The genius Temujin went through great hardships to establish the Great Mongol Kingdom, and the first to suffer were the Western Xia and Jin Kingdoms. In the Battle of Wild Fox Ridge, which decided the fortunes of Mongolia and jinguo, the Jinguo was defeated and the country was destroyed.
Hello friends, I am Wang Qingbin
Welcome to my album, a clear account of colorful history.
In 1206, the year of Han Nong's Northern Expedition, the mongol tribes elected their new leader, named Temujin. No one would have imagined that it was the chief of this semi-civilized tribe who would lead his people in the cause of sweeping through Eurasia and building an unprecedented empire.
The Mongols originated in the Erguna River in the Daxing'an Mountains in the northeast, and some people say that their ancestors were the earlier Donghu, a branch of the Xianbei people, and the Old Book of Tang called them "Mengwu Muwei", which is a tribe of Muranwei, which is also the origin of the name Mongolian.
Later, they migrated west to the steppe areas, developing from forest hunting tribes to steppe nomadic tribes, and then gradually developed and grew, becoming the main dominant force in the desert northern Mongolian plateau.
The Mongol tribal confederations successively submitted to the Khitan Liao state and the Jurchen Jin kingdom, but the Jin court was more jealous of their strength, often instigating wars between various nomadic tribes, and there was a struggle for the leadership of the Khan, so there were also many contradictions between the Mongol tribes.
Temujin's father was a small leader of the tribe, and when Temujin was 9 years old, he died in this tribal struggle, and his subordinates also left, leaving the orphans and widows abandoned by the tribe, and his mother had a difficult life with several children.
From an early age, Temujin developed the characteristics of stoicism, courage, calmness and alertness, and even killed his half-brother in order to compete for a fish. He himself was almost killed by the tribesmen several times, but fortunately he was helped by someone to survive.
From the age of 16, Temujin began to pay attention to cultivating his own power, and he gradually regained his own tribe with the help of Wang Han, the powerful leader of the Kre tribe in the steppe.
The living environment on the grassland is very cruel, there are often wars between tribes and tribes, after a defeat, Temujin's wife has become the enemy's spoils of war, and later with the help of Wang Han and his "Anda" (Anda is the brother of worship on the grassland), Zamuhe, he defeated the enemy and snatched his wife back.
It was in such a non-stop tribal struggle that Temujin made full use of the power of Wang Han and Zamuhe, and even the power of the Mongol suzerainty and the enemy Jinguoren, to make himself stronger and stronger, and finally inevitably clashed with the tribes of Zamuhe and Wanghan.
Later, he defeated Zamuhe and Wang Han, and also defeated the more powerful Sun Khan on the Mongolian plateau, becoming the only overlord of the Mongolian plateau qualified to rule over various tribes.
In the spring of 1206 AD, the Mongol ministries held a kuritai assembly at the source of the ChuNan River, and jointly elected Bo'er Zhijin Temujin as the common leader of the Mongol tribes, called "Genghis Khan", and established the Great Mongolian State, and some people believe that he would be the emperor.
After Genghis Khan established the Great Mongolian State, he established a basic system of military, administrative and social inclusion of thousands of households, breaking the boundaries between tribes and tribes, and strengthening leadership. At the same time, a system of sub-feudalism was established, in which land, population and property were divided among the people. Perhaps because of this, his great Mongol state was destined to continue to expand abroad.
From then on, Temujin, along with his military geniuses who were as self-taught as he was, embarked on the path of conquest.
Genghis Khan's conquest of the outside world was two main directions, one was the agricultural settlement civilization area in the south, mainly the Western Xia and the Jin Dynasty, and the other was the westward conquest of Central Asia, mainly aimed at Khwarazm.
Genghis Khan encountered the Western Xia when he unified the Mongol departments, of course, the Western Xia could not beat the fierce Mongols, and then the Mongols came to fight from time to time, usually before there was a big move, afraid of the Western Xia people making trouble, they came to beat him. The Western Xia were frightened, and although they were extremely reluctant and made small moves from time to time, they still had to submit to the Mongols.
Western Xia was just an appetizer for the Mongols to fight in the south, and the real feast was the Golden Kingdom.
For a long time, the Jinguo people's rule over the steppe tribes was quite brutal, and they were afraid that these nomadic peoples would form a climate, and in addition to provoking them to kill each other, they also came to fight it themselves every three to five minutes. For the Mongols they encountered, all the men above the wheel were killed, and the others cut off their thumbs, so that they could no longer use knives and guns, and could not draw bows and shoot arrows.
This is the cruel and vicious Jinguo people, plus the Jinguo people have helped the Enemy of the Mongols, the Tatars, and crucified the Mongol Khans on wooden donkeys, can the Mongols not hate them? History is worth playing at this time, and the way the Mongols retaliated against the Jin people was exactly the same as the Jurchens' revenge on the Khitans.
Jin Zhangzong died in 1208 and was succeeded by his uncle, the weak Wei Shao King, Who completed Yan Yongji, and later became known as the Deposed Emperor of Jin. Temujin had dealt with him, knowing that he was a faint-hearted man, and that he had been seeking to get rid of the Golden Kingdom after unifying Mongolia.
When Yan Yongji's edict was sent to Mongolia, according to the rules, Temujin needed to bow down to the messenger, but Temujin spat in the direction of the southern Jinguo, saying that I thought that the emperor of the Central Plains could only be a wise and divine warrior. After saying that, Tsema yang went away, and since then, Mongolia has severed ties with the Jin Dynasty and stepped up preparations for war.
In 1211 AD, Genghis Khan officially raised an army against the Declining Jin Dynasty and chaotic government.
At this time, the Jin Dynasty was no longer the state of force and strength at the beginning of the founding of the country, and it could not withstand the Mongols at all. The Jin army used a large number of manual fortifications on the northwest border to build a 300-kilometer-long fortification, hoping to block the Mongol Iron Horse. However, Genghis Khan asked his 3 sons to lead the army in Datong to contain the main force of the Jin army, and he concentrated his main force to break through the Usha Fort and then use the mobility advantage of the Mongol cavalry to advance rapidly.
This was followed by the famous Battle of Wild Fox Ridge, which determined the fate of both sides.
In order to ensure the safety of Zhongdu, the Jin army voluntarily abandoned Huanzhou, Changzhou, and Fuzhou on the border of Inner Mongolia and Hebei and retreated to the wild fox ridge line, intending to rely on the mountainous terrain to block the Mongol army.
These three states not only had strong walls, but also abundant grain and ordnance, especially Huanzhou was the main gathering place for the warhorses of the Jin Dynasty, which was a long time, and the Mongol army not only received sufficient military replenishment but also boosted morale, and the Jin State could no longer organize a decent cavalry unit. Moreover, the Mongol army had no worries and could let go of the decisive battle with the Jin army in Wild Fox Ridge.
Wild Fox Ridge is located about 200 kilometers northwest of Beijing, in the territory of Zhangbei, Hebei, known in ancient times as the "Gate of Infinity", and it is believed that this is an unknown place without borders. It is an important military fortress and a natural barrier connecting the north of the desert to the north, the west to the western region, and the south to the Central Plains.
The commander of the Jin army in the Battle of Wild Fox Ridge also made the mistake of dispersing troops, with 450,000 troops spreading out the defense, while the Mongol army concentrated 100,000 elites to attack the north mountain mouth of Wild Fox Ridge and bravely rush to kill in the face of the enemy's outnumbered. However, the Jin army's mountain defense lost its mobility, and it was too late to communicate and move, coupled with the scattered military spirit, they fled in defeat and were chased and killed by the Mongols in the mountains. After that, the Mongol army caught up with tens of thousands of gold troops gathered in the defeated and fleeing at Xunhe Fort, fought fiercely for 3 days, and won another great victory.
The great battle lost the elite of the Jin army, there were no more mobile troops to move, and the Central Plains became a slaughterhouse for the Mongols to come and go freely.
The Battle of Wild Fox Ridge was a decisive battle between the Jin Dynasty and Mongolia, a real battle of national fortunes, and this fiasco made the Jin State lose the possibility of competing with mongolia, basically lost the ability to fight back, and it was only a matter of time before the Country was destroyed by the Mongols.
Well, friends, we will talk about the content of this issue here.
History is wonderful, history is helpless
I am Wang Qingbin, let me gently tell you the colorful history.