In the popular "Man Jiang Hong", Yue Fei used only twelve words to express his deep hatred for foreign invaders. And the source of this hatred is the three words "Jing Kang Shame" at the beginning.
In 1126 AD, Emperor Huizong of Song changed his era name to "Jing Kang", which was known as the "First Year of Jing Kang", that is, in the winter of this year, the Jin army marched south and attacked the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty in less than a month, and Huizong and his son Qinzong were captured, known in history as the "Change of Jingkang". During the nine years of captivity, he gave birth to fourteen children, and the humiliation he experienced in them is indescribable.
Faint rulers
In 1100, when Emperor Zhezong of Song died of illness, Empress Xiang immediately summoned his ministers and demanded that emperor Zhezong immediately make a decision on who would be the emperor. Zhang Huan, who was then chancellor, demanded that King Shen be made emperor in the order of eldest and youngest, while Empress Xiang rejected him on the grounds that King Shen suffered from an eye disease, and expressed her hope that King Zhao Ofu would be made emperor. At this time, Zhang Huan loudly retorted: "King Duan is frivolous and debauched, how can the king come to the world?" However, Zhang Huan was too weak to change the decision made by Empress Xiang, and Zhao Tuo, the King of Duan, became the eighth emperor of the Song Dynasty.
At the beginning of his reign, Emperor Huizong also wanted to exert great efforts to restore the devastated jiangshan to a peaceful and prosperous world. He believed that the introduction of the new law by the reign of Emperor Shenzong and Emperor Zhezong undermined the country's economic and political fundamentals, so he appointed the conservative Han Zhongyan as the ruler, and soon promoted Han Zhongyan to the position of Right Minister. Zuo Xiangzhang, who had tried to implement the new law in the previous dynasty, and cai bian, the ruling cai bian, and others were violently attacked as a result. As a result, the political struggle between the law-changing faction and the conservative faction in the government and the opposition intensified.
However, due to Emperor Huizong's own lack of political experience, the intensification of the political struggle between the law-changing faction and the conservative faction gave Yu Chen an opportunity to take advantage of it. With the ascension of Emperor Huizong to the throne, the chancellor Cai Jing gradually became appreciated by the emperor with his calligraphy. In order to attack the conservative faction, the Reformers recommended Cai Jing to the emperor. After Cai Jing seized power, he began to do no evil in the name of changing the law. This has caused a lot of resentment throughout the country.
A frontier of militarism
During Emperor Huizong's reign, there was not only internal political disorder, but also external instability. The northern border was surrounded by strong enemies, and both the Jin and Liao states looked at the Song Dynasty. In order to solve this dilemma, Emperor Huizong tried to negotiate peace with the Jin state, and sent emissaries to the Jin kingdom several times to discuss with the Jin state to jointly attack the Liao state, which is known in history as the "Alliance on the Sea".
However, due to the lack of excellent generals in the Song army and long-term corruption, the army's combat effectiveness was low. Hundreds of thousands of troops of the Song Dynasty attacked the Liao capital Yanjing twice, both defeated by the Liao defenders.
In August of the first year of Jing Kang, Jin Taizong tore up the "Alliance of the Seas" after Yan Sheng, marched south, and captured Beijing. When the Jin army was approaching the city, Emperor Huizong of Song gave way to the crown prince Zhao Huan, who was known as Emperor Qinzong of Song. Song Qinzong sent emissaries to make peace with the Jin army, but the Jin army refused his request. In November of the same year, the Jin army attacked the Song dynasty capital of Bieliang and plundered for three months. In March of the following year, Emperor Huizong of Song and Emperor Qinzong of Song were taken prisoner to the north, and the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed.
The subordinate prisoner of the Golden Man
In March 1127, Emperor Huizong and Emperor Qinzong ordered emperor Huizong and Emperor Qinzong to rush to Yanjing to meet Emperor Taizong of Jin, and even if Emperor Huizong had no choice, he had to go to Yanjing under the escort of the Jin army. In addition to Emperor Huizong's father and son, more than 3,700 concubines, princes, horses, and palace women in the palace were also escorted north as prisoners of the Jin army. Before leaving, Emperor Huizong led the empress and her heirs to visit the Taimiao Temple in the city, and they wept bitterly because of the destruction of the country and the death of their families, and for a while they could not stand because of the pain and congestion, and they could only barely walk under the support of Zhao Qi, the king of Jing.
During the long escort journey, the Jin people often deliberately humiliated Huizong. Passing through the vicinity of Yaoshan County, the Jin drove the people who lived there and ordered them to bow to the emperor's chariot, thus blocking Emperor Huizong's way forward. And halfway through the journey, Emperor Huizong, who was responsible for escorting Emperor Huizong, coerced Guo Yaoshi, who had surrendered to Jin, to see Emperor Huizong, and after Guo Yaoshi saw the former Son of Heaven, he forcibly defended his surrender, and he had to sigh and say: "Heavenly personnel affairs, it is reasonable." ”
On May 18, Emperor Huizong and his party finally arrived in Yanjing, and at this time most of the officials accompanying him had fallen ill due to the incompatibility of the water and soil. At the same time, most of the concubines and princesses who were escorted were forcibly abducted by the generals in the Jin army. According to records, during the nine years he was imprisoned, he still had fourteen children left, and it was confirmed by later generations that most of these fourteen children were not of the blood of Emperor Huizong.
In July 1128, in order to humiliate the Northern Song dynasty, Emperor Taizong of Jin decided to let Emperor Hui and Emperor Qin visit the ancestral temple as a gift of captivity. Above the ancestral temple, the Jin soldiers forced Huizong's father and son to remove their clothes and lead the sheep into the temple to show their sincere submission. Later, the Jin army forced Emperor Huizong's father and son and Qianyuandian to personally meet Jin Taizong, and on the Qianyuandian Hall, all Song Dynasty captives had to go naked, wear sheep fur, and kneel to listen to the Jin people read Jin Taizong's edict. The next day, In order to further humiliate him, Emperor Taizong of Jin made him duke of Duande.
Two years later, the Jin people moved him to the City of Five Kingdoms on the pretext that someone had plotted a rebellion under the guise of Emperor Huizong to prevent him from being affected. Before leaving, Jin Taizong personally ordered that he be strictly forbidden to bring entourage officials and various retinues, and only a few princes accompanied him this time. The following year, Emperor Jin Taizong granted him ten horses of silk and allowed him to meet his daughter. At this time, the former Heavenly Son could not bear the humiliation, and connected two tables to thank Jin Taizong.
In the Five Kingdoms City, Emperor Huizong finally gained a stable life, but soon after, Empress Zheng, who had accompanied Emperor Huizong for a long time, finally died of overwork, and he was deeply shocked, and in 1135 AD, Emperor Huizong also fell ill due to exhaustion, and finally died in April of this year, and the officials who were still stranded in Yanjing heard the news of the emperor's death, and they all changed into mourning clothes and looked at the Five Kingdoms City and wept.
Nine years after Jing Kang's change, Emperor Huizong of Song finally died in the Five Kingdoms City where he was imprisoned due to excessive remorse and grievances and the inability to withstand mental torture. He was fifty-four years old. Jin Xizong will be buried in Guangning, Henan. After the news of Emperor Huizong's death returned to the Southern Song Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty honored him as Emperor Xianxiao of Shengwen Rende.
epilogue
During the reign of Emperor Huizong of Song, due to his lack of political experience, he expelled the Xianchen and became close to the courtiers, and used military force to the outside world, which made the national strength of the Song Dynasty gradually weaken, and finally ended up with the destruction of the country and the death of the family. As an emperor who still did not think of making progress after being captured, and only used his words to relieve his own sorrows, this kind of behavior was completely ashamed of the military generals of the Southern and Northern Song Dynasties who struggled to resist Jin, and ashamed of the world.
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