General Cao Gong attacked without any mistakes, and if he retreated without exhaustion, he would have a reason in the country; if he had broken the general, he would advance quickly with a light army, and after leaving the generals to break, although the generals were brave, they were not the enemy of the generals, so although they used defeated soldiers, they would win the battle. ”
In December of the fourth year of Jian'an, Yuan Shao and Cao Cao refused to accept Guandu. Yuan Shao sent a letter to Jia Xu to recruit Zhang Xiu. At that time, Yuan Shao was strong and Cao Cao was weak, and Zhang Xiu had a vendetta against Cao Cao, so he wanted to surrender Yuan Shao. Jia Xu tried his best to stop it, and said, "Fu Cao Gong serves the Son of Heaven to order the world, and it is advisable to follow Yi Ye." Shao is strong and prosperous, and I will not take me as the most important. Cao public is weak, it is pleasing to me, and it is advisable to follow the second also. Those who have the ambition of overlordship will release their personal grievances and use virtue in the four seas, and it is advisable to follow the three also. May the general be unmistakable!" Once again, an extraordinary strategic vision is demonstrated.
In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Guo Jia was extremely famous for Cao Cao's book "Ten Victories and Ten Losses", which is now believed to have strengthened Cao Cao's confidence in defeating Yuan Shao. In fact, cao Cao's confidence was also strengthened by Jia Xu: "Gongming defeats Shao, yong wins Shao, employs people to win Shao, decisive opportunities win Shao, there are four victories and half a year is uncertain, but Gu Wanquan is also the same." It must be decided, and it must be determined. ”
In the thirteenth year of Jian'an, Cao Cao, who defeated Yuan Shao and unified the north, defeated Jingzhou and defeated Liu Bei's might, Chen had millions of troops, and prepared to attack Sun Quan in the east. At that time, Guo Jia was dead, and none of the conspirators in the Cao camp had Jia Xu awake. He advised Cao Cao: "The Ming Dynasty used to break the Yuan clan, and now it is in Hannan, and its prestige is far away, and its military strength is great; if you take advantage of the old Chu's forgiveness, feed the officials, soothe the people, and make the people happy, then you can not work hard and serve the people." Cao Cao, who was hot-headed, could not listen, and eventually led to the defeat of Chibi.
Later, Cao Cao, who had been beaten by Han Sui and Ma Chao, relied on Jia Xu's divisive strategy to divide and defeat Han and Ma, and the famous "Han Sui in the Book Room" was actually Jia Xu's plan.
Jia Xu's talents were not only appreciated and valued by Cao Cao, but his son Cao Pi also borrowed from time to time in the dispute with his brother Cao Zhi's crown prince. Cao Pi once asked Ji Jia Xu how to consolidate his position, and Jia Xu told him: "May the general restore his virtue, devote himself to the cause of a noble soldier, and work diligently day and night, and not violate the way of his son." So much for. "Cao Pi must be down-to-earth, be a good man and a son of man." Later, Cao Cao consulted Jia Xu about the establishment of a prince, and the resourceful Jia Xu straightened Cao Pi in one sentence: "I often think of Yuan Benchu and Liu Jingsheng's father and son. ”
Jia Xu's lifelong wisdom was extraordinary. Looking at cao cao's subordinate strategists, there is no one who is right. Guo Jia died early, Xun Yu died, Xun You died in anger, Xu Shu did not say a word, Cheng Yu, and Full Favor could not be compared. Jia Xu's unique and good ending is related to his principle of being aware of current affairs, keeping a low profile, and not being ostentatious. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms has a pertinent criticism of his handling of people: "Boasting that he is not a former subject of the Taizu Dynasty and has a deep plan, fearing to see and guess, closing the door to himself, retiring from selfless intercourse, marrying men and women, not marrying high doors, and the wise and scheming of the world return to him." In addition, Jia Xu can be said to be the most selfless and professional ethics of the Three Kingdoms strategists: from Li Yu, a few words caused chaos in the world; following Zhang Xiu, he defeated Cao Cao and lost; after returning to Cao Cao, he did his best and fulfilled his duties. Chen Shou said that he was "able to grasp the power change and calculate all the strategies" is not a lie.