In the period when the Qing Dynasty was founded and expanded, there was a prince who played a crucial role, "it was the two who were servants of the Ming Dynasty, but pushed the King of The Spirit to this point, when the Shenwu Yingluo, Xun Zhiyi", this prince who was revered as the King of The Spirit was respected by the Qing Dynasty Royal Family because of his age and great military achievements, even if the regent Dolgun who ruled the world saw him, he had to kneel, the eight iron hat kings of the early Qing Dynasty, his family owned three, Kangxi commented on him as "loyal to the crown at that time, meritorious to the future generations."
1. Ancient Ingmbatulu
In the eleventh year of the Ming Dynasty (1583), Nurhaci's concubine Tong Jia gave birth to a second son, named Daishan, and in this year, relying on the support of thirteen pairs of armor from his father-in-law's family, Nurhaci began the journey to unify the Jurchen departments. However, only a year later, Daishan's mother, Tong Jiashi, died of illness, and at that time Nurhaci often faced enemies to hunt down and kill, and once Nurhaci had no choice but to hide Daishan's three sisters and brothers under the cabinet to escape the disaster.
Like his elder brother Chu Ying, DaiShan followed his father Nurhaci on the battlefield from an early age, and when he was 16 years old, he followed his father and brother to conquest Hada, Huifa, Yehe and other departments, and was awarded the title of Baylor for military merit.
However, what really made Daishan stand out was the Battle of Wujiyan.
In the thirty-fifth year of the Wanli Dynasty (1607), the 25-year-old Daishan, along with his uncle Shulhazi and his brother Chu Ying, went to the city of Feiyou in the Jurchen Varkhabe of the East China Sea to meet the submissive Tsemuthebu people, but on the way back to Jianzhou, they were ambushed by the Urab. There were only about 3,000 soldiers in the state led by Daishan, and there were more than 10,000 enemies on the enemy side, and the two Daishan brothers bravely killed the enemy and said to the soldiers:
"My father susan was good at consulting, and although he was at home now, the two of us led the troops here, and the people did not have to be afraid. Bu Zhantai was once captured by our country, tied with iron locks, and ruled his country without death, and when the years were not long, Bu Zhantai was a body, and his life was released from my hands. Don't be a soldier of this, heaven help the might of our country, my father's heroic name, this battle will be won. ”
In the end, the Daishan brothers defeated the Ulabu soldiers, beheaded more than 3,000 enemies, captured Changzhu's father and son and his brother Huribu Belle, and Daishan even beheaded the Ulabu general Boguoduo, who was the father-in-law of Huang Taiji (Note: Boguoduo's daughter Ula Nalashi was Huang Taiji's step-concubine, that is, Hauge's biological mother), and in this battle, Daishan was given the title of "Ancient Ying Batulu" by his father Nurhaci.
"Guying" means "hat iron with nails on the top of the handle", "Baturu" means warrior, this title, there is a Qing dynasty, for daishan unique.
2. Conferring the throne as an imperial heir
In the forty years of the Wanli Dynasty (1612), Daishan and other brothers and the five ministers, dissatisfied with Chu Ying's bullying and abuse, jointly complained to Nurhaci, and in order to maintain the unity of the state, Nurhaci finally killed his eldest son Chu Ying after three years of ideological struggle.
After Chu Ying was killed, Daishan became Nurhaci's eldest son, and because of his outstanding military achievements, he also held two red flags, and was appointed by his father Nurhaci to act as a deputy, saying: "After a hundred years of my life, my young sons and Dafujin will be handed over to the eldest brother for adoption", which actually established The status of Daishan's crown prince.
On the first day of the first lunar month in 1616, Nurhaci established the Jin Dynasty, established the capital Hetuala, and fixed the year name as the Mandate of Heaven, at the same time, Nurhaci also named four sons and nephews as Heshuo Belle, namely Daishan, Amin, Mang Gultai and Huang Taiji, and Daishan was called the Great Belle.
In the fourth year of the Mandate of Heaven (1619), Nurhaci sent an army to attack the city of Yehedong, and the three brothers Daishan, Amin, and Mang gultai attacked the city of Yehesi. When the Western City of Belle Buyangu heard that the Eastern City had been breached, he had the idea of surrendering, but Daishande swore not to kill himself, and Buyangu was Daishan's brother-in-law (brother-in-law), so Daishan made an oath with Buyangu.
However, Nurhaci still ordered that Buyangu be hanged, and thus the curse known to us was heard: "Although there is a woman in my descendants, he will also overthrow Manchuria!" ”
3. The mysterious destiny of five years
The fifth year of the Mandate of Heaven (1620) was a disastrous year for Daishan, a year in which the 38-year-old Daishan suffered the greatest setback of his life and was deposed as crown prince. What the hell is going on?
First, in March and April, when Houjin moved from Jie domain to Sarhu, Nurhaci assigned the mansion to Each Belle to build a mansion, and Daishan saw that the homestead of his son Yueto (Daishan's eldest son) was better than his own, so he wanted to occupy it.
Second, in September of that year, there was a defection of Joto.
Shuo Tuo is the second son of Dai Shan, and Yue Tuo is born to Dai Shan originally with Li Jia, but Li Jia died early, Dai Shan loved the son born to the Fujin Yehenara clan and the Yehenara clan, the Shuo Tuo brothers were treated unfairly, perhaps unable to bear the abuse of their father, And Shuo Tuo came to a sudden disappearance.
When It was confirmed that Shuoto had no intention of defecting to the Ming army, Daishan did not spare it, and repeatedly requested that his son Shuoto be beheaded, but Nurhaci refused.
After investigation, it turned out that Daishan was partial to the son born to the Yehenara clan of Jifu Jin, and treated his sons Yuetuo and Shuotuo badly, nurhaci said: "You are also the son of your ex-wife, why don't you think that I am not closer to you?" How did you get fooled by your stepwife and abuse your grown son? Besides, I have always been a well-chosen people who have been specially selected to let you take charge, so why can't you give the excellent people to Yue Tuo and Shuo Tuo like me? ”
Nurhaci separated Daishan from his sons Yueto and Shuotuo, and publicly deposed Daishan as crown prince, and in order to show remorse, Daishan returned home and killed his wife (following the Fujin Yehenara clan), so That Daishancai still ranked first among the four baylors.
Finally, there was the Grand Concubine Incident in the year.
Nurhaci had a concubine named Deinze by his side, who denounced the ambiguous relationship between the Great Belle Daishan and the grand concubine Abahai (Nurhaci's fourth Great Fu Jin). For example, Abhay once personally cooked for Dai Shan to eat, dressed himself up in a fancy way, went with Dai Shan Mei, and went in and out of The Great Belle's mansion late at night.
After investigation, there was indeed such a thing, but the ugliness of the family could not be publicized, nurhaci abandoned Abahai on the charge of secretly hiding gold veils, and after this incident, Daishan's status in the heart of his father Nurhaci also plummeted, and Daishan was deposed as the crown prince, which also had a certain connection with this matter.
4. Meritorious service
In August of the eleventh year of the Mandate of Heaven, the Mandate of Heaven Khan Nurhaci died of illness, and subsequently, in the battle for the Khan's throne, Emperor Taiji won and became the new Later Jin Great Khan, changing to Yuan Tiancong.
In fact, at that time, there were only two people who had the strength to compete for the Khan's position, one was Dai Shan, and the other was Huang Taiji.
Daishan was the eldest of Nurhaci's many sons, with outstanding military merits, and received two red flags, the strongest strength, and several sons who could fight good battles, such as Yue Tuo, Shuo Tuo, sakhalian and so on. In addition, after Chu Ying was executed, his eldest son Du Du was heavily used by Nurhaci and became the lord of the white flag, and Du Du also always had only his uncle Dai Shan Ma shou Zhan, which shows that Dai Shan occupied the best time to inherit the Khan's throne.
However, what people did not expect was that at this critical moment, for some reason, DaiShan gave up the opportunity to ascend to the Khan's throne and gave up to Emperor Taiji.
The reasons may be as follows:
First, although Daishan has made outstanding achievements, he also has a lot of black history. For example, the abuse of his son, the killing of his wife, and the fornication with the grand concubine Abbahai, etc., all of which had a very bad impact on Theon's reputation, so that he was deposed by his father as the crown prince.
Second, there is differentiation within the Daishan Group. It is reasonable to say that at the critical moment, the son should support the father without hesitation. However, what is unexpected is that Yue Tuo and his younger brother Sakhalian actually persuaded his father Daishan to support Emperor Taiji's succession to the throne, and even his own son did not support himself, daishan of course lacked confidence, internal unity, and little chance of competing for the Khan's position.
Third, it is related to the age and personality of Daishan. At this time, Dai Shan is already a 44-year-old middle-aged and elderly person, about to enter the stage of old age, less than the passion of the young age to move forward, coupled with his own weak personality, not the best candidate for the Khan position, so he gave up the competition for the Khan position.
Subsequently, Daishan proposed to the Great Belle Amin, Mang Gultai, and Bele Abatai, Derg, Zilharang, Azig, Dolgun, Dordor, Dudu, Shuoto, Hauge, etc., that the Four Baylor Emperor Taiji succeed to the Khan's throne, and the new Great Khan was produced in the form of the Eight and ShuoBeile, that is, the Tiancong Khan Emperor Taiji.
5. One door and three irons
After Emperor Taiji succeeded to the throne, in order to highlight his exclusive status, consolidate imperial power, and constantly attack the other three major Baylors headed by Daishan, reusing young generals such as Dorgon, although he was suppressed, Daishan still persuaded Emperor Taiji to become emperor in 1635: "Daishan swears to heaven and earth, from now on, if you do not keep your loyalty and do your best, it is contrary to your deeds, or if you plot rebellion such as Mang Gultai and Dege, heaven and earth will condemn it, so that Daishan will not end well." ”
In April 1636, Emperor Taiji called the emperor Jianguo in Shengjing, changed his name to Yuan Chongde, and the name of the country was Daqing. Subsequently, Daishan was given the title of Prince of Heshuoli, and Yue Tuo, son of Daishan, was made the Prince of Heshuocheng.
Yue Tuo originally had the merit of supporting the Emperor Taiji, and was himself a military meritorious person, and it was beyond reproach to be named the Prince of Heshuocheng, but his personality was straight, and some practices caused the dissatisfaction of the Emperor Taiji. For example, Princess Hada Mangguji was suspected by Emperor Taiji, Mangguji's two daughters, one married Yue Tuo, one married Hauge, after Princess Hada was discredited, in order to show loyalty, Hauge did not hesitate to kill his wife, but Yue Tuo did not show any expression, and later, Yue Tuo was demoted to Baylor.
On the ninth day of the first month of the fourth year of Chongde, Yue Tuo died of smallpox in Jinan, and the emperor Taiji remembered his merits and posthumously honored him as the king of Keqin County. In the twenty-seventh year of Kangxi, he specially ordered Yue Tuo to carve a monument to commemorate the merits, and in the forty-third year of Qianlong, Yue Tuo was entitled to the Taimiao Temple, entered the Ancestral Hall of the Xianwang of Shengjing, and the hereditary throne of Keqin County, becoming one of the eight iron hat kings in the early Qing Dynasty.
Among the eight iron hat kings in the early Qing Dynasty, there was also a county king, that is, the king of Shuncheng County, Leke Dehun.
Lek Dehun was the grandson of Daishan, the second son of Saharan the Prince of Heshuo Yingyi, and his mother was Sakhalin Fujin Uranara (daughter of Belebu Zhantai). In the first year of the Shunzhi Dynasty, Lekdehun was deposed by his brother Adali, but was subsequently restored to the clan and crowned Dorobele.
Beginning in the second year of Shunzhi, Leke Dehun was awarded the title of Grand General of Pingnan, Pingding Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Huguang and other places, capturing He Tengjiao, a heavy minister of the Southern Ming Dynasty, and making great military achievements for the Qing court to enter the Central Plains, and was promoted to the title of King of Shuncheng County. However, this meritorious young warrior died young in the ninth year of Shunzhi at the age of 24, but the title of Leke Dehun became one of the eight iron hat kings in the early Qing Dynasty.
In this way, the eight iron hat kings of the early Qing Dynasty, Daishan the Prince of Lilie, Yue Tuo, the King of Keqin County, and the King daishan of Shuncheng County, had three exclusive members in one discipline, which could be called the most prominent clan of the Qing Dynasty.
Zichen said:
Dai Shan, the Prince of Heshuo Lilie, for decades wore a strong and sharp and fierce battlefield, and made great contributions to the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, at the same time, he also had two meritorious contributions, which also had an indelible impact on the political stability of the early years of the Qing Dynasty. Just such a famous and respected first prince of the Qing Dynasty, even Dolgun had to kneel when he saw it, and had to shout: Big Brother. As Kangxi said, Daishan can be described as "loyal to the crown at that time, meritorious to the future generations."
References: Draft History of the Qing Dynasty, Records of Manchuria, Records of Taizu