Portrait of Zhu Yuanzhang
Self-taught
The most adept at studying hard among the emperors of the Ming dynasty is Zhu Yuanzhang, suffering is his first lesson, in the bumps and downs of life, he not only gained the entire Ming Dynasty through hard work, but also his own soft power, but also through hard work, in the cultural echelon of the Ming Dynasty, let him be far ahead.
After Zhu Yuanzhang raised an army, at the suggestion of Li Shanchang and other intellectuals, he asked him to learn more and imitate Liu Bang, and "Ming Zu acted more like Han Gao." "Zhao Yi Twenty-two Historical Notes" But the most different thing about Zhu Yuanzhang and Liu Bang is that Liu Bang did not like intellectuals, and even peed on confucian hats to show insults, but Zhu Yuanzhang mixed with them for reasons, and constantly improved his cultural level. Liu Ji described: "Emperor Qinwei ... The time of ten thousand opportunities, as an article, is written immediately, and it is not majestic and magnificent, and the words are elegant and far-reaching. ”
"When Wu Wangwei was young, he didn't know the book. After the army was raised, the Japanese pro-Confucians and wandered through the divine understanding. Zhu Yuanzhang also asked Confucians to write down the successful and failed experiences of the ancients in doing things between the walls of the palace hall for him to "examine at any time."
Zhu Yuanzhang and intellectuals
Zhu Yuanzhang said proudly of his learning results: "I am a savage, and I have not tried to teach from a teacher. Isn't it heavenly to read a book and be relieved and self-satisfied? "Scissors Win Wild News"
In the fifteenth year of Hongwu(1382), when compiling the old collection of Guozijian, he said affectionately to the attendants next to him: "Every time you look at the book, you feel that it is beneficial. He was also studious, close to Confucianism, and books were often carried with him. And summed up the method of reading: "Probably reading books to seek the truth, slowly understanding between the ordinary affairs of daily use, and not acting too wrong and absurd, this is probably the reason why books are useful." Records of Ming Taizu"
In the early years of fighting with Chen Youyu for the world, Zhu Yuanzhang read the most books of soldiers, and did not read the books of death, often making use of the knowledge in the books of soldiers. He once said: "Because the enemy is victorious, will I be stuck in the ancient world, I have watched the battle on the front line, and every time the situation changes rapidly, where is the time to come up at any time according to the art of war?" ”
Not only did he study the art of war, but also studied astronomical astrology, Zhu Yuanzhang really made a lot of hard work, he said: "Since the beginning of the army, people who are good at deducing astronomy have looked up at the celestial signs for twenty years for three years" "Ming Taizu Shilu Volume 111"
On the occasion of the decisive battle with Chen Youyi, Liu Ji once said to the soldiers in order to boost morale: "Yesterday, looking at the celestial phenomenon, Venus is in front and Mars is behind, which is a sign of victory for this division." Zhu Yuanzhang also said: "I also watch the heavens at night, just as Er said." After becoming emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang was more concerned about the changes in the heavens, he said: "Since he took the throne, he has often encouraged himself with diligence. Before dawn, he went up to the court and returned to the harem in the middle of the night. If you can't lie down at night, get up in your clothes, or look up at the sky, and see a star missing, you have a lot of furniture, you must get up immediately and write down a record. ”
The Battle of Jiujiang showed Chen Youyi
In addition, Zhu Yuanzhang also liked to study the history of the scriptures, Xu Zhenqing once said: "Taizu likes to read the history of the scriptures in the army", and highly respects the "Analects": I have nothing to do in the palace, I take Confucius's "Analects" to look at it, and Confucius's words are sincere to the world. ”
Reading has become Zhu Yuanzhang's greatest pleasure, "not to be good at sound and color, and to be entertained." The Guoyu records: "On ... Extravagant, desperate to travel, but smelly, strike the food, and have nothing good. "With the literati bachelor to play poetry lectures, and then continue to read at night, the Ming generation, from beginning to end, the most adept at learning the emperor, only Zhu Yuanzhang alone, is to rely on self-study and diligence, so that Zhu Yuanzhang became a scholar.
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Compared with ordinary intellectuals, his influence was very limited, and Zhu Yuanzhang's learning was able to influence the entire country, leading the pragmatic and efficient style of the Ming Dynasty.
Although he is rich in culture, his style is very pragmatic and grounded. Especially in the wording of the Holy Will in handling foreign relations, it never engages in red tape, and the Sacred Will reveals mighty domineering spirit between the acts. The words he wrote in the "Edict of Xifanhan Dongbili and Others" are quite wonderful and vivid: "The emperor who was transported by Fengtian, taught and every local official (who) knew what should be on the ground of Xifan, and took all the strong and evil people. ”
Zhu Yuanzhang's holy will
Zhu Yuanzhang even used the wrath of the Son of Heaven to lay down millions of corpses and bleed thousands of miles of intimidation to Xifan: "Now I will send people to open up the words of Xifan and every (we) know: If you send the messenger of Hena to the future, you will not requisition land; if you do not send people, you will send them to him, and you will go there with people and horses." "Zhu Yuanzhang just told him that if you obey, you will not requisition land, and if you do not obey, I will send someone to clean you up now."
In dealing with foreign forces, Zhu Yuanzhang was never ambiguous, often oral transmission of holy wills, immediately issued, he said what he wrote, absolutely not allowed to write modifications.
In an archipelago, there were Wokou invaders, and local officials asked for instructions on how to deal with them. Zhu Yuanzhang issued a holy decree and said: "Emperor Fengtian, Zhaoyue, tell the people to prepare knives, these guys are coming, kill them and then say." Thanks. ”
The domineering spirit of this kind of "He Man Shu" often reflects Zhu Yuanzhang's super self-confidence in personal culture and the strong demeanor of the country.
The handling of government affairs by the Inner Sacred Will is also concise and concise: "It is said that the household officials know that if the balance is over today, it is not clear to the point." ”
The holy will for the fellow villagers is even more cordial and gentle, a school of hometown language, because the timely invitation to Fengyang for the villagers to come to the palace as a guest, heard that some of the fellow villagers are sick, Zhu Yuanzhang is very anxious, issued a touching holy will: "Fengyang relatives and neighbors twenty families, the old people have a long way, the rivers rain and snow are inconvenient, there is no need to come in the future." Teach him that when the season comes, he will buy good incense and burn it, offer heaven and earth, teach his children and grandchildren to study, take a break from school money, and obey the village drinking ceremony. East Lu Mountain, West Lu Mountain, Ma On Shan, Banzai Mountain, all with him, teach his children and grandchildren to go in and out of Kurama, walk eagles and dogs, hunt and fight, bows and arrows I can't help them. "Fengyang New Book"
In the creation of poetry, in addition to a few more famous poems, Zhu Yuanzhang also has a very famous poem: "I don't send it when I send a hundred flowers, and if I send a hundred flowers, I kill a hundred flowers." To fight a battle with the west wind, wear gold armor all over. Although he was born out of Huang Chao's "No First Fu Ju", Zhu Yuanzhang resolutely did not follow the tragic style of Huang Chao, and the whole poem was high-spirited, arrogant, and a strong man.
Kangxi spoke highly of Zhu Yuanzhang
In addition, Zhu Yuanzhang's evaluation of historical meritorious figures is also quite lofty. Once asked Zhan Tong: Shi Le and Jian Jian who are the advantages and disadvantages. Because Shi Le and Zhu Yuanzhang were from humble origins. Zhan Tong replied, "Shi Le did not study, but he could expect the enemy to win, and Jian Jian was poor in his army and fought in a battle of fat water, and as a prisoner, he was still Shi Le. Zhu Yuanzhang did not agree with his point of view, saying: "No, Shi Le was able to succeed because he caught up with the chaos of the Jin Chamber, and it was very easy to succeed. In the battle, Shi Jian is not as good as Shi Le, but in terms of temperament and strategy, Shi Le is not as good as Shi Jian. Shi Le is more than smart, less decisive, less intelligent and sensitive, and more than generous, and the courage of the two men and the benevolence of the woman. Zhu Yuanzhang's evaluation of historical figures can be described as a three-point insight into the wood.
Decades of extraordinary experience and talent have allowed Zhu Yuanzhang to once be far ahead of the intellectuals of the Ming Dynasty, and at the same time left history with a different vivid multi-faceted color of a commoner emperor.