Recently, the suspenseful costume drama "Wind Rises Luoyang" finally ushered in the finale this week, as a drama with a semi-overhead historical background, it unfolds for us a prosperous style of the ancient capital of Luoyang, the Tang Dynasty city, and the historical picture.
The old saying has clouds: knowing its nature also knows why it is so, after a month of chasing the drama, patronizing Erlang's appearance screams and screams for the wisdom of "cakes", so do you see the story of Datang so that it is coming?
Do you know why the saint in the play is the empress?
Why is Luoyang called Shendu?
Why was there no one on the street when Gao Bingzhan fled at night?
Was Qiniang's dress the fashion of the time?
Why does Bai li jiro always like to drink sheep soup instead of cow soup?
Can the Western Regions and the Central Plains exchange "passports" at will?
The marriage between Qiniang and Erlang "reluctantly" can only be to marry a chicken with a chicken and a dog with a dog?
In the play, the high pavilion of the god capital, the Fangmen Tongqu are lined with the Towering Zhumen Gate, the crowd is bustling, there are songs and dances in front of the feast, the exquisite life pictures and exquisite artifact details have triggered a "magnifying glass" movie viewing boom among the fans, which makes people intoxicated and addicted at the same time, we can't help but be curious about the real era behind the plot.
Luoshui babbling, Qin bricks and Han tiles, prosperous three thousand dreams are all in Datang. Now, let's take advantage of this curiosity about the Tang Dynasty culture that has not yet dissipated, and take "The Wind Rises luoyang" as the index for a day trip to the Tang Dynasty.
Tang Dynasty prosperity: food, clothing, shelter and transportation, a day to see all the gods are flowers
"The Wind Rises luoyang" is adapted from Ma Boyong's original screenplay "Luoyang". In 690, Wu Zetian changed the Tang name to Zhou, in order to get rid of the influence of the Li Tang imperial family in Chang'an, she decided to move the capital to Luoyang and call it Shendu, and "The Wind Rises Luoyang" opened the story with this as the background.
At the beginning of the plot, the prosperity of shendu is shown through the perspective of the eagle flapping its wings in the air, but the streets in Luoyang City are crisscrossed and laid out in a chessboard layout. In order to facilitate management, the government planned a residential area every 500 square meters in the capital, called Lifang. In order to maintain law and order, each square has a wall, leaving a gate, open day and night, and residents can only move in the square after dark.
I believe you still have an impression of the plot of Gao Bingzhan as a fugitive suspect in "The Wind Rises in Luoyang"? In the cold night, the streets and alleys were empty, and Gao Bingzhan was chased by officers and soldiers to hide everywhere. This is because of the "night ban system" of the Tang Dynasty, the door of the square is closed at night, and residents are not allowed to go to the street.
No.
01.
A Guide to Crossing the Tang Dynasty
If you want to visit the night scenery of Shendu, you must look forward to the three days of the "Shangyuan Festival" on the fifteenth day of the first month of each year, and the official government will lift the curfew on these three days, and residents can go to the street market and party all night.
Where to stay? Do you still need a temporary residence permit?
Since you can't walk around the streets at night, a stable place to live is a must. If you are an "indigenous" resident of Shendu, then you will get a "handbook" issued by the imperial court, that is, a Household Registration Book of the Tang Dynasty, and report to the dangfang Lizheng (similar to the street office and neighborhood committee); if you are a foreigner, then you must show the "public examination" to enter the Shendu.
In the first episode of "Wind Rises In Luoyang", the informant father and daughter entered Shendu with a "public test", and after they were killed, the "Shendu Squad" also used this physical evidence to track down the case. This "public examination" is like the identity certificate of the Tang Dynasty, which is equivalent to our current IDENTITY cards, driver's licenses, military officers' certificates, passports, and unit introduction letters.
The "public inspection" that ordinary people want to issue is called "passing the house", and An Lushan followed the Hu caravan that lost its points into the Central Plains, and their "passing house" reads:
Akitake U.S. Yingbo U.S. Loss Of Rice
Niece Yi nu years three picks up
The translator is An Lushan Nian Yishi
Nu Xin Zi Nian Yi Shi Lu
Slave returns to the year of the second year
……
When you enter the capital, you need to find the temporary residence of the pawnshop, apply to it for the extension of the "passing house", and after the extension, the "passing house" will become your temporary residence permit.
02.
A Guide to Tang Dynasty Settlement
What to wear? Datang Neon Dress, Universal Trend
There is a very interesting plot in "The Wind Rises in Luoyang": when Liu Qiniang ran away from home, she did not forget to bring fish glue and noodle paper used to cover her face. Isn't it too much to say that she is the first exquisite girl in the gods?
Speaking of the face, in the play did not really appear in the makeup of the actors, but the flowers between their foreheads, different shapes, delicate and moving, the flower tungsten originated from the Southern Dynasty Song Shouyang Princess's "plum blossom makeup", during the Wuzhou Period, the fan-shaped flower tin has developed into a rich, flowers, curly grass, cirrus clouds can be placed in the forehead.
But such a makeup that only lights on the flower tin can be described as "plain face to the sky" in the Tang Dynasty, and a Tang Dynasty beauty must be smeared with a full set of makeup.
Let's start with the skin color base, which is recorded in the "Interpretation of The Name and Interpretation of Jewelry": "Hu powder: paste also, fat combination to coat the face also." "Yes, this hu powder is the first step for the ladies to put on makeup in order to white to glow, and then you have to add a "white and red" effect, smearing grease and lipstick on the cheeks and lips, which is what we often call rouge;
In order to be energetic, you have to draw an eyebrow with Qingdai, right? This method of makeup imported from the Western Regions can be seen in the murals of the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, and the various eyebrow makeup painted by women. At this point, it is not the end, the remaining "thick makeup and bright wipe" forehead flower tin, the corner of the eye painted with a crescent-shaped oblique red, and the corner of the mouth on the red dot can not be less.
03.
"Chinese Makeup: Datang Daughters' Trip"
Although film and television dramas are fictional, Tang Dynasty women love beauty, but they are not fictional. Tang people's makeup is complicated and gorgeous, and the hairstyle is never easy. In the early Tang Dynasty, a high bun that tucked the hair behind the head and tied it to the top of the skull became popular, which flourished during the Wu Zhou Period, and the typical high bun combed by Wu Siyue in the play was a typical high bun. On this basis, it later developed double ring bun, double screw bun, suiyun bun, yuanbao bun and other hair styles with different forms.
Mural of the tomb of Princess Tang Yongtai
Looking at the costumes, women's regular clothes are mainly high-waisted skirts and short tops, followed by half arms. Commoners could only wear coarse cloth and linen, and the precious silk brocade could only be used by the nobles. It is worth mentioning that before the Anshi Rebellion, the women of the Early Tang And Sheng Tang Dynasty were extremely fond of Hu clothing and men's clothing, which even once became a symbol of the status of upper-class women.
The New Book of Tang and the Five Elements Chronicle records that at a court banquet during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang, Princess Taiping danced in a pair of men's costumes. Instead of reprimanding, Emperor Gaozong found it interesting, which was also the beginning of the trend of women wearing men's clothing in the Tang Dynasty.
In "Lady Yu Chuntu", it can be seen that although the women are combing women's hair buns, they wear round neck narrow sleeve robes and feet wear black leather boots, which is a typical men's clothing, revealing the traces of the fusion of Eastern and Western cultures.
Lady Yu Chun Tu (Partial)
What to eat? Note that the front is invading
We talked about "living" and "clothing", and then let's take a look at the Tang Dynasty cuisine where the people took food as the sky. Take a day as an example, there should be a pilgrimage in the morning, and the common one is the dumplings cooked by Bailang for Gao Bing candles in the play, that is, the noodle soup, and the sesame pepper cake and the bì luó (bì luó) under the soup. It is also a hu food imported from ethnic minorities, which is a pillow-type noodle with meat filling, because the low price belongs to civilian food, and the poor students who entered Beijing at that time could only afford to eat this, and gradually evolved into the term "喽啰" among liquor stores.
Although the Tang Dynasty began to popularize three meals a day, the commoners mostly ate two meals a day. It is also a meal, with rice and pasta as the mainstay, supplemented by abundant fruits and vegetables and meat. The Tang people eat meat mainly mutton, and fish fresh. Bai Li Ji Lang always likes to drink sheep soup, but he has never seen him drink beef soup, is our delicious beef not fragrant?
04.
"Food in the Tang Dynasty"
The fact is that the Tang Dynasty law stipulates that cultivated cattle cannot be slaughtered, and pork, the nobles do not want to see, poultry is not considered meat, so they have to eat mutton. In addition to making lamb very well, the Tang people also love to eat fish, that is, sashimi, accompanied by dipping in chopped green onion, accompanied by hot rice, which is a delicacy.
Where to? Datang Western Regions Deep Tour opened the group
During the period of strong national strength of the Tang Dynasty, under the enlightened cultural atmosphere, the cultural exchanges between the Tang Dynasty and Central Asia and West Asia reached their peak. Against the backdrop of such an era, merchants from these countries were attracted by the rich interests of the Eastern world and came to China to do business through the Silk Road, that is, the Hu merchants of An Lushan and his party we mentioned above.
05.
Chang'an and Western Civilization in the Tang Dynasty
Western merchants need "passports" such as public inspection to come to China, and Central Plains people also need relevant public inspections to go to various parts of the Western Regions, but as long as you are a law-abiding citizen, out of the same business needs as Liu Jiashilang or Xuanzang's needs for studying in the west, then you can also come to a "Deep Tour of the Western Regions".
With the convenience of "walking", Datang gathered the rare treasures, spice furs, brocade qiluo brought by Hu merchants from thousands of miles away... All kinds of goods are gathered from all over the world to Shendu, and then sent from here to all parts of the country and even to the western regions, Japan and other places.
Datang open: Zizhong universe, Yangyang Datang strength is fully displayed
All of them are in the universe, paying tribute to the four directions, dealing with wind and rain, and all of them are in the kingdoms.
--Emperor Gaozong of Tang, Li Zhi, "Jiandong Capital Edict"
The Tang Dynasty was an extremely prosperous dynasty in history, at that time, the land area was very vast, whether it was politically, economically and culturally, it presented a prosperous scene, attracting eight parties to the dynasty, different cultures, different commodities gathered, blended and spread in the Tang Dynasty, making Chang'an and Luoyang become the center of cultural exchanges and dissemination between the East and the West, all of which were inseparable from the policies implemented by the state at that time.
Camel hoof prints, economic prosperity on the Silk Road
"If you ask about the rise and fall of ancient and modern times, please only look at Luoyang City." As the eastern starting point of the Silk Road, more than ten dynasties have built their capital in Luoyang in history. Thousands of years later, standing in front of the Dingding Gate, you can still see the rut marks, camel hoof prints through the gaps in time and space, and you can also glimpse the hustle and bustle of this international metropolis thousands of years ago.
The reason for the endless flow of Hu people to and from the Tang capital was that the number of ethnic minorities in the Tang Dynasty also reached a peak moment, and the Tang Dynasty's attitude towards ethnic minorities was to actively carry out bilateral exchanges, and the Tang Dynasty implemented a policy of peace and pro-family, reduced taxes for ethnic minorities, and implemented a system of equal land to promote the development and stability of both sides. Special diplomatic institutions were also set up— the Hongxu Temple, the Sifang Pavilion, and the Department of Ceremonies—to receive envoys and exchange exchanges with ethnic minorities and foreign friends. This is similar to the "bilateral (multilateral) trade" practiced in our country today.
06.
The Golden Peach of Samarkand:
Tang Dynasty Imported Products Research
Study abroad atmosphere, Tang culture eclectic
In addition to achieving two-way prosperity in the economy, Datang also implements "eclecticism" culturally.
During the Tang Dynasty, neighboring countries such as Japan, Silla, Baekje, Goguryeo, Nebra, Tianzhu, Linyi, Chenla, Haling, Huiguo and Lion Kingdom continued to send large numbers of students to study in the Tang Dynasty to study Chinese scriptures, history, law, etiquette, literature and technology. During the Zhenguan years, there were more than 8,000 students in the sixth school of Guozijian, of which nearly 5,000 were international students.
China would also send envoys to other countries to visit and study, such as during the Tang Taizong period, Xuanzang sent Xuanzang to the Western Regions to get Buddhist scriptures, Xuanzang returned to China after 17 years, and recorded what he saw and heard in ancient India in the "Records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty", and the culture of the Tang Dynasty was also affected accordingly. The infiltration of "Hu Feng" into the people's livelihood and culture of Datang can also be seen everywhere in the food, clothing, housing and transportation we talked about above.
07.
Medieval China and sogdian Civilization
What extent did the Tang Dynasty's society open up and its policies flourish with the cultures of various countries? You can even spend Christmas in the Tang Dynasty! It is true that there was Christianity in the Tang Dynasty, but at that time it was called "Jingjiao", and they crossed the ocean and came to China with the Bible to start the missionary road.
Great Qin Jingjiao Popular Chinese Monument (Partial)
In addition, non-state religions such as Yuanjiao (Zoroastrianism) and Mingism (Manichaeism), which we often hear in plays, had their own places in the Tang Dynasty, and the government built special temples for them, and also set up the position of "Sabao" to manage the Hu people of different faiths.
Freedom of marriage and love, to the dogma of the mortar Say No
The openness and tolerance of the Tang Dynasty was not only external, but also very open to the social atmosphere of the Tang Dynasty. For example, the marriage between Baili Erlang and Qiniang because of the words of the matchmaker is not only the only destination for young men and women in the Tang Dynasty in love, but the Tang people have great freedom in the choice of marriage. The Tang Law of Household Marriage stipulates that even without the consent of the parents, as long as the adult parties have established a marriage relationship, the law will give recognition.
08.
"A Day in the Tang Dynasty"
It is also common for women to divorce and remarry. The concept of Tang women observing the festival is very weak, and there is a divorce clause in the Tang law that "if the husband and wife are not harmonious and leave each other, they will not sit", which is almost unprecedented in China's feudal dynasty. Tang Dynasty women were not ashamed of remarriage, and even princesses had many remarriages and third marriages, which showed the enlightened social atmosphere of the Tang Dynasty.
Tang Dynasty Wife Release Letter (Partial)
China's two-thousand-year feudal history, in general, male superiority and female inferiority, while the status of women in the Tang Dynasty was raised a lot, in addition to the above-mentioned women can wear beards, men's clothing can go out, to ride horses and hit the ball, women can also be officials in the Dynasty.
During the reign of the sages during the Wuzhou Dynasty, the status of women reached the highest peak in all dynasties. In spite of the previous rules, the Tang laws also gave women the legal right to inherit, and they could be the heads of households alone, directly supporting the status of women in the Tang Dynasty from the economic point of view.
09.
Wu Zetian
The more we learn about the Tang Dynasty, the more we feel that the Tang Dynasty has epoch-making significance. It is a special dynasty with great radiation power, which is reflected in its influence on the world at that time, and even more in its influence on China in later generations. It shows us that the openness of civilization, the comprehensive national strength and cultural self-confidence are positively correlated.
As a "utopia" existence that straddles the history of human civilization, it has many inherent qualities that we need to recognize. Our understanding of it can not be limited to film and television dramas, if you are really curious about datang, the beautiful dynasty that is full of beards, rice fat, and Ayara, then you may wish to go to the book to see more of its true face.
*The above pictures are from the Internet