What is history: it is the echo of the past to the future, the reflection of the future on the past. - Hugo
In the first year of Duanping, the Southern Song Dynasty and the Mongol tribes united to launch an attack on the Jin Dynasty. At that time, the Song and Jin had been facing each other for more than a hundred years, and the Jin State had single-handedly destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty. However, the Jin State, which had been suppressing the Southern Song Dynasty, was still unable to resist the joint attack of the Song and Mongolia. With the help of the Mongol cavalry, the Song army became more and more courageous, and the Jin Dynasty was defeated and retreated. Eventually, the Jin state was destroyed by the Song and Mongol forces at Caizhou (present-day Zaoyang, Hubei).
However, while lamenting the demise of the Jin Dynasty, later generations also expressed surprise at the union of the Southern Song Dynasty and Mongolia.
In fact, the union between the Southern Song Dynasty and Mongolia did not arise on a whim, and the twists and turns in it are really difficult to describe. In the third year of Jianyan, Hong Hao, an envoy of the Southern Song Dynasty, was forcibly detained by the Jin State when he was on an envoy to the Jin State. However, after Hong Hao was forced to stay in Jinguo, he was not discouraged because of his own suffering. He extensively recorded various situations in the Jin Dynasty, and then tried to convey the information to the Song court.
In the twelve years of Shaoxing, after more than ten years of seeing and hearing, Hong Hao already had a relatively comprehensive understanding of jinguo. He wrote to his homeland, saying that the Kingdom of Jin was now in decline and had been threatened by the Mongols. Therefore, the imperial court could take the opportunity to plan the Northern Expedition and recover its homeland as soon as possible. But unfortunately, the Song court used the "Shaoxing Peace Talks" as an excuse to put aside Hong Hao's proposal.
In the thirty-first year of Shaoxing, the emperor of the Jin Dynasty, Yan Liang, gathered his troops and wanted to go south with great momentum. Therefore, in order to resist the Jin soldiers, the Southern Song Generals Liu Kun and Wu Xuan took the initiative to put forward the idea of cooperation to the Mongol and Khitan ministries. However, at that time, the Mongol tribes were constantly in strife and did not have a climate. Coupled with the obstruction of the Jin Dynasty and the Western Xia, the Song-Mongol alliance has not made substantial progress.
In the fourth year of Jiading, a protracted war broke out between Mongolia and the Jin Dynasty. Although the Mongol army took the initiative at the beginning, it was still difficult to win a big victory under the stubborn resistance of the Jin army. In the ninth year of Jiading, the Jin army seized the opportunity to counterattack and recaptured more than fifty cities in the Hebei region in one fell swoop, making the situation begin to be unfavorable to the Mongol army.
Originally, after several years of fighting, the Mongol side was exhausted and it was difficult to regain the war. As long as the Golden Army maintains this posture and continues to fight steadily and steadily, victory will be just around the corner. However, the arrogant Jin Xuanzong actually transferred many troops south and ordered them to attack the Song dynasty in the south. In Jin Xuanzong's view, the mighty Mongol army was not his opponent, let alone the Southern Song Dynasty, which had always been weak.
Nowadays, the overall situation has been, it is better to start a two-front battle, in order to gain a greater advantage. At this time, the Mongol army was being overwhelmed by the Jin army, and when it saw the Jin army marching south in large numbers, morale was immediately high. Although they are temporarily inferior, how can a soldier of nomadic origin be easily defeated? Soon, Taiyuan and Hezhong, which were occupied by the Jin Dynasty, were lost one after another, and the areas around Hebei and Shaanxi were in danger.
When Jin Xuanzong saw the situation, he couldn't help but regret his mistake. He immediately ordered the troops of the Southern Expedition to be transferred back to prevent the Mongol commanders from driving straight in. Unexpectedly, after years of cultivation and recuperation in the Southern Song Dynasty, its national strength has been greatly improved.
As soon as the Jin army and the Song army fought, they fought inseparably, and it was really difficult to withdraw from the battle. In desperation, Jin Guo had to fall into a two-front battle. In the end, years of war and chaos cost a lot of money, so that the powerful JinGuo was dragged down by the war. By 1224, Emperor Xuanzong of Jin died, and his third son, Emperor Aizong of Jin, succeeded to the throne. At that time, the mountains and rivers of the Jin Dynasty had been destroyed by the Mongols and the Southern Song Dynasty.
However, Jin Aizong learned from his father's mistakes and decisively showed his goodwill to the Southern Song Dynasty, and then contracted the defensive line to recuperate. And the Southern Song Dynasty saw that the Jin Dynasty and mongolia were inseparable, and they were happy to watch the fire from across the shore. After that, Emperor Aizong of Jin exerted great efforts to recover his vitality and finally resisted the Mongol attack. Unexpectedly, the Mongol army detoured through Dengzhou and raided the Jin Kingdom, catching the Jin State by surprise.
After this battle, the Jin State lost 150,000 elites, and even the capital city of Beijing was captured by the Mongols. In the end, Jin Aizong, who was as panicked as a dog that had lost his family, had to retreat to Caizhou and re-plan his next strategy.
The loss of the capital city made Emperor Jin feel sad. However, he did not want to retake Beijing from the Mongols, but instead planned to go south to occupy the territory of the Southern Song Dynasty, and then continue to develop on this basis.
In this way, the Jin Dynasty completely offended the Southern Song Dynasty and Mongolia.
From 1233 onwards, the victorious Emperor Aizong of Jin constantly ordered attacks on the Southern Song Dynasty. Moreover, when the situation of the Song and Jin wars was still unclear, Jin Aizong was even more desperate, ordering the general Wu Xian to concentrate his forces on attacking the Sichuan area, hoping to make Sichuan a territory of the Jin State.
Wu Xian was stunned when he received the order, he had been in the battlefield for a long time, and he could see the loopholes in this plan at a glance. If nothing else, just take a good look at the map to see the absurdity. Once you enter Sichuan, isn't it self-casting? Jin Aizong did not understand military command, but Wu Xian did not want to die in a confused state.
Therefore, Wu Xian decisively surrendered to the Southern Song Dynasty, and then put out the plans and plans of Emperor Aizong of Jin. When the Southern Song Dynasty learned of this, it quickly sent troops to ambush and defeated the 70,000 troops of the Jin Dynasty in one fell swoop. After that, the Jin State, which suffered heavy losses, had no choice but to hold caizhou, and under the encroachment of the Mongol army, Caizhou soon became an isolated city.
The Mongols saw that the Jin kingdom was in danger, so they constantly sent troops to attack Caizhou. Moreover, the commander of the Mongol army, Tachar, personally led the army to attack, hoping to completely destroy the Jin Kingdom.
Unexpectedly, the Jin people saw that the disaster of the fall of the country was in front of them, and one by one they gave their lives to launch a fierce battle with the Mongol army. Tachar organized several waves of death squads to attack the city, all of which were killed by the red-eyed golden soldiers. Looking at the golden soldiers who shouted in the sky, Tachar couldn't help but inhale a cool breath. He immediately ordered the siege to stop, and then built a fortress to besiege the Jin kingdom, hoping to trap the Jin army alive.
This was a good idea, but at this time, Mongolia's grain and grass also began to panic. As a result, it is still unknown who drags down whom. In addition, the Southern Song Dynasty was not unsafe about Mongolia, but the two southward movements of Jin Xuanzong and Jin Aizong were extremely harmful, and had completely torn apart the peace agreements reached by Song and Jin. If, this time, the Jin Dynasty rises from the dead, then war will still break out between Song and Jin.
Thinking about it, the Southern Song Dynasty felt that there was no choice but to unite with Mongolia and resist Jin, so the Southern Song Dynasty ordered an attack on Caizhou and sent 300,000 stones of grain and grass to the Mongol army. On the tenth day of the first month of 1234, CaiZhou was declared lost under the joint attack of the Song and Mongol armies.
At this point, Jin Aizong committed suicide and martyrdom, and the once invincible Jin Kingdom perished.
In short, the song-Mongolian alliance was only facilitated by the joint action of many factors, and the Southern Song government was not unaware of the truth of the cold lips and teeth, but the lesser of the two evils.