The historical basis and actual development needs of yi unification

The historical basis and actual development needs of yi unification

Author: Shi Youfu

Abstract: The Yi script originated from painting divination, which was a unified system of writing symbols in the ancient Yi region, and the Yi script is a continuation of the ancient emblem script that has a relationship with the oracle bone. Due to historical changes and language differentiation, the use of the Yi script is not uniform, which is not conducive to the development and prosperity of the nation. It is necessary to realize the unification of the Yi language, seek common ground while reserving minor differences, combine the Sichuan standardized Yi language with the Yunnan standardized Yi language science, and implement the method of combining ideographic sounds, so that the Yi language can truly achieve unification.

Keywords: Yi unification; basis; development needs

The Yi people have their own traditional script, which has been called "爨字", "爨文" or "韪書" in The Han chinese historical books since the Ming and Qing dynasties. Yunnan Records of cuans began in the Ming Dynasty. The Book of Heavenly Revelation says: "There is the Yi Sutra, all of which are written in Chinese, and are like tadpoles." The spirit can know the heavens, the clouds and the sun. In the ancient Yi texts, they are collectively referred to as "Niposu". In modern times, it is also called "Nisu", "Xipo", "Bema", "White Horse", "Bumu", "Qi", "Luoluo", "Bimo" and so on. It is generally known as "Old Yi Wen".

First, the ancient Yi script is a unified writing system

(1) Yi originated from painting divination

Due to the different legends in various places, the creators of the Yi script have not yet found reliable records in the ancient Yi texts, and it is difficult to draw scientific conclusions. In the Yi region of northwestern Qian, the legend is that Yi was created by an old man named Ji Lu, who at the beginning carved out the images of six kinds of domestic animals and six kinds of wild beasts, and wrote down the year on the tree, and wrote the moon and day on the stone, and gradually became a symbol such as the twelve branches of the land, forming a unique script completely different from the Chinese language. According to legend, the Yi script in the Maile Yi district of Yunnan was created by Akefu Zi in ancient times. He wrote Yi with his left hand and Chinese with his right hand. Therefore, from its inception to the present, the Yi script has been from left to right, and the Chinese writing has been from right to left.

The Guizhou Yi document "Southwest Yi Zhi" records that the Yi script was created by Yi Awu. He is said to be "an incomparably intelligent figure who knows the geography of the heavens", who created writing and wrote many historical books in writing. In other chapters, it is also said that the creation of writing was Hengben Aru, who created the ancestors to worship, discovered the roots of heaven and earth, and created the hieroglyphs of the Yi people.

The Yi literature "Su Tuo Shi Tuo Ji Ji Ji" ("The Origin of Words") in Honghe County, Yunnan Province, records: In a very ancient time, there was a man named Ni Shi Rub, who was clever from a young age, and when he was young, he traveled through space and traveled all over the earth, and he planted two trees, "One is a golden tree, and the other is a silver tree... In the spring, the tree blossoms, 1,500 golden flowers, 1,500 silver flowers, and the multicolored shines. The honeysuckle blossoms, the nishi rejoiced, invited all the friends to come and admire the honeysuckle, the east, the west, the south, the south, and the middle, each shouted one person, plus himself, a total of six people... Walk to the flower tree and draw the flowers. Fifteen hundred golden flowers were painted into 1,500 words; 1,500 silver flowers were painted into 1,500 words, for a total of 3,000 words. Since then, there have been words." These six people are the Celestial Master Liu Bimo.

Mr. Luo Wenbi, the translator of the "Cui Wen Cong", said in the preface to the book "History of Mankind": "From the time of the ancestor of mankind, Xi Musha, to the world of dwarfs, there were thirty generations. There is no writing here, but it is only dictated, and it was passed on to the twenty-ninth generation of wu laos, thanks to the priests sent by the emperor to the priest Mia, who came to make sacrifices, create writings, establish canons, set up branches, and the culture began to open and the etiquette was prepared. ”

Han Wen Shi Zhi Jingtai "Yunnan Zhi · Qujing folklore · Malone State" also has a "爨字". Legend has it that this character was created by the ancestor of the Yi people, Ah Tian Ke, a descendant of the Chieftain. Dian Dynasty · The Miscellaneous Records and the Chronicle of Kaihua Province record: "In the Han Dynasty, there was a man from Malong Prefecture who was a native of Malone Prefecture, who wrote characters like tadpoles, which were formed in two years, and the letters were 1,800 white and forty odd, and the number was written by the ancestors." The Guizhou "Dading County Chronicle" volume 13 of the Fengtu Zhi also records: "An Guoxiang (a Ming Dynasty) translated yishu nine rules, containing A Tian Ke Tang Shi Na Shi Chieftain, Ju Yan Gu, written cuan characters, characters such as tadpoles, formed in three years, the letters 1,840, the number of the book, that is, the present Yi character." The text is turned upside down to the left, and there are also pictograms and meanings. ”

In December 1997, Yunnan Nationalities Publishing House published "Ancient History of Dian Yi · According to the "Text", a large tree grew above the heavenly Nigo, and two kinds of flower buds appeared, and the clear flower cloudy buds shone brightly after thousands of years, the clear flowers changed into paintings, and the cloudy buds became words, and began to be used by the witch Bu Yuyan for divination, Turin. Inspired by the witch Bu Yuyan to use flower counting and divination, Susa Zhenyu created pictorial texts to represent a definite meaning. Later, the male clan Xu Shuo used a gourd as a model and drew pictures on it, creating a picture text. The books that record this mythical historical fact are called "Ni Cheng Su" and "The Origin of Writing." This record is not only consistent with the Yi concept of clear yin and yang, but also explains the reason why the Yi language resembles the shape of a tadpole: the female clan invents the script, and the male clan perfects the script.

According to legend, the production of yi is also like some of the oldest texts in the world, and the initial production process began with pictures. As the saying goes, "calligraphy and painting have the same origin", from the perspective of text generation, it should be "the same origin of calligraphy and painting". Writing like a picture was one thing in ancient times, and it was only later that the division of labor gradually developed. In ancient times, a symbolic system of writing could not be created by a single person, but should be created by working people many symbols, and then collected and sorted by wizards to gradually form a system. Xun Zi said it well: "Good books are all there! And Cangjie's solo successor Yiye" (荀子 · The origin of the Yi script, like other scripts, cannot be created by one or two people at the same time, but the masses of the people have developed from scratch and from less to more in the course of mutual exchanges in production practice, in order to adapt to the development of society and according to the needs of application, gradually nurturing selection and refinement, and developing conventions. It is the crystallization of the collective wisdom of the broad masses of the people. However, it cannot be denied that individuals have played an active role in the historical process of the development of the Yi language. In different historical periods, different regions, and different historical figures, it is possible to process and sort out the Yi script. If the creators of the Yi script in the above legends and records really have their own deeds, they are only doing some standardized work on the Yi language. For example, Ah TianKe of the Han Dynasty probably felt that the Yi script at that time was very imperfect, so he rose up in excitement, "abandoned the official" and "lived in seclusion in the valley", and wrote the shuzu "Yun Shu", that is, "standard Yi" and "standard Yi shu".

At the time of the emergence of Yi, there are theories of the origin of the Han Dynasty, the origin of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and some believe that the Yi language and the Han language are of the same origin, and the origin is earlier. The Han and Tang dynasties are mainly based on the sayings in the Han Dynasty Chronicles of the Dian Dynasty, the Book of later Han, and the Chronicle of the State of Huayang. Yi classic "Shuowen · In the Treatise on Governing the Country (Luo Wen Translation), it is said that during the reign of Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty, Shizi Horokji and the left sage Yi Pei Andi Zhongyi and the Right Sage Chenshi were discussing the principles of governing the country and the state, and yi Pei's loyal righteousness replied, "In the past, When ming Adi was in the past, he also discussed the rule of the country and the state." According to the Yi document "Imperial Century · According to the "History of Mankind", mankind has experienced more than one hundred and twenty generations, and the creation of literary characters is the twenty-ninth generation period. The above-mentioned records of the yi ancient texts are more consistent with the records of the Han Dynasty History records that Ah Tian Ke wrote the YiJing in the Han Dynasty. The Southern Dialect Yi classic "Fengshou Yannian Chapter" records that because human animals will not die, humans use live monkey sacrifices to mourn and dance, kill cattle and sheep, and fresh blood flows into rivers. The animals went to heaven to complain, and the gods sent emissaries to examine the facts, and instructed the gods of death, disease, and plague to scatter the seeds of death and disease. All animals are basically dead. Later, humans and animals went to heaven to sue, and the gods had no way to tell the three human beings to live for 100 years, with an average age of 33.3333333. According to the three people who lived for 100 years, during the Han Dynasty, the average life expectancy of Chinese was about 33 years old. Therefore, the Yi scriptures were used during the Han Dynasty.

(2) Yi has similarities with oracle bones

Since ancient times, China is a unified multi-ethnic country composed of multiple ethnic groups with the Han nationality as the main body, and Chinese characters have always been the unified script used throughout the country and have a long history. Guo Moruo believes: "The so-called 'Six Books' of later generations, the six principles that constitute writing seen in the structure of the text, namely the so-called referential things, pictograms, huiyi, shape sounds, false loans, and transfer notes, can be found in many examples in the oracle bones. The grammar is also the same as that of later generations. Therefore, when the Chinese script reached the age of oracle bones, there is no doubt that it has undergone three thousand years of development. And it is clearly pointed out that the carved symbols on the Neolithic pottery excavated from Banpo in Xi'an "can be said to be the origin of Chinese characters or the relics of the original Chinese script." (The Age of Slavery · Dialectical Development of Ancient Writings") These symbols are also considered to be a kind of symbol used by people to remember things at that time. But, until now, the meaning of this portrayal has not been clarified. From the perspective of the shape, sound, and meaning of Chinese characters, no one can interpret or clarify their meaning.

After comparing the oracle bone, bronze inscription, and Jianshu inscriptions corresponding to more than a thousand Chinese characters in Yi, we synthesize the following three situations: first, Yi and oracle bone have the same shape and meaning, a total of twenty-five characters; second, Yi is the abbreviated form of oracle bone, with thirty-five characters; third, Yi and oracle bone characters are identical in shape and meaning, a total of 150 characters (see "Honghe Prefecture Ethnic Language Ancient Books Research", No. 6). Thousands of years of ancient Chinese writing and today's Yi script, the time is long, the space is far apart, and there are so many similarities, which is rare in the history of writing.

The Ming and Qing chronicles often refer to Yi as "tadpole-like tadpoles". The name tadpole used in the book genre began in the Han Dynasty. The Spring and Autumn Justice quotes the Biography of Wang Yinjin Shu Shu Shu Shu: "Tadpole Writer, Zhou Shi Gu Wen Ye." Its head is thick and thin, resembling a tadpole insect, so it is commonly known as Yan. It can be seen that since the Ming and Qing dynasties, Han scholars have had a profound view of Yi. On Balance · The Restoration of the Kingdom records: "Bashu, Yuejiao... Zhou Shi was haired with a bun, now wears a leather bun, Zhou Shi retranslates, and now a book of poetry. This coincides with archaeology, and is no different from the Yi book "Southwest Yi Zhi" that enshrines the wu lao's funeral and the establishment of the canon in the zhou li king.

Judging from the results of archaeology, documentary records, and text comparisons, the single-body, one-line Yi script is related to the emblem script composed of a single character that appeared in the Shang Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty. This kind of emblem script is one of the more popular writing systems in the era of slavery in China, and with historical changes and social development, only more than 500 characters have been preserved in the ancient hanshu script, while the original appearance has been preserved in more detail in the Yi script, and has been improved and developed.

Since Qin Shi Huang annexed the unification of the six kingdoms of the world, in the Central Plains, the oracle bone script has developed in the direction of ideography. After Han Xushen invented the "Six Books", Chinese characters became more systematic, and many characters were created based on the Six Books. For example, in the Shuowen, chinese characters are only a few thousand words, so that the Tang and Song dynasties had homophonic substitutions of "tongnaku characters" in the writing. After continuous development and creation, there are 60,000 Chinese characters. The Yi people are located in a corner of the southwest, and after the Qin unified the script, the emblem script gradually evolved into a syllabic script system. Later, the Han Dynasty built ships, and the Dian culture tended to the interior, and the writing gradually transitioned from the "lidian chapter" within the rulers to the folk Bimo. The White Wolf King Tang Cong's poem "MuHua Guiyi" in three chapters illustrates this problem.

It can be said that the same writing system is used and developed differently in different ethnic groups and different social environments. Its system has also changed with the development of the text, and different phenomena have emerged, and it is even intuitively difficult to see the internal relationship of origin. Both Yi and ancient Chinese are the oldest scripts native to the East and have obvious historical ties to Chinese characters in genesis. It is a word that combines monosyllabic ideographic sounds, and its word creation method is similar to the word creation method of the Chinese "Six Books", which has the meaning of the "main pen" (that is, the head of the part), and has the common features of flat, up, going, and entering four sounds. Therefore, Yi and Han are homologous.

(3) The ancient Yi script is a unified writing system

Yi has few strokes, averaging only five strokes per word. The basic strokes are a little, horizontal, vertical, semicircle, circle, horizontal fold, vertical fold, etc. Judging from the shape of Yi, it can be summarized as follows: "The circle is not round, the square is not square, and it is difficult to divide the family by the side; the thickness is not thick, the fine is not fine, and the turns and bends are self-contained." There are many Yi characters in single characters and few characters in combination. Although a small number can be dissected into an upper and lower structure, a left and right structure, and an upper and lower structure, the number of such compound words is not large. Extended characters, false loan characters and overlapping characters are more commonly used in Yi, so the use rate of homophones of Yi single characters is relatively high, and words can only reflect their meaning in a certain sentence environment. In addition, due to linguistic differentiation, the Yi script used by the dialects of each branch is the same on the whole, but the meanings expressed are different. The basic strokes are composed of points, horizontals, verticals, hooks, etc. of the yang body and semicircles, circles and arcs of the yin body. These basic strokes form the tadpole shape of the thick and thin tail of the Yi text.

The production of writing is the result of labor creation, and its emergence and evolution process is: primitive physical note carved wood knot rope note picture text hieroglyphic ideograph ideograph epigraphic text. Pictorial script is the original type of writing, originating in clan times. It uses graphics to reflect the content of ideas that people need to express, but it does not have the function of expressing language. Hieroglyphs have great symbolic forming points, and their characteristics are seeing the shape and knowing the meaning. Ideographs are characterized by the fact that the ideograms follow each other and already have the properties of complete words. There are two types of phonetic scripts: phonemes Phonetic scripts and syllable phonetic scripts. Phoneme phonetic writing is achieved through the combination of letters; syllabic phonetic script is a single character instead of a syllable, and its meaning can only be reflected in the word construction and grammatical form.

In the process of evolution and development, Yi has gone through the stage of pictorial text, from complex to simple. In the specific application, according to the phonetic form of the Yi language and the law of lexical method, it has the characteristics of extension. The emergence of a large number of extended meanings has formed a difference in the role of yi as a root or morpheme in words. The basic words of the Yi language, except for verbs, are mostly composed of preambles or suffixes. For example, the word "fire" is a syllable in Chinese, and the Yi language is "hot + burning", two syllables, which are combined with verbs and adjectives; the word "tree" is a syllable in Chinese, while the Yi language is "chai + tree", the noun plus quantifier, two syllables. Due to historical reasons, Yi has gone through a tortuous and long road of development among the Yi people. This phenomenon is that the Yi people of each region and branch proceed from their own spoken characteristics and borrow sounds (false loans) according to the ancient Yi extension method. False borrowing is the germ of syllable characters, and its large number of appearances further weakens the original meaning of the Yi characters, and its meaning can only be understood in the writing. The Yi script pretends to have the characteristics of syllable characters, but it cannot be concluded that it is a syllabic script. In the current Yi dynasty, there are more homophones.

From the perspective of Yi orthography, pictograms and ideographic characters belong to the category of ideographs; ideographic characters belong to ideographic characters. The words created by adding points, special directions, and deformations have both phonetic and ideographic meanings; most of the sound variants are phonetic characters. In terms of the structural form of words, Yi can analyze ideograms and musical notes. Sometimes the meaning and the note are reflected in a body structure at the same time. In the Yi system, the characteristics of using symbols as means to create characters are mostly reflected in pictograms, symbolisms, and simple deformations; the characteristics of creating words by means of musical notes are mainly reflected in sound variations and through turning forms. The structural form of the Yi script is composed of yang points, horizontal, vertical, hook, lift, fold and yin body circles, arcs, and semicircles. Thus, yi is a ideographic syllable script with a yin-yang structural form that is homologous to the oracle bone, and in ancient Yi society, it was a unified symbol system, and was mastered by some privileged class Bimo.

Second, the modern Yi language must be unified

(1) The meaning of modern Yi

The modern Yi script is absorbed and classified from the ancient Yi script, and the relationship with the ancient Yi script in the Bimo Sutra is the relationship between absorption and innovation. Due to the different dialects and different administrative regions, all localities have synthesized a set of modern Yi scripts according to the local traditional scripts and dialects, and some local conditions are good, there are many scholars, leaders support, and financial guarantees, which have formed norms, and even been approved and approved.

Judging from the fact that Yi is used in meeting signs, book titles, and door numbers, modern Yi is in chronological order: Yi in Shilin Yi Autonomous County, which is used in the dialect of the Sani people in the southeast; Yunnan standardizes Yi and uses it in all dialects of the Yi nationality in Yunnan; so far, because management and scientific perfection cannot keep up, most of this set of Yi scripts has a little market in places where there is no old script; the Yi dialect of eastern Guizhou, based on Dafang, Bijie, and Hezhang, is used in the eastern dialect area; and the Chuxiong Yi script is used in the territory of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture Sichuan standardizes Yi. There are only 5 of these things that can be said on the table. In the Yi areas of Honghe Prefecture, the Yunnan standard Yi language is used in public, and in most cases the old Yi language is used. Among the above 5 languages, only 819 Yi characters of the Sichuan Yi ethnic group have been approved by the State Council and have the legal promotion and use qualifications.

Yunnan standard Yiwen is approved by the Yunnan Provincial Government and has the qualification for probation. Chuxiong Yiwen only has the right to be tried in Chuxiong territory, and everything else belongs to the category of free use. Of course, since the 1980s, some people have also designed dialect pinyin characters, such as western dialect pinyin characters, Axi pinyin characters, etc., which have not formed a climate. The main reason is that the Yi people have old scripts.

(2) The disunity of the Yi script is related to the oppression of the ruling class

Although writing is a cultural record symbol and a symbol of cultural inheritance, once the writing is combined with the characteristics of national culture, the nationality of the writing itself appears prominent, and the nationality of the writing makes the fate of the writing closely linked to the fate of the nation. Judging from the Yi literature itself, the old Yi texts of Dian, Sichuan, and Qian are the same, and the older the literature, the more the writing style and content are the same.

Since the Qin and Han dynasties, due to the policy of "indoctrination" of the Yi people by successive rulers, the spread of the Yi language has been more difficult within the Yi people. Book of the Later Han Dynasty · The Biography of The Southwest Yi Lie" says: "Su Zongyuan and Zhong, the king of Shu County, was posthumously honored as Taishou, and the indoctrination was particularly different... Siheung School, gradually changing its customs. "During the Yuan and Ming dynasties, there were already government-run schools of a certain scale in Yi District, teaching poetry and books. Yuan Shi · Zhang Lidao's biography says: "First of all, Confucius was unknown in Yunnan, and Yi Shao was the first teacher. Li Dao first built a Confucius Temple, set up a school building, and persuaded the children of the people to learn. ”

The ruling class attaches great importance to the question of indoctrination. Wang Fuzhi said in the "Reading Through the Commentary": "The land of the clouds of Yunnan, the choice of merit in the articles of the Science of Science and Righteousness, looking at each other shoulders, the heavens bless, and the Han Zhaozhi is also." "Many people in the ruling class regard the Yi as a special kind of alien race, and use coercive means to interfere with the customs and language of the Yi people. Book of the Later Han Dynasty · The Biography of The Southwest Yilie records: "In Yongping Zhong, Yizhou stabbed Zhu Fu of Liang Guo, a good meritorious name, and generous and generous. A few years old in the state, proclaiming Hande, Wei Huai Yuanyi. ...... Supplemented by the book 'Far Yi's words, it is difficult to correct the urgency. Alien species of plants and trees, birds and beasts. ...... The courtiers ordered them to inform them of their customs and translate their words. The method practiced by the Wang clan is more of a way for the Yi people in the southwest to attach the chinese script.

Gong Zizhi, a famous thinker of the Qing Dynasty, said: "To destroy a country that destroys people, we must first go to its history; the Fang of the People and the Gangji of the Defeated Must First Go to Its History; the Material of the Absolute People, the Teachings of the Annihilation People, must first go to its history; the ancestors of the Yi People must first go to its history; "For various reasons, the Yi language has not been popularized and popularized like Chinese characters in the dialects of the various branches of the Yi nationality. There are more than ten Branches of the Yi people in Honghe Prefecture, and only the Nisu, Azhe, Sani, and Siqi tribes use the Yi language. The Yishu of the two branches of Axi and Awu, who lived in Maitreya Xishan and Dongshan, were forced to be discontinued as early as before the Ming Dynasty, but now Awupo still preserves divination tools carved in Yi on the bones of cattle, and the area where Ashupo lives still retains the Yi moya and Bimo customs.

(3) The differentiation of the Yi dialect and the local language has accelerated the disunity of the Yi language

Judging from the surviving Yi literature, the older the age, the more identical, from the writing style to the content of the scriptures. This shows that the Yi script is a unified symbol system, and due to historical development, in addition to being oppressed and disintegrated by the ruling class, the change and differentiation of the language of the nationality is also the main reason for the non-unification of the Yi language. From dialect to local language, and native language to sub-native language, Bi Mo, the communicator of Yi language, can only inherit and use it according to the actual situation of the language, and in the absence of political guarantees, the self-awareness of the conscious communicator determines the authenticity and scientific nature of the content of the transmission.

Therefore, since The Yuan Dynasty Kublai Khan crossed the Ge Nang, crossed the Jinsha River, occupied the Yi areas, and Pingzhang Zhengshi Sai Dianchi regarded Yunnan as a central province, called Yunnan Xingzhongshu Province, to the Ming Dynasty to set up toast in the Yi areas, the rights of the toast were restricted under the restriction of the central imperial dynasty, horizontal exchanges were restricted, in order to safeguard their own interests, the central government in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties implemented a large number of "and Yi zhiyi", requisitioning toastmasters to suppress toast, the Yi people's toast leaders were more concerned about their own interests. Actively participated in the feudal ruling class's suppression of its own national toast. This has led to the fact that in addition to language differentiation, the feelings within the nationalities have become more diluted, and there has been hostility between regions and regions, and there has been a phenomenon in a small number of places, and I do not recognize that you are Yi and you do not recognize that I am Yi. Wuding Fengshi Toast, Guizhou Anshi Toast, Honghe Nalou Toast, their own organization of Bimo study examinations, Yi writing style difference is this reason. During the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, the soldiers were in chaos, the wind and rain were shaky, the toast was basically changed, and the rest had no intention of organizing, and the dialect of the local language Bimo himself consciously passed on, and the differentiation of the use of Yi became more and more increasing. So far, the ancient Yi script can continue to circulate in the folk, mainly folk beliefs and ancestor worship in play, the old Yi language is mostly used in sacrifice, history, inscription, writing spiritual platform, continuing family trees, opening the financial door and other folk activities.

Judging from the current situation, the old Yi script has a national cultural background as a market for dissemination and use. However, due to the impact of urban civilization on rural culture, the commercial market culture has broken the Yi mountain village of the single cultural matrix. The level of science and technology has been continuously improved, and the old Yi has no one to organize rescue and development, and in addition to the integration of national culture with international standards, the loss of Yi literature has been serious. The scope of use of the old Yi script will gradually shrink, the use time will be gradually shortened, and it will become an archaeological object that no one can interpret, and it will become an eternally regrettable archaeological object.

Iii. Steps and Methods of Modern Yi Unification

(1) The unification of writing is a scientific choice for the development and prosperity of a nation

In China's history, a nation that has had a unified word has basically unified its thinking and has become a nation that has been in the ascendant. Hui, Qidan, Tibetan, Manchu, Mongolian, and so on all had a unified script, and it was only when the nation developed and matured. Writing is the symbol of language, the carrier of national culture and national thought, and writing can transcend time and space, become a bridge and link for the exchange and unification of national ideas, and is the most basic element in building a cultural nation. If the writing is not unified, it is difficult to exchange culture, inherit traditions, and unify ideas, and it is impossible to establish the national spirit, let alone the construction of a cultural national image.

In contemporary times, the development and prosperity of a nation does not necessarily use its own language, and a nation that has disappeared its own language and writing is still developing and prospering. Jews in Israel use English, Indians use English, and many independent African countries after World War II use English and continue to develop. We must be clear about the historical fact that these countries, nationalities or regions were liberated from centuries of colonial culture. China is a unified multi-ethnic country, and although historically, although the Yi people have been exploited by the ruling class and oppressed by the great ethnic groups, and the Chinese culture with Confucianism as the mainstay emphasizes indoctrination, indoctrination, and gradual weakening and melting, the Yi people have not been ruled by colonial culture in the big family of the Chinese nation, in the strict sense. Therefore, the reason why the Yi scriptures are preserved so completely, the scriptures are used so extensively, and the basic words of the six major dialects can still be shared is that this truth also gives us a good historical and cultural advantage in standardizing today's writing.

(2) Maintain legal status and take into account both aspects

To unify the Yi language, we must first have a scientific materialist view of history, science means facing reality, and scientific outlook means stressing facts and seeking truth. National feelings are only the premise of loving national culture, not a scientific attitude, and leading the nation to development and prosperity is the correct choice to be responsible for the nation.

The unification of a national script is a complex systematic project, and it must have the emotional foundation of the national history and culture and the mass foundation for the use of the national script. In selecting the script as the basic unified character within the nationalities, it is also necessary to consider the maturity of the reform and standardized use of the national script, the status and management mechanism of the national script, the organic combination of the national script and the modern media mechanism, the social effects of the national script, and the degree of its reputation at home and abroad.

Through nearly 30 years of practice and popularization and application, Sichuan has standardized 819 characters of Yi, and its status as the basic script of Yi unification cannot be shaken. Because he has been approved by the State Council to promote the text, his political status has been resolved, his legal status has been increasingly consolidated, and his use in the northern dialect areas has become increasingly perfect, and he has been used for mobile phone text messages. This is the problem that we must jointly maintain, and if we support and maintain it well, the status of Yi wen can be guaranteed. It is not okay to blow each tune.

However, we also have to face the reality that the 819 scripts are based on the northern dialect, and as syllabic scripts, it is difficult to play a role in the syllable language. This is the problem of the perfection of the written word, which is perfected in the course of continuous reform, and in the course of continuous improvement, it suits the reality of the language and conforms to the reality of the language, and only when the masses accept it can the social benefits be reflected and the national nature of the written word be truly realized. Therefore, in order to maintain the status of the Yi script, it is also necessary to maintain the status of the written language, and at the same time, from the perspective of perfection and serving the public, we must take care of both points and aspects, and the point is that Sichuan standardizes the Yi language, and other dialect areas must be considered on the surface. Judging from the current situation, the Sichuan standard script is used as the basic script, and the Yunnan standard script supplements and improves the characters, and it is not enough to make up for it with the characters of Guizhou and Chuxiong. One as a phonetic character and one as a ideographic character also conforms to the use of the old Yi script.

(3) Specific methods and steps for the unification of the Yi language

The principle of the unification of the Yi language is to adhere to the scientific outlook on development of seeking truth from facts, and the method is to "seek the sameness and save small differences," so that the Yi script can be "read through and understood" by the majority of the people within the nation, and that "books and texts are in the same language." The specific method steps are:

First, unify thinking and determine the symbolic functions and meanings of phonetic and ideographic words.

The 819 characters of the Sichuan Yi script approved by the State Council as a syllable script have the function of representing the pure syllables of the Yi language, such as the prefix "A" and some conjunctions, quantifiers, and end-of-word syllables; second, foreign loan words in the Yi language, and this aspect includes a wide range.

Yunnan standardizes yi 2500 characters, as ideographic characters, its function, one is to represent the Yi language has a real meaning of the root, such as "mountain, water, tree, wood, stone, grass, people, father, mother", etc., the second is to represent the number of words, direction, space, adjectives and other words.

The combination of the two sets of characters solves the limitation of Sichuan syllabic character symbols that are difficult to use in the whole nation in terms of phonetic characters; at the same time, it also solves the problem of mixing ideographs and epithets in writing forms. The scientific combination of these two sets of characters, we can say that it is a combination of hermaphroditism, stem and branch interaction, yin and yang combination, in line with the philosophical concept of the Yi people, Sichuan 819 syllable characters as male, dry, yang, changeable, borrowed syllables with a wide range of words; Yunnan 2500 ideographic characters as female, branch, yin, fixed word meaning, see the meaning of the word, cross dialect area can be universal.

There is a problem of solving the problem of ideological unity, and the comrades in the northern dialect may think that the number of words has increased, and the burden has increased. Don't worry, now, the Yi language disappears quite quickly, 2500 ideographs, most of the time in the literary language is reflected, including folk story literature, modern science and technology things are 819 characters of high frequency of use, the use of reference books gradually towards unification. Comrades in other dialects may think that the Sichuan standard script is vertical writing, uncoordinated and unsightly, and that the Japanese combine Chinese characters with katakana, and there is no uncoordinated one, and if it is used for a long time, it will naturally become accustomed to it, which is a matter of psychological effect.

Second, select the basic phonetic points and compile and publish reference books.

The basic phonetic point is the use of what dialect as a large reference book of Yi character phonetics, the use of northern dialects as the phonetic symbols of the Yi script, there is no doubt, other dialect areas have no conditions to compete, because the 819 table syllabic characters are based on the northern dialect as the basis, and only the conditions for the northern dialect are ripe. In other dialect areas, after the reference book is published, a book of tools for the popular use of dialects is compiled, and through training and publications, it will gradually move toward unification.

Now, this problem has been solved very well, and the Honghe Prefecture Institute of Nationalities and the Yunnan University for Nationalities have jointly developed the Yunnan standard Yi script and Sichuan 819 characters in the way of "splitting the shape and code and combining the numbers."

Third, strengthen the organization, coordinate with multiple parties, and steadily advance.

The Yi people have a wide range of distribution and large language differences, and to achieve the unification of the Yi language, it is only an ideological and technical problem that can be easily solved. Promote the use and improve it in use, which involves scientific management and reasonable regulation. Except for Sichuan, the Yi script has no status in other places, and school enrollment, civil service examinations, and so on, are specific issues. Therefore, it is necessary to make full use of the advantages of the new social organization and form a recognition among the vast number of Yi people before the writing will play a role. At the same time, according to the plan for improving the text and according to the regulations on the management of the text, Sichuan will report it to the State Nationalities Commission step by step and be recognized. Only words have political status. The political status of the text has been solved, and the autonomous prefectures and counties will be easier to handle.