1. Du Kang: Legend has it that Du Kang invented wine. Later, it was used as a synonym for wine. Three Kingdoms Wei Cao Cao "Short Song Xing": "How to solve worries, only Du Kang." ”
2. East Fence: Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty "picks chrysanthemums under the East Fence and sees Nanshan leisurely". Later, the "East Fence" was used to express the pastoral life or leisure and elegance after the retreat. Song Li Qingzhao "Drunken Flower Yin": "After the east fence puts the wine at dusk, there is a dark fragrance on the sleeves. ”
3. Cold food: the name of the festival, one or two days before the Qingming Festival. Legend has it that Jie Zitui of the Jin Kingdom lived in seclusion in the mountains, and Jin Wen Gong used the method of burning the mountain to force him to come out to be an official, but Jie Zitui could not be burned to death. In order to commemorate the introduction of Jin Wengong, it was forbidden to raise a fire on the day of his death, and only ate cold food. Hence the verse. Tang Hanhong's "Cold Food": "Flowers fly everywhere in the spring city, and the cold food is slanted by the east wind and willows." ”
4. Khan Qing: In ancient times, the words were written on the bamboo slips, and the bamboo slips were first burned with fire to make them dry, which was called "finishing green"; Because the bamboo slips are like sweat when drying, they are also called "sweat green". The latter refers to manuscripts and historical books. Song Wentianxiang's "Crossing the Zero Ding Yang": "Since ancient times, no one has died, leaving Dan to take care of his sweat." ”
5. Red bean: a plant in the south, also known as "acacia seed". It was often used by ancient people to symbolize love or lovesickness.
Tang Wangwei's "Acacia": "Red beans are born in the south, and a few branches are sent in spring; May you pick more, this thing is the most lovely. ”
Tang Wen Tingyun's "New Voices of Willow Branches" No. 2: "Exquisite dice and red beans, do you know if you are lovesick? ”
6. Ruler Su: Uttering the ancient music house "Drinking Horses Great Wall Cave Tour": "Guests come from afar, leaving me double carp." Hu Tong cooks carp, and there is a ruler book. Later it was the pronoun of the epistle. Song Qinguan's "Tasha Xing": "The plum blossoms are sent at the post, and the fish passes the ruler element, and there is no repetition in this hatred."
7. Winged birds: Legend has it that the bird only has one eye and one wing, so two birds must be together to fly, a metaphor for husband and wife. Tang Bai Juyi's "Song of Long Hatred": "In the sky, I wish to be a winged Wu, and in the earth, I am willing to be a Lian Li branch." ”
8. Connecting branches: two branches that are born together, such as a loving couple. Tang Bai Juyi's "Song of Long Hatred": "In the sky, I wish to be a winged Wu, and in the earth, I am willing to be a Lian Li branch." ”
9. Green leaves: Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was invited by Cui Tingshi of Huzhou to be a guest when he was a staff member in Xuancheng. I met a girl in Huzhou, at the end of the year, my heart was quite loved, and I married her ten years later. After that, he traveled for many years, until 14 years later, he was appointed as the assassin of Huzhou, and he returned to the old place, and the girl who met that year has been married for three years and has given birth to two sons. Du Mu was melancholy and wrote the poem "Sighing Flowers" to express his sigh. The poem says, "Since I am looking for spring and going to school late, I don't need to be sad and resentful." The wind fell crimson, and the green leaves were full of branches. Later generations then used "green leaves" to symbolize that the woman was married and had children.
10. Long pavilion: The ancient post station set up a long pavilion about ten miles apart on the road, and set up a short pavilion in five miles for visitors to rest and say goodbye. Later, "Changting" became a synonym for the place of farewell. Song Liuyong's "Yulin Bell": "The cold cicada is poignant, the long pavilion is late, and the showers are at the beginning of the break. ”
11. Cai Wei: In the last years of the Yin Dynasty, King Wu of Zhou attacked Yin, and the sons of the monarch of the Guzhu Kingdom, Boyi and Shuqi, thought that this was a murder of the monarch with a minister, so they stopped the horse and admonished him. After Yin, the two did not eat Zhou Su, lived in seclusion in Shouyang Mountain, picked roses and ate, and finally starved to death. Later, it was used as a metaphor to live in seclusion. Tang Wangji's "Wild Hope": "I don't know each other, and I sing a long song with Caiwei." ”
12. The Great Wall: Tan Daoji, a general of the Southern Song Dynasty, called himself the "Great Wall". Later, he was called a heroic figure who could resist the invasion of the enemy. Song Luyou's "Book Anger": "Plugging the Great Wall is empty, and the sideburns in the mirror have been spotted. ”
13. Zhang Tailiu: The Tang Dynasty poet Han Yu is one of the ten talented sons of the Great Calendar. Later, Han Yu was the staff of Hou Xiyi, the envoy of the Ziqing Festival. At the time of the Anshi Rebellion, he did not dare to take the Liu family to his post. After three years of separation, they failed to reunite, because of the message Liu Shiyun: "Zhangtai Liu, Zhangtai Liu, is the past still there?" Even if the strip looks like it hangs down, it should be folded by the hands of others. Liu's also has a word cloud: "Willow branches, Fangfei Festival, hateful parting every year." A leaf suddenly reports autumn with the wind, even if you come, how can you be broken?" Because she was beautiful and lived alone, she was afraid of accidents, so she became a nun. Soon he was robbed by the general Sha Zhali, and then Lai Yuhou rescued Xu Jun with a trick and was reunited. Later generations named Han Yu to send Liu's words to "Zhangtai Liu". "Zhangtai Liu" is also used as a road that can be climbed by others, and the willow wall flower refers specifically to characters such as prostitutes.
14. Ascending: Chongyang has the custom of ascending. Tang Wangwei's "Memories of Shandong Brothers on September 9": "The brothers who are far away know that there is one less person in the dogwood. ”
15. Thrush: Zhang Chang of the Western Han Dynasty was affectionate and loved his wife. Later, this was used to describe the love between husband and wife. Tang Zhu Qingyu's "Recent Attempts on Zhang Shuibu": "After the makeup, ask your husband in a low voice, is there any depth of the thrush? ”
16. Golden Crow: Legend has it that there is a three-legged crow in the sun. Later, the "golden crow" was used as the synonym of the sun. Tang Hanyu's "Plum Flower Gift to Zhang Eleventh Signature": "At the beginning of the golden crow seabed, Zhu Hui scattered the green glow. ”
17. Lao Ge: A song sung when sending off guests at Lao Lao Pavilion. The former site of Lao Lao Ting is in Nanjing, which is a famous farewell place in ancient times.
Tang Xuhun's "Xie Ting's Farewell": "Lao Ge is a song to explain the boat, and the red leaves and green mountains and water are rapid. The sunset wine is far away, and the wind and rain go down to the west building. ”
18. Loulan: The king of Loulan was greedy for money and killed the Han envoys to the Western Regions many times. Therefore, "Loulan" often refers to the enemy on the border. Tang Wang Changling's "From the Army": "Qinghai Changyun Dark Snow Mountain, the lonely city looks at Yumen Pass. The yellow sand wears gold armor in a hundred battles, and Loulan will not be returned if it is not broken. Tang Libai's "Plugged Song": "I am willing to put my sword down my waist and cut Loulan directly." ”
19. Dream Butterfly: Also known as "Butterfly". During the Warring States period, Zhuangzi once had a dream that he turned into a butterfly. Post-metaphor dreams, dreams. Later generations used it to refer to the delusional dreams and fickle things. Tang Li Shangyin's "Untitled": "Zhuang Shengxiao dreams of butterflies, and hopes that the emperor will trust the cuckoo in spring." Song Luyou's "Leisurely Travel" No. 3: "Sleepy and secluded windows turn into butterflies, drunk and intoxicated with crows." ”
20. Blue Bird: Legend has it that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sacrificed in Yonghua Hall on July 7, and suddenly a blue bird flew from the west, and Dongfang Shuo said that it was because the Queen Mother of the West was coming. Later, he used it as a messenger to deliver the message. Sui Xue Daoheng's "Yu Zhangxing": "I am willing to be the queen mother and the three blue birds, flying around to spread the news." Tang Li Shangyin's "Untitled": "There is no way to go to Pengshan, and the blue bird is diligent to visit." ”
21. Three paths: At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang was autocratic, and Jiang Xu resigned from the assassination to live in seclusion, "opening three paths" under the bamboo shade in the garden, and only intersected with Yang Zhong and Qiu Zhong. Later, it was used to refer to the place where the hermit lived. Tao Qian of the Eastern Jin Dynasty "Words of Return": "The three paths are barren, and the pine chrysanthemum still exists." Tang Bai Juyi's "Wanting to Have a Gift with Yuan Babu Neighbors": "The bright moon is good for the night of the three paths, and the green poplar is suitable for two springs." ”
22. Mulberry elm: Legend has it that the sun sets on Kuan, and the shadow of the sun shines on the mulberry elm tree. This is a metaphor for the twilight of the sun, and then a metaphor for people's old age.
Tang Liu Yuxi's "Reward for Joy and Praise for the Elderly": "Mo Dao Sangyu is late, and the sky is still full of xia. ”
Tang Wangbo's "Preface to the Pavilion of King Teng": "Dongyu has been lost, and Sangyu is not too late." ”
23. Shoot the wolf: The wolf, the name of the star. The ancients thought that the Lord was plundering. Later, he used the metaphor of "shooting the wolf" to fight the invading alien race.
Song Sushi's "Jiangchengzi • Mizhou Hunting": "Will hold the bow like a full moon, look northwest, and shoot the wolf." ”
24. Double carp: The ancients sent letters and knotted the letters into the shape of double carp. Gu Yuefu's "Drinking Horses and Great Wall Caves": "Guests come from afar, leaving me with double carp." It was thus compared to an epistle. Tang Li Shangyin's "Sending Orders to the Fox Langzhong": "Songyun and Qin Shu have been away for a long time, and Shuangli has a paper book. "Pisces" is synonymous. Tang Libai's "Gift to Hanyang Auxiliary Record": "Hankou Pisces white brocade scales, so that the ruler is a lover." ”
25. Huang Li: Speaking out of the "Book of Songs, Huang Li", the Eastern Zhou Dynasty doctor passed through the former capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and saw that it was full of corn, and then there was a sigh of destruction of the palace temple. Later, he expressed his regret and sadness for the country's past prosperity and decline. Tang Xuhun's "Dengluoyang Ancient City": "He Huang is separated from the semi-wild artemisia, how can the former people know how to work in the city?"
26. Merchant Girl: Uttering Tang Dumu's "Bo Qinhuai": "The merchant girl does not know the hatred of the country, and she still sings the flowers in the backyard across the river." "A merchant girl is a singer. Later, it was used as an allusion to the drunken dream of dying regardless of the rise and fall of the country. Song Wang Anshi's "Guizhixiang": "To this day, the merchant girl still sings all the time, and the song in the backyard is left. ”
27. Throwing a pen: When the Eastern Han Dynasty was young, he made a living copying official documents for the palace. He once wrote and sighed that he wanted to emulate Fu Jiezi and Zhang Qian for their meritorious service in foreign lands and take the title of marquis. Later, he abandoned the text and followed the martial arts. Tang Luobin Wang's "Suwen City Wangjun Camp": "Throw a pen and cherish the class, Linrong wants to Gu Xun." Song Xin abandoned the disease "Water Tune Song Head": "Mo Xueban is super pen, even if he is a marquis for thousands of miles, and he is haggard in the old border state. ”
28. Yangguan: Yangguan, the name of the ancient pass, now southwest of Dunhuang, Gansu. Wang Wei's "Sending Yuan Er Envoy Anxi": "Persuade the gentleman to drink a glass of wine, and there is no one in Yangguan in the west." Later, it was composed into a farewell song, called "Yangguan Song". Li Shangyin's "Drinking Banquet Drama Gift to the Same House": "Sing all the infinite stacks of Yangguan, half a cup of pine leaf jelly." ”
29. Folding willows: The custom of the capital of the Han Dynasty that all visitors who are sent to the east of Chang'an must be sent to the Baqiao, and the willow branches are given away. The latter refers to farewell. Li Bai's "Listening to the Flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night": "In this nocturne, I hear the willows, who can't afford the love of the hometown." ”
30. Bending his waist: Tao Yuanming bent his waist to the children in the village because he was unwilling to do five buckets of rice, so he resigned and went into hiding. Li Bai's "Sleepwalking in the Sky and Leaving Farewell": "An Neng broke his eyebrows and bent his waist to deal with the powerful, so that I couldn't be happy? ”
31. Lamentation: A metaphor for people who are sad, painful, and displaced. Gong Zizhen's "Jihai Miscellaneous Poems": "The three watches are suddenly sad and thoughtful, and there is no Huai Shui Mei in September. ”
32. Ba Song: also known as Ba Song, Ba Song, and Ba Ren Song. Refer to vulgar works, and make more humble words. Li Qunyu's "From Panpu Pudong to the River Table, Leaving Baqiu to Invest in Gongyu": "Ba Ge covers the snow, and Bao buries Lanfang." Xie Yingfang's "Water Tune Song Tou and Sending Remuneration to Yuan Ziyingxiao Temple": "Thank you for sending double carp, Bai Xueyang Spring and several songs, for me and Ba Zhen." Write more in comparison with "spring and white snow", expressing your insignificance
33. White-clothed dog: also known as the white cloud dog, a metaphor for the fickleness of the world. From Du Fu's poem "Lamentable": "The clouds in the sky are like white clothes, and the beard changes like a dog." Throughout the ages, everything in life is at one time. Personnel changes are like floating clouds, like white clouds for a while, and like dogs for a while.
34. Offering celery: It is also said that "celery offering". There is a story in "Liezi Yang Zhu" that once upon a time, a man boasted in front of the gentry in the village how delicious celery was, and after the gentry tasted it, he was "stung in the mouth and miserable in the stomach". Later, he used "Xianqin" to humbly refer to the gifts of the giver as small, or the suggestions he made were shallow.
35. Hugging the pillar: According to legend, the same woman met under the bridge in ancient times. He waited for a long time, but did not see the woman coming, when the river rose sharply and flooded the bridge, and Oyo, in order to keep the promise, refused to leave, hugged the bridge pillar, and drowned in the water. Li Bai's "Long Dry Journey": "If you always hold the pillar letter, how can you go to the Wangfu Tower."
36. Ice Heart (Ice and Snow):
(1) The crystal of ice and snow is a metaphor for the loyalty of the heart and the nobility of character. For example: "Luoyang relatives and friends ask each other, a piece of ice heart is in the jade pot." (Wang Changling's "Viburnum Clothes Send Xin Gradually")
(2) Noble heart, the ancients used "clear as jade pot ice" as a metaphor for a person's bright and upright heart. Another example: "The Linghai should be remembered for many years, the lonely light shines on itself, and the liver and lungs are ice and snow." In Lingnan's one-year career, his personality and conduct are as crystal clear as ice and snow.
37. Plants and trees: Contrast desolation with the prosperity of plants and trees, and express the feelings of prosperity and decline. Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow": "Ten miles of spring breeze, all the buckwheat is green." "Ten miles of spring breeze, the very prosperous Yangzhou Road is now overgrown with green buckwheat, and it is desolate." The old garden is barren and the willows are new, and the Lingge is singing in spring. "The willows on the barren platform of the old garden of Wu have grown new branches, and I think of the sheng song and dance here in the past, and the grand scene is more beautiful than the spring light. Here is a desolation set off by the luxuriance of willows. Du Fu's "Shu Xiang": "The green grass is from the spring, and the yellow sky is good in the leaves." "A generation of virtuous ministers and their achievements have disappeared, now there is only the green grass of the green stone steps, every year of its own spring, the yellow bird in vain issued this tactful and beautiful cry, the poet sighed that the past is empty, expressing regret. Yu Xi's "Wuyi Lane": "Wild grass and flowers by the Vermilion Bird Bridge, the sunset at the mouth of Wuyi Lane. "The former prosperity of the Suzaku Bridge is gone, the side has been overgrown with weeds and wildflowers, and the Wuyi Lane has lost its former magnificence, and the sunset reflects the dilapidated and desolate alley.
38. Chanjuan: It originally refers to a beautiful posture and is mostly used to describe women. Because people often use beautiful women as the moon, they also call the moon Chanjuan. In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi's "Water Tune Song Head" wrote: "I hope that people will last a long time, and they will be together for thousands of miles."
39. Spotted bamboo: Xiangfei bamboo. After Shun's death, Shun's concubines Empress E and Nuying cried on the Xiangshui River, and tears were sprinkled on the bamboo, and the bamboo poles were marked. Liu Yuxi's "Tai Niang Song": "How to sprinkle this thousand lines of tears with bamboo branches in the Xiangjiang River." ”
40. Carving insects: The words of Yangxiong in the Han Dynasty "Fa Yan": "The boy carving insects and carving strong men is not for it." Later metaphors refer to insignificant techniques, mostly referring to literary techniques. Li He's "South Garden": "Looking for chapters and excerpts from the old carving insects, the dawn moon hangs a jade bow on the curtain." I don't see the Liao Sea every year, where does the article cry the autumn wind? ”
41. Cardamom: Cardamom is a perennial herb. Later, it was said that the age of thirteen or fourteen years old was the cardamom years. Du Mu's "Farewell": "More than thirteen years of grace, cardamom tips in early February."
42. Coquettish: originally referred to the "National Style" of the "Book of Songs" and the "Lisao" of the "Chu Ci", and later referred to excellent literary works or literary collections. Mao Zedong's "Qinyuan Spring": "Emperor Qin and Han Wu, slightly lost literary brilliance; Tang Zong and Song Zu are slightly less coquettish. ”
43. Honghu: "Historical Records of Chen Shijia" records that Chen Sheng, the leader of the peasant rebel army at the end of the Qin Dynasty, rarely had the ambition of Honghu, and later unveiled the uprising in Daze Township. Later, he used the "Honghu" as a metaphor for lofty ambitions. Wu Qian's "Eight Voices of Ganzhou": "Look at the Honghu and fly high from afar." ”
44. Hua Bi: "Zhuangzi Foreign Things": "The lord of the people does not want the loyalty of his ministers, and loyalty may not be believed, so the soldiers flow in the river, Chang Hong died in Shu, and his blood was hidden for three years and turned into jasper." Chang Hong was a virtuous minister of the Zhou Dynasty who was exiled to Shu without being convicted. After he committed suicide in Shu, the locals hid his blood with a jade box, and three years later the blood turned into jasper. Later, he also used "blue blood" and "Changhong Huabi" as metaphors for upright and upright people who were wronged and died for the sake of a just cause or were loyal. For example, "Dou E's Injustice": "It's not that I, Dou E, made such a headless wish, and the real grievances are not shallow...... This is our Chang Honghua Bi, the Emperor Wang's Cry. "Zhu Dunru's "Magnolia Flower Slow": "Turn the blue sea to the west, and ask who will receive it." Gu Yanwu's "Gift to Zhu Jian Ji Sifu": "I was worried about the collapse of the three armies in Jingkou, and I said bitterly that Yangzhou was surrounded in seven days. The blood has not disappeared from the current base, and the white heads see the old clothes. Qiu Jin's "To Wine": "I don't hesitate to buy a treasure knife, and I can exchange mink Qiu for wine." A warm blood is diligent and cherished, and wine can still turn into blue waves. ”
45. Dongshan High Lying: Xie An of the Eastern Jin Dynasty resigned and lived in seclusion in Dongshan. The latter refers to seclusion. Tang Libai's "Liang Yuanyin": "When the East Mountain is lying high, it should be late to help the common people. ”
46. Please enter the urn (weng): Wu Zetian was proclaimed emperor, and after quelling Xu Jingye's rebellion, in order to get rid of the Tang Dynasty clan and ministers who opposed her, she told the countrymen to inform, and the informant could be an official. Therefore, there was a group of people who started because of whistleblowing, among them: Suo Yuanli, Zhou Xing, and Lai Junchen are typical examples, the three of them handled the case and tortured to extract confessions, and the methods were cruel, killing many innocent people, and later someone told Zhou Xing to rebel, and Lai Junchen "invited the king into the urn" to punish him, and Zhou Xing was assassinated on the way to exile; Suo Yuanli was executed by Wu Zetian because he had harmed too many people and the people were too angry; Lai Junchen premeditated to kill Wu Zetian's nephew Wu Sansi and Princess Taiping, who were powerful at the time, but the latter preemptively exposed the old story, and was also executed by Wu Zetian.
47. Fang Mou Du Xuan: refers to the two capable prime ministers of Tang Taizong, Fang Xuanling and Du Ruhui, Fang Xuanling is good at strategy, Du Ruhui can make big decisions, and the two tacitly cooperate to assist Tang Taizong, and Tang Taizong regards it as his arm.
48. Descendants of Yan and Huang: About 4,700 years ago, Xuanyuan (i.e., the Yellow Emperor) united with Emperor Yan to defeat the Chi (Chi) You of the Jiuli tribe, and the captives of Chi You were called "Li Min", after which the Yellow Emperor defeated the Yan Emperor and became the leader of the tribal alliance in the Central Plains. Later generations praised the Yellow Emperor as the ancestor of the Chinese people, because the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor are close relatives and fused together, so we are also called "the descendants of Yan and Huang".
49. Qin and Jin's goodness: It refers to Qin Mugong's help Chong'er, the exiled son of the Jin State who was exiled in Qin, to return to China and become the monarch, and married his daughter Wen Ying (Ying) to Chong'er, achieving "Qin and Jin's goodness".
50. Return pearls: In ancient times, pearls were produced in Hepu, but local officials were very greedy, and the pearls were automatically moved to other places. Meng of the Eastern Han Dynasty came here to be a taishou, and the corruption and malpractice were eliminated, and the pearl returned to Hepu. Therefore, the "return of pearls" is a metaphor for the officials to be honest and honest. Du Mu's "Ten Rhymes of Li Changshi in Spring": "Today is still the pearl guard, when is the halberd Lang?"
Source: World Classics Daily Reading