Jin in history is a very special dynasty, by the Jurchen Yan A bone to establish in Huining Province, the beginning of the founding of the Jin State can be described as the limelight for a while, not only destroyed the Liao State and the Northern Song Dynasty, in the north are invincible, the Southern Song Dynasty does not dare to easily provoke, the "Jingkang Difficulty" created is still remembered by history.
As one of the most prosperous feudal dynasties in China's history, the Song Dynasty did not expand its territory like other dynasties, but was repeatedly oppressed, the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed by the Jurchens, the people became the most inferior slaves in society, the emperor became prisoners, and the empress concubines were humiliated.
But why did such a powerful Golden State exist for only a short period of time in history before it was overthrown?
In 1217, the Jin people sent troops to attack the Southern Song Dynasty from Lianghuai, Jinghu and Sichuan-Shaanxi, and this war was also the second time since the "Kaixi Northern Expedition" that the Jin and Song dynasties met each other again.
In fact, in history, the Jin Kingdom wanted to take the Southern Song Dynasty more than once, but failed to succeed, in 1217 this war was different from the past, when the Jin State was already in a state of turmoil, the north was occupied by the Mongols, but at this critical time, the Jin State chose to start a two-front war which was very confusing.
In the face of the Mongols' iron horses, the Jin did not have much advantage, and from 1211, when the Mongols began to attack the Jin Kingdom, the Jin Kingdom was gradually defeated and even forced to move the capital to Beijing.
When Genghis Khan took away the elite Mongol troops in order to march west in 1219, but even in the face of such a good opportunity, Jin Xuanzong still did not give up attacking the Southern Song Dynasty.
Jin Xuanzong's seemingly unwise approach, if you look deeply into history, you will find that there are three key factors that forced him to make such a decision, so attacking the Southern Song Dynasty is also a kind of unavoidable behavior to some extent.
Nourish the war with war and replenish national strength
Although the Jin Dynasty at that time seemed to be a faint and incompetent ruling class, even if the people who could reach a high position were incompetent, they could not make choices that ordinary people would not make, and the attack on the Southern Song Dynasty could be described as forced.
The Jin Dynasty, which once dominated the north, was gradually destroyed by the Mongols in the Battle of Wild Fox Ridge in 1211.
In the Battle of Wild Fox Ridge, Genghis Khan used 100,000 horses to win more with less, defeating the 500,000 elite troops of the JinGuo army, and the Jinguo suffered more than 200,000 casualties in this war, and the remaining troops scattered and fled.
It can be said that the war at Wild Fox Ridge directly affected the follow-up trend of the Later Jinguo regime, resulting in the defeat of the final Jinguo.
It was in this environment that the Jin Dynasty had no more national strength to support the war with the Mongols, compared with the Western Xia in the west of the Jin Dynasty, although not strong, but equally poor, and it was more ideal to choose the Southern Song Dynasty as an opponent.
The Song Dynasty had a lot of wealth but no ability to protect it, and although the Jin State at that time had been severely damaged, it was not difficult to earn back points from the Southern Song Dynasty, especially the lack of logistical resources of the Jin Dynasty, once there were not enough strategic resources to supply the Jin Army, the military force would quickly disintegrate, and the ruler regime naturally no longer existed.
In order to avoid such discovery, the Jin State launched an attack on the Southern Song Dynasty.
At that time, although the Southern Song Dynasty was not as prosperous as the Northern Song Dynasty, it still had a greater advantage than the surrounding countries, and most importantly, for the damaged Jin State, the Southern Song Dynasty, which had weak military strength, was undoubtedly the best soft persimmon, even if it could not be taken, it could obtain a large amount of resources to support the war between the Jin State and Mongolia.
Deter the Southern Song Dynasty and prevent the abdomen from being attacked
The contradiction between the Jin State and the Southern Song Dynasty was irreconcilable, the Jin State was established and destroyed the Liao State, because of the territorial problem and the Northern Song Dynasty, 1127 Jin soldiers directly hit the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and after the destruction of the city, more than 3,000 people except the emperor were taken captive, including the northern Song princes and ministers, the queen concubines and the slaves in the imperial palace.
The captives of the two emperors were stripped naked and draped in sheepskin as a "sheep-leading ceremony", and the Treasury of the Northern Song Dynasty was almost plundered.
The suffering of female captives is even more difficult to describe, abused and humiliated by the Golden Soldiers, and even the women in the hook fence are not as good as the women in the fence.
After the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty, the rulers continued to want to go north to cut gold and recover the land occupied by the Jin State, but because of the weak military strength of the country, the purpose of the Rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty has not been realized.
When war broke out between the Jin Dynasty and Mongolia, especially the Jin State suffered heavy losses, it had to beware of the Southern Song Dynasty taking advantage of the fire and looting, and some troops guarded against the Southern Song Dynasty, and could not concentrate on fighting Mongolia, which was also an important reason for the defeat of the Jin Dynasty.
In the Mengjin War, the Jin Dynasty was repeatedly defeated in battles, and in order to prevent the Southern Song Dynasty from reaping the benefits of the fishermen, it would choose to take the initiative to launch a war to deter the Southern Song Dynasty, which had been eager to move.
Let the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty understand that although the Jin Dynasty repeatedly lost in the Mengjin War, it was still easy to deal with a Southern Song Dynasty.
Pursue strategic depth, turn retreat into advance, and change defense to attack
The main purpose of the Jin Dynasty's attack on the Southern Song Dynasty was actually to leave a retreat for itself and prevent it from falling into the mud after the Mengjin War broke out again.
The victory of the Southern Song Dynasty not only recovered the Southern Song Dynasty, but also greatly increased the strategic depth of the Mengjin War, and also solved the dilemma of the Jin Dynasty at that time.
If you have studied history, you will find that when the Jin Dynasty attacked the Southern Song Dynasty, it had reached the point where there was no way to retreat in the war with the Mongols, and although the Territory of the Jin Dynasty was vast, it became a burden in the Mengjin War.
The western part of the Jin Dynasty was also attacked by the Mongols in western Xia, and Tubo and other places could not be the rear of the Jin Dynasty's conquests because of regional reasons.
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Although the Jin Dynasty rose in the northeast, due to the betrayal of Yelü Liuge, the Southern Song Dynasty became the last choice of the Jin Dynasty at that time.
Attacking the Southern Song Dynasty can be said to be the last desperate choice of the Jin Dynasty, after all, if the troops do not move, in the subsequent war with the Mongols, the Jin State has almost no chance of winning. By attacking the Southern Song Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty could have a place to rest and recuperate.
But in the end, the Jin State did not capture the Southern Song Dynasty, and was defeated in the Mengjin War, and after the destruction of the capital city, the Jin State was like the former Northern Song Dynasty, more than 500 members of the imperial family were captured, and they experienced the "Jing kang difficulty", and Jin Aizong luckily escaped a disaster and passed the throne to Yan Chenglin.
The Southern Song Dynasty, which was repeatedly ravaged by the Jin Dynasty, did not miss this opportunity, and joined forces with the Mongols to join forces under the city on the second day of the abdication of Emperor Jin Aizong, and Yan Chenglin was killed on the battlefield.
After the historians have examined it, Yan Chenglin is definitely the emperor with the shortest reign in history, who died on the battlefield within an hour of succession, and he also bore the reputation of "the king of the fallen country" for Jin Aizong.
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