On December 5, 1896, Wu Xun, the most tragic beggar in Chinese history, died. In the late Qing Dynasty, the people of Cixi and Guangxu, down to Shandong, were very surprised, and they were also commended and statues were shaped. Wu Xun became famous thanks to Zhang Yao, the governor of Shandong (deceased in 1891), one of Zuo Zongtang's "three generals" (the other two being Liu Jintang and Wang Debang, the governor of Xinjiang).
After the story of martial arts was carried forward, not only in the late Qing Dynasty, but also in the Republic of China, it was also very respected. I am lonely, and in my mind, beggars must have existed since human beings were crippled and wealthy was uneven. For so many years, except for Zhu Yuanzhang, who was a beggar emperor, except for the legendary Hong Qigong and other fictional characters, no one in the real historical figures could compare with him.
The famous educator Tao Xingzhi greatly admired him and used him as an example to set up education. However, a film named after it, The Legend of Martial Arts, swept the country after its release in February 1951. However, 3 months later, because of the criticism of the Supreme Leader's words, the "Biography of Wuxun" and "Wuxun" were strongly criticized. In 1966, Red Guards smashed the bones from his tomb and scattered them. It wasn't until 2012 that the film "The Tale of Martial Arts" was re-released under the name "Research Only".
This beggar was moved by the world before he died, and earth by earth after death. What the hell did he do? Today we will talk about martial arts this person.
Wu Xun ( 武訓 ; 武庄 ; Because his family was poor and had no knowledge, his parents called him the seventh oldest and called him Wuqi. Wu Xun lost his father at the age of 7 and begged for a living. After the age of 14, he went out to work as a maid. Because he begged from an early age, he was not respected, not to mention, that is, the opportunity to be looked down upon was less, resulting in his rebellious personality characteristics. For this reason, others bullied him, and he generally did not dare to resist. After 3 years of work, his employer bullied him into not knowing anything and told him that his salary had been settled.
Wu Qi,000 sheep and rabbits again, this must not be tolerated, so he argued with his employer, and as a result, he was beaten by the employer and his thugs. Wu Xun could not afford to be sick, and did not eat for three days and three nights. He felt deeply illiterate and uneducated, and he always felt that his life was over. Over time, he had an idea in his mind.
In the Wu Village where Wu Qi's residence, there are many of the same ethnic group, and looking at the younger generations of the same clan, Wu Qi's feeling that they can no longer be like themselves. Lao Tzu's famous saying, "The old man and the old man, the young man and the young man", were born in the most ordinary and poor martial arts hearts. He wants to run a righteous school so that the poor children can go to school, and don't let his tragedy repeat itself on them. To this end, Wu Xun began a career of making money, saving money, buying land, hiring teachers, and recruiting students to run volunteer schools.
To this end, he struggled all his life, and although he eventually owned the property of a large landlord, he did not enjoy a day even the life of a middle peasant. His crazy behavior was ridiculed as "righteous learning disease", and the Qing government, after receiving a report from Zuo Zongtang'ai to Zhang Yao, the governor of Shandong, named him Yixuezheng and named him "Xun".
Martial arts begging is very characteristic, singing out one's purpose in popular songs, supplemented by various antics. In today's view, it is actually to use the form of self-abuse to make people giggle and win money. However, how do you make money for a destitute person who has only known from a young age to beg, kowtow to others, and endure scolding?
Therefore, this is not a reason for posterity to look down on him for this practice, and for the so-called feudal society to kowtow to the rich and powerful at every turn.
His ballads are simple, such as "I beg, I accumulate money, and I practice righteousness for the poor." "Eat miscellaneous things, be able to eat, save money to build a righteous college." For example, when people are doing hemp and winding threads, he will sing "Pick up the thread, wrap the thread egg, and focus on cultivating a righteous college; winding the thread egg, connecting the thread head, and repairing a righteous study without worrying." ”
It is said that his journey of begging for righteousness began in the seventh or eighth year of Xianfeng (1857 or 1858), when he was 19 or 20 years old.
The classic image is: holding a copper spoon, shoulder bag, bad clothes covering the body, singing while walking.
The scope of discussion is: Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu.
Begging forms: In addition to the traditional way, there are various forms of self-abuse and self-defamation to win people's sympathy or pleasure to reward money. For example, learning to climb scorpions, making horses for people, and even eating snakes and scorpions and swallowing bricks and tiles. Self-ugliness is such as learning some animal calls when working for others, such as when a donkey barks, singing "No need to go to gra, no set, no dry soil mat grinding road." ”
At the same time, he also picks up all kinds of rags to sell and gives others short-term jobs. In short, do anything, as long as you can make money, such as being a matchmaker, being a postman, etc. He saved money and ate some cold, moldy food scraps. He kept the money he saved in the homes of the rich, and the reason why there were no poor families, people with intelligence should be able to figure out the reasons. But for the rich, he was not at ease, inquiring and inquiring, I heard that the people of Poplar Mill were upright and had a good reputation.
In the seventh year of Tongzhi (1868), Wu Xun sold the 3 acres of land obtained by the family, plus the savings of begging over the years, a total of more than 210 hangings (about one hundred and twenty taels of silver), and handed them over to a powerful and rich Yang Juren. I can't read or have an economic brain. Hoping that he would help himself to make money, he sang: "I accumulate money, I buy fields, and cultivate a righteous study to be poor." ”
Because, from the point of view of merit, it is already relatively high in the village, and Zuo Zongtang is just a person. Seeing a beggar asking to see him, the little devils who had put the door rushed up to the sky one by one, and their mouths were skimmed to the eight houses. Wu Qiqi knelt in front of the door of the Juren family for two days, and finally received Yang Juren. When Wu Qiqi told him his plan, Yang Juren was very impressed, and not only promised to help him save money, but also paid for him.
After Wu Qiqi had money, he began to lend money to merchants at three cents of interest. Although the three-point profit is considered a usury, it is more common in the private sector. By the age of 49, he had bought 230 acres of land and saved more than 3,800 hangings (about two thousand taels of silver), which was definitely a large landlord from this point of view. However, his life was still abject poverty.
At this time, he decided to set up a righteous school, and Yang Juren wanted him to marry a daughter-in-law and have a son, and Wu Qiqi replied: "I don't marry a wife, I don't have children, I just want to cultivate a righteous study."
The following year, that is, in the fourteenth year of Guangxu (1888), Wu Qihua spent more than 4,000 hangings and built the first Yixue School outside the east gate of Liulin Town, named "Chongxian Yishu".
He knelt down in the house and asked them to teach, and begged the poor to go to school. More than 50 students are divided into Mongolian classes and economic classes, the tuition fees are all waived, and the school running expenses are paid from the rent of the field purchased.
On the first day of school, Wu Qiqi first visited the teacher and then the students. When entertaining the teacher at a banquet, in addition to inviting the local gentry to accompany him to eat and drink, he also had greater etiquette, he stood outside the door, prostrated his head and entered the dish, and after the gentry and the teacher finished eating, Wu Qiqi ate the leftovers cold.
After thirty years, Wu Xun finally fulfilled his ideal. WuQi has a characteristic in the process of running the school, that is, he uses begging to "force" gentlemen who are not good at teaching and poor students who are not good at studying. The teacher slept too much, he knelt on the ground and sang: "Sir sleep, the students are fooling around, I have come to kneel and beg, a hundred." To the students who are greedy and do not study seriously, they kneel down and cry and advise: "You don't need to work hard to read, and you can go home without face to see your father and brother."
After Inspector Zhang Yao heard about him, he received him and ordered him to be exempted from the levy of money and grain and military service, and donated another 200 taels of silver and gave the name WuQi as a martial training. At the same time, the Guangxu Emperor was asked to award a plaque with "Happy Charity and Good Charity". The extraordinary and miraculous deeds of martial arts sensationalized the government and the opposition. The Qing court gave him the title of "Righteous Scholar" and wore a yellow coat.
In the sixteenth year of Guangxu (1890), WuQi cooperated with the monastery and established a second yixue school in Yangerzhuang, Guantao County.
In the twenty-second year of Guangxu (1896), Wu Qiqi again relied on begging for savings and asked for the support of the Linqing officials and gentry to run a third righteous school in Yushi Lane.
Mr. Tao Xingzhi's "Ode to martial arts" praises him: "Toward the twilight of the dynasty, happy and happy." All your life into old age, running around. For the sake of the bitter child, the sweet is the camel. Beneficial with people, cows and horses also do. There are no backrests, and there are not many friends. Uneducated, overshadowed. Kneeling in public, the stone turned the rudder. Do not buy family property, do not marry a wife. For a big thing, revitalize learning, revitalize learning, and revitalize learning. ”。