The formation of the consciousness of the Chinese national community is a historical process, which is accompanied by the formation of the Chinese national community. Historically, the concept of "Chinese nation" has had different meanings in different historical periods. The "Chinese nation" we are talking about now usually refers to the general term for the fifty-six nationalities that grew up in the big Chinese family, and sometimes also refers to the entire Chinese people. After the founding of New China, China strengthened the work of ethnic identification, increased the sense of national identity, and at the same time implemented the system of regional ethnic autonomy to ensure that the people of all ethnic groups have a high degree of power to manage their own ethnic affairs. Since the beginning of reform and opening up in the new period, all nationalities have achieved unprecedented rapid development, and earth-shaking and tremendous changes have taken place in society. The enhancement of the people's concept of the state and national pride is the inevitable result of historical development and is also the precious spiritual wealth and support of the people of all nationalities.
The literature of ancient China has always run through the rich ideological and spiritual connotations of national unity and national unity, and has subtly influenced and shaped the psychological and cultural characteristics of the people. Ancient literature carries the history and memory of the nation, such as myths and legends that preserve the collective unconsciousness of the people in our ancient times, classical poetry can increase our understanding of the splendid culture of ancient China, and classical novel masterpieces concentrate on recording the social life of our people. These literary works have greatly stimulated the patriotic feelings of the broad masses of the people, enhanced the people's love for the country and the nation, strengthened their identification with the consciousness of the Chinese national community, and played an important role in ideological enlightenment and understanding education. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, in the face of the crisis of national ruin and family destruction, the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country fought against the enemy and resisted foreign invasion together, and the sense of community of the Chinese nation was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The literature of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression epitomizes the spirit of patriotism and the strong belief of all nationalities in fighting together. The mutual influence and close connection between the literatures of all ethnic groups in the contemporary country fully reflect the prosperity and development of our country's economy and society, actively carry forward the core values of socialism, and embody the ideals and pursuits of generation after generation.
The consciousness of the Chinese national community in literary works belongs to the category of ideological tendencies, which is relatively indirect and hidden, but it is an important theme and content. Just as the relationship between economic foundations and ideologies is a cycle of action and reaction, the two interact and influence each other. In the history of literature, many writers have created literary works of various genres and forms with the theme of figures who safeguard national unity, such as Wang Zhaojun and Songzan Gampo, which not only shaped the great image of historical figures, but also publicized the idea of friendship and unity of various nationalities, and played a good ideological function. Through the aesthetic connotation of literature, these works act on the psychology of millions of readers, and promote the role of national identity and social transformation. Therefore, reading these works can not only enhance the aesthetic level of the people, but also further cast the sense of the Chinese national community. In particular, literary works with patriotic themes greatly arouse people's national feelings and cultivate people's collective concepts and patriotic feelings.
Taking Guangxi literature as an example, it includes two parts: folk literature and writers' literature, and is an indispensable and important part of Chinese multi-ethnic literature. There are 12 ethnic groups living in Guangxi, who are united and harmonious, and are known as models of national unity. Guangxi literature also has a strong sense of state and collective, showing distinct national characteristics and feelings of home and country.
Guangxi folk literature
National and collective ideas
Folk literature occupies a large part of Guangxi literature, and its content is rich and colorful, and its forms are diverse, including myths and legends, folk tales and long poems, mountain songs, etc. Their ideological content is different, and many of them propagate the traditional spirit of the Chinese nation such as diligence, bravery, love of peace, indomitability, and self-improvement. In ancient times, people did not yet have a clear sense of community of the Chinese nation, but they faced various natural disasters and needed to unite to defeat the common enemy, so the great unity and close fraternal relations of the people of all ethnic groups should be maintained. The Yi folklore "Flower Arrangement Festival" tells the story that in ancient times, floods broke out and flooded the land. There are only two brothers and sisters left in the world, who hide in a large gourd and seal the mouth of the gourd with wax. The old man of the golden turtle persuaded the brothers and sisters to become relatives, and the two of them had no choice but to marry and gave birth to a meat ball. At this time, the old man of the golden turtle drew his sword and split the meat ball, and 50 virgin boys and virgin girls appeared. When they grew up, they married each other, that is, today's Yi, Han, Miao, Hui, Tibetan, Bai, Dai and dozens of other ethnic groups. All ethnic groups are descendants of the same parents. Finally, they settled down in a place full of lantana flowers, which is the origin of the Yi Lantana Festival, also known as the Flower Arrangement Festival. Later, in the folklore "Flower Arrangement Festival" in Guangxi, it evolved into a gourd between brothers and sisters, from which came out of the Yi, Miao, Han and other eight ethnic groups, this blood relationship as a link of brotherhood, reflecting the brotherhood between various ethnic groups.
The Zhuang folk tale "The Song of Ma Gui Hu" also embodies the idea of the people of all ethnic groups uniting to tide over difficulties. The story tells the story of He Wenxiu, a young man of the Zhuang ethnic group in Guangxi, who avenged his father during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. His father, He Junda, was in charge of ordnance at the imperial court, but was assassinated by the chancellor Chen Lian because he was from a "quite heavy" background of the Zhuang ethnic group. He Wenxiu went through countless hardships and tribulations, and finally moved the emperor. He tracked down the culprit and put Chen Lian to death, ordering He Wenxiu to inherit his father's duties. This legend is adapted from the legendary story of the Han nationality, "The Book of Jade Chao", which cleverly transforms the original national estrangement into the nature of a loyal and traitorous struggle, thus propagating the strong desire for national unity and friendship. The song reads: "The natives love Huaxia, and the Han people love zhuangjia." Mingtuo and Junda are like pines and fir. The end of the song also directly points out the theme: "The strong man's family is close to each other, united like one person, and the piano song is legendary, singing from ancient times to the present." ”
Guangxi folk literature not only emphasizes mutual help and fraternity within one's own ethnic group, but also pays attention to strengthening unity with other fraternal nationalities and jointly resisting foreign aggression. At a time when the nation is facing danger, some ethnic minority leaders have called on the people to bravely resist foreign invasions and defend their homeland, and have become heroes in folk tales and folklore. For example, the Zhuang folk song "Lady Wa", written during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, lady wa, was originally the wife of Tusi Cen Meng in Tianzhou, Guangxi, her husband and son were successively accused of rebellion and were killed, and her grandson was also killed on the battlefield, which was originally a collection of family hatred. However, at this time, the southeast coast of our country was invaded by the Wokou, and the imperial court sent her to send troops to resist the Wokou. At the age of 58, she also led her people to the front line to heroically kill the enemy, united with the people of all ethnic groups in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas to resist the enemy, fought many victorious battles, and won many victories, which was praised by the imperial court and praised by the local people. Mrs. Watts sang, "Now that the matter has arrived, there is no need to keep old accounts." The most important thing now is to unite against the jackals! The Wokou came to invade and occupy our rivers and mountains. If the robbers do not drive away, how can the people live in peace? Pingwu state affairs, the old lady remembered. State affairs are as big as the sky, and family affairs are counted as ones. It can be seen that the concept of the state has always occupied the most important position in Mrs. Watts' heart. In addition, Lady Xian in the folk tale "Lady Xian" of the Wei and Jin Dynasties and Nong Zhigao in the folklore "Nong ZhiGao" since the Song Dynasty also have similar resistance to oppression and aggression, embodying the idea of national unity and loyalty and patriotism, and is a famous heroic image in the history of Guangxi.
Guangxi writers in literature
National and national sentiments
Guangxi's modern literature started late and gradually developed after the founding of New China, while literary creation since the new period has shown a diversified and prosperous trend, and has gone to the national literary scene in the way of marginal rise. Scholar Huang Weilin proposed in the book "The Common Development of Multi-ethnic Literature in Guangxi" that Modern and Contemporary Literature in Guangxi has experienced three peaks: one is the prosperity and development of the anti-japanese literature in Guilin Cultural City during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression; the second is the emergence of minority literature in the early 1950s and early 1960s at the beginning of the founding of New China; and the third is the marginal rise of literature at the turn of the century. The literature of these three periods has embodied the idea of national unity and national unity to varying degrees, and in the process of highlighting national characteristics, it has carried forward the sense of the Chinese national community.
First of all, during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Guangxi formed the literary phenomenon of the Guilin War of Resistance. The theme of Guangxi literature in this period was enlightenment and resistance, and propaganda was unity and resistance. From September 18, 1931 to September 3, 1945, there were three peak periods of writers gathering in Guilin. First, in 1932, Guangxi Normal College was established, and the principal Yang Donghuan invited new literary writers and scholars in Shanghai, shen qiyu, Chen Wangdao, Xia Zhengnong, Zhu Xiuxia, Yang Chao, Shen Xiling and others to teach, forming the first literary team. They systematically brought new literary concepts and new literary practices, cultivated a group of new literary writers in Guilin, and laid the foundation for the modern drama movement in Guilin. Second, after the fall of Guangzhou and Wuhan in 1938, a large number of literati gathered in Guilin to carry out cultural resistance. Ouyang Yuqian, Xia Yan, Ba Jin, Ai Qing, Guo Moruo, Wang Luyan, Ai Wu, Tian Han, Sima Wensen, and others formed the Guilin Branch of the All-China Literary and Art Circles Anti-Enemy Association. Third, after the outbreak of the Pacific War and the fall of Hong Kong, Lin Huanping, Mao Dun, Hu Feng, Duanmu Hongliang, He Xiangning, Liu Yazi and others pushed Guilin's culture of resistance to another climax, achieved a number of famous masterpieces, and completed the literary freeze-frame of Guilin Culture City.
Writers living in Guilin organize literary societies, establish literary publications, and cultivate literary youth. Their anti-war literature is rich in content and diverse in subject matter, including the reportage of Xia Yan, Sun Ling, Sima Wensen and others, the poetry of Ai Qing, Peng Yanjiao, Huang Yaomian and others, the prose of Hu Shi, Hu Zhengzhi, Feng Zikai, Feng Zhi, Ba Jin, Ai Wu and others, and the novels of Mao Dun, Ba Jin, Ai Wu, Wang Luyan, Luo Binji, Duanmu Hongliang, Sima Wensen and others. Their famous works include Ai Qing's lyric poem "I Love This Land", Feng Zikai's essay "The Mountain of Guilin", Mao Dun's novel "Frost Leaves Red in February Flowers", Guo Moruo's drama "Qu Yuan", etc., reflecting the deep disasters suffered by China's society and people during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, taking a clear-cut stand in advocating and carrying forward the spirit of patriotism, playing a role in publicizing the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression with literature and art, greatly inspiring the anti-Japanese confidence of the people of the whole country, giving play to the educational function of literature, and producing a huge social and political role. At the same time, it also promoted the transformation of Guangxi's local literature from old literature to new literature.
Secondly, the early days of the founding of New China were a period of self-pursuit and self-discovery of Guangxi literature. After the founding of New China, through the work of ethnic identification, the awakening of ethnic minority consciousness was promoted, and remarkable achievements were made in the creation of ethnic literature. Ethnic minority writers actively propagated the Communist Party's ethnic policy and sang about the socialist new China, which stimulated the love and yearning of the people of all nationalities for a new life. At the same time, ethnic minority literature has also bravely undertaken the mission and task of "window" and "bridge", so that the people of the whole country can know and understand the life and culture of their own ethnic group, so that everyone can form a strong atmosphere of national equality, unity and mutual assistance. Guangxi's contemporary writers' literature also inherits the excellent national cultural traditions, highlighting the close connection between personal life and the fate of the homeland. For example, the Zhuang writer Lu Di's novel "Beautiful South" vividly describes the land reform movement in the south of our country, and under the leadership of the Communist Party, intellectual Wei Tingzhong united with the workers and peasants to win the victory of land reform, so that the local people turned themselves into masters of their own affairs and lived a happy life. The political lyric poems of the Mulam poet Bao Yutang, such as "Singing My Nation" and "The Poetry of the Mulam Nationality Walking the Slopes", enthusiastically sang about the socialist new China and praised the new life of the Mulam people. The long narrative poems "Symphony of The Great Miao Mountain" and "Lantern Nocturne" by the Dong writer Miao Yanxiu respectively reflect the struggle of the Miao and Dong people to resist feudalism and social life in the vigorous revolutionary movement of modern China. In addition, the Zhuang poet Wei Qilin's long narrative poem "Hundred Bird Clothes" embodies the quality of the Zhuang people's love for labor, kindness and bravery by describing the legendary love story of ancient Guka and Yijiao rebelling against the oppression of toast. The opera "Liu Sanjie", written according to zhuang folklore during this period, reflects liu Sanjie's strong story of loving labor, conveying affection with songs, and daring to resist, and praises her excellent qualities of beauty, virtuousness, intelligence and ability to sing and dance, "playing a positive role in inspiring national self-esteem, stimulating national pride, invigorating national spirit, and changing the national spiritual outlook."
In the new period, Guangxi's literary creation has formed a good situation of common prosperity and development of multi-ethnic literature. Literary works not only highlight the national characteristics, depict the beautiful natural scenery and folk customs of ethnic minority areas, but also reflect the vicissitudes and great changes at the national level, especially the great progress in material life brought about by reform and opening up and the changes in people's psychological concepts. Wang Yungao and Li Dong co-authored the short story "Caiyun Gui" about the story of Taiwanese Major General Huang Weizhi in the late 1970s, who missed his wife on the mainland and eventually returned to the mainland for reunion, which effectively expressed the theme of the era of the reunification of the motherland. The work won the National Award for Outstanding Short Story in 1979. The land's "Waterfall" continues to depict the real life and revolutionary struggle in modern Guangxi, telling the heroic story of the young intellectual Wei Buping and the journey of the Zhuang people to awaken and move toward modernization, reflecting that the path of young people is closely related to the fate of the country. Yao writer Lan Huaichang's novel "Bonu River" reflects the tremendous changes in the Yao villages since the reform and opening up, and embodies the collective concept of the ethnic minority masses and the idea of daring to reform and innovate. In addition, Pan Qi's cultural essays, Wei Junhai and Huang Peihua's Hongshuihe regional cultural novels, and Pan Hongri's narrative novels in Northwest Guizhou all have distinct national characteristics, and are closely related to the fate of the country and the development of the times.
At the end of the 1990s, Guangxi literature closely followed the pace of national literary creation, achieved rapid prosperity and development, and formed a certain influence throughout the country. With the East and West and the Devil successively winning the Lu Xun Literature Award, together with the writer Li Feng, he is known as the "Three Musketeers of Literature" in Guangxi. In terms of creative techniques and art, Guangxi writers have their own talents and characteristics, and the avant-garde novels of the East and west, the realism of Huang Peihua, the modernism of the devil, and the postmodernism of Fan Yiping have won wide acclaim. Fan Yiping's "Shangling Village" series of novels "Murder in Shangling Village", "Heavenly Mountain", "Cicada Singing", etc., which fan Yiping has created in recent years, have been favored by the film and television industry. Since the beginning of the new century, the "Last Three Musketeers" Tian Er, Zhu Shanpo, and Disc have appeared in Guangxi's literary circles, and their novels also describe the real life in Guangxi at present, reflecting the regional characteristics and humanistic colors of the south. In terms of prose creation, he published Ling Du's "Po Song of the Hometown", Feng Yi's "Guihai Cangmao", "Red Clay Black", Lan Yangchun's "Song Tide", Yan Fenghua's "General Horn Flowing Year" and other prose collections, all of which have strong characteristics of Guangxi national culture and reflect the vitality of the "beautiful south" and the feelings of home and country. At the same time, we should also note that in the selection of the 12th National Minority Literature Creation Horse Award, Guangxi has three works that have won awards, namely Pan Hongri's novel "Notes on the Village", Li Youre's short story "Human News", and Mo Jingchun's prose collection "The Village Blown by the Wind". Coupled with the award-winning writers such as Zhong Risheng and Tao Liqun in recent years, it epitomizes the creative vitality of Guangxi literature.
In short, from the ancient folk literature of Guangxi to the modern and contemporary writers' literature, they all show a distinct sense of the Chinese national community. In modern and contemporary literary works, Guangxi writers not only express the common national spirit of the Chinese nation, but also show the distinctive characteristics of the guangxi ethnic group in life and art. China is a multi-ethnic country with a vast territory and a wide territory, and in the current complex and ever-changing international environment, safeguarding national unity and national unity is not only the common aspiration of the people of all ethnic groups, but also the highest interest of all the people. In the process of the rapid development of contemporary China's literary creation, as literary and art workers in the new era, we must further forge a solid sense of the Chinese national community, carry forward the spirit of patriotism, and give full play to the aesthetic and educational role of literary works.