Lü Buwei was a famous merchant and politician in the last years of the Warring States period, and also a minister of the Qin State. When King Xiang of Qinzhuang was still a hostage of the State of Zhao, Lü Buwei "invested" in him, and finally King Xiang of Qinzhuang became the King of Qin, and after his death, he took the throne, and Lü Buwei worshipped him as a chancellor. Yin Zheng always honored Lü Buwei as "Zhongfu", and later Lü Buwei was exiled because he was implicated in the rebellion of the Yanyi clique, and committed suicide on the way. What caused Lü Buwei's final death?
1. Rebellion of Yan Yi
The rebellion also began with Zhao Ji, the birth mother of Qin Shi Huang. When King Xiang of Qin zhuang was also a hostage of the State of Zhao, his name was Yiren, and when Lü Buwei saw Yiren, he thought that he was "strange and liveable", so he wanted to help Yiren return to China to inherit the throne.
In this way, Lü Buwei's relationship with the inhumans became better and better. Once, when a stranger came to Lü Buwei's house as a guest, Lü Buwei called out his favorite concubine Zhao Ji to dance. This Zhao Ji was not only able to sing and dance, but also looked very beautiful, and when the stranger saw Zhao Ji, he immediately felt excited, so he asked Lü Buwei to give Zhao Ji to him.
Lü Buwei wanted to be angry after hearing this request, but on second thought, he had already invested so much energy and money in yiren, and it was not bad for this concubine, so Lü Buwei gave Zhao Ji to Yiren. After Zhao Ji married Yiren, she gave birth to a son named "Zheng", which is Yingzheng.
Later, Yiren became the King of Qin, and Zhao Ji was his wife. After the death of King Xiang of Qinzhuang, Yingzheng took the throne and Zhao Ji became empress dowager. However, Zhao Ji was a person who was not willing to be lonely, and after the death of King Xiang of Qinzhuang, Zhao Ji was still very young, so she and Lü Buwei revived, and the two of them got along with Yingzheng behind their backs.
"History of Lü Buwei": "The King of Qin was young, and the empress dowager stole lü Buwei from time to time. ”
As Yingzheng grew up, Lü Buwei was afraid that his affairs with Zhao Ji would be revealed, so he found a substitute to serve the empress dowager instead of himself, and this stand-in was Yan Yi. Concubine Yi was very popular with the empress, and the two secretly committed adultery, and the empress dowager became pregnant. Later, in order to hide her eyes and ears, the empress dowager moved to the palace of Yongdi to live, where she gave birth to two sons of Concubine Yi. Yan Yi lived there with the empress, and many things were controlled by Yan Yi, who gradually became arrogant.
Once, when Yan Yi was drunk, she told others, "The King of Qin is my false father," and Concubine Yi and the empress dowager conspired to make her son king after Yingzheng's death. This matter was denounced, and Yingzheng was extremely angry, so that people strictly investigated the matter.
In a panic, Yan Yi stole the great seal of the King of Qin and the seal of the Empress Dowager to mobilize the troops and guards of the capital. When Ying Zheng learned of this, he sent Xiangguo Changpingjun and Changwenjun to send troops to stop the rebellion, and the battle of Yan Yi was unsuccessful. In September of the ninth year of Qin Shi Huang, all of Her Family was executed, and all the family property of the doorkeepers was confiscated, and the Empress Dowager was moved to Live in Yongdi.
"History of Lü Buwei Lie": In the ninth year of the first emperor, there were people who told concubines that they were not eunuchs, often had private affairs with the empress, and had two children, and they all hid them. Conspiring with the empress dowager, "the king is the queen, and the son is the queen".
At this time, Lü Buwei, who was involved with Yan Yi, should also be punished, but Lü Buwei had many guests who spoke kind words for him, and Lü Buwei could not bear to bring him to justice because of his meritorious service to the previous king, so lü Buwei was relieved of his position as a xiangguo, and he was sent out of the capital to the fiefdom of Henan.
Ii. Lü Buwei's death
When Lü Buwei was in the fiefdom of Henan, although he did not have an official position, the doormen were always in an endless stream, and the emissaries and princes of various countries met one after another, and they did not idle all year round.
Knowing this situation, Yin Zheng was afraid that Lü Buwei would launch a rebellion, so he wrote a letter to Lü Buwei, saying: What credit do you have to the Qin state? The State of Qin sealed you in Henan and gave you 100,000 households. What is your blood relationship with me, and I want to honor you as the Middle Father? You and your family will go to Shudi to live!
"History of Lü Buwei Lie": The King of Qin was afraid of his change, but he gave Wenxin Hou Shuyi: "What merit did Jun he make to Qin? Qin sealed the jun in Henan, eating 100,000 households; jun he was close to Qin? Known as the middle father. He and his family moved to Shu! ”
Lü Buwei was very scared when he saw this letter, and felt that he was being persecuted, even if he did not die now, he would be killed by the King of Qin in the future, so he drank poisoned wine on the way and committed suicide. Both The Concubine Yi whom Ying Zheng hated and the jealous Lü Buwei had both died, so he let the relocated Concubines return to the capital.
3. The cause of Lü Buwei's death
1. Involved in the Yanyi Group.
Lü Buwei was implicated because of Concubine Yi, and since the Qin King Yingzheng wanted to relocate Concubine Yi, he must have known about the relationship between Lü Buwei and Yan Yi. Because Yan Yi was introduced to the empress dowager by Lü Buwei.
Lü Buwei was afraid that his private affair with the empress dowager would be exposed, so he found Concubine Yi, so because of Lü Buwei's relationship, Concubine Yi had the opportunity to be with the empress. Another reason was that Concubine Yi was sent to the palace by Lü Buwei.
Lü Buwei told the empress dowager that she could pretend to let Concubine Yi be tortured by the palace, so that she could make Concubine Yi a eunuch, and the empress dowager could have an affair with Concubine Yi. Lü Buwei pretended to have people accuse Yan Yi of committing the crime that should be punished by the palace, and the empress dowager secretly bribed the official who presided over the palace punishment behind her back, asking him to pretend to punish Yan Yi and pull out Yan Yi's beard and pretend to be a eunuch, so that Concubine Yi could enter the palace under lü Buwei's operation and commit adultery with the empress.
Therefore, the empress dowager and the empress dowager were run by Lü Buwei, and After Yingzheng captured Heran Yi, he would definitely know about it, so he moved Lü Buwei to Henan.
"History of Lü Buwei Lie": "Lü Buwei entered the concubine and deceived people to accuse him of corruption. ”
2. Yingzheng does not trust Lü Buwei.
According to the time when Lü Buwei was relocated, Yan Yi was killed in September of the ninth year of Qin Shi Huang, and Lü Buwei was dismissed from his post in October of the tenth year of Qin Shi Huang, a whole year later.
That is to say, when Yin Zheng was killed, he did not want Lü Buwei to resign and migrate, probably because lü Buwei assisted the previous king. So why did the King of Qin later migrate Lü Buwei? Because at that time, the Qin king Yingzheng just took the empress dowager back to the palace.
This practice of Yingzheng is very interesting, he will take the empress dowager back and drive Lü Buwei away, indicating that Yingzheng also has an understanding of the empress dowager's private affair with Lü Buwei, so he separates the two of them, so as to avoid future troubles. Therefore, Yin Zheng did not believe in Lü Buwei in his heart.
3. The cruel character of Yingzheng.
One of the main reasons for Lü Buwei's suicide was that he was afraid that the Qin King Yingzheng would kill himself in the future, and Lü Buwei was a more self-respecting character, so he did not want to be killed by the Qin King, so he cut himself off.
YingZheng is also a cruel character, and if there is a threat to himself, he will get rid of it. The two sons born to the empress dowager and Concubine Yi can also be regarded as the half-brothers of Yingzheng, but Yingzheng directly threw them to death, which can reflect that Yingzheng's character is very cruel.
Later, Yin Zheng took back the empress dowager because a Qi man named Mao Jiao persuaded the King of Qin that his reason was that the King of Qin had exiled his birth mother, and if the people of the world heard about it, the great cause of unifying the six kingdoms would probably be affected. It was precisely because Mao Jiao said this that Yin Zheng took back the empress dowager.
Before Mao Jiao, there were twenty-seven other people who persuaded the King of Qin, but all of them were killed by the King of Qin, and Mao Jiao risked his life to ask for help before convincing the King of Qin. The King of Qin was able to take back the empress dowager after mao jiao's words, not because of filial piety, but because he seized the world and could not take the empress dowager back with his tongue.
"History of Qin Shi Huang Benji": "Ten years, Xiangguo Lü Buwei sat on the concubine Yi Yi ... The King of Qin, Empress Dowager Yu, entered Xianyang and retook refuge in Ganquan Palace. ”
Therefore, Yingzheng's personality is very cruel, and he is also very handy, and Lü Buwei is afraid that Yingzheng will attack him in the future, and it is better to commit suicide himself and die a dignified death.
4. Lü Buwei's talent intimidating master.
Lü Buwei changed from a successful businessman to a country's chancellor, and this kind of difficult behavior of "crossing the line" from business to government seems extremely simple here in Lü Buwei. Lü Buwei, whether he was in business or as an official, was very good, and there were always a large number of people following. After Lü Buwei was implicated in the rebellion of Concubine Yi, it was because many people interceded for him that the King of Qin could not bear to kill Lü Buwei.
When Lü Buwei was moved to Henan, even though he had no official position, because of his talent, there were always envoys from other countries who came to visit and invited him to his own country as an official, which was a threat to the Qin state.
First,
It is because Lü Buwei's talent is too high, and such a smart person as Lü Buwei is OKAY in his own country, and once he reaches another country, he is a threat. Talented people are called "talents" in their own countries, and when they go to other countries, they are "cancerous tumors". Lü Buwei was a man without an official position, and even if he wasted talent in QinDi, it was the Qin King's own will, but if lü Buwei played his talents in other countries, it would be a loss for the Qin state.
Second
Lü Buwei was once a chancellor of the Qin Dynasty. Lü Buwei's position was above that of one person and ten thousand people, and he knew the economy and politics of the Qin State very well, not only that, but also lü Buwei was also very familiar with many secrets of the Qin State. If a person who knows the roots of his own country goes to another country, it will definitely be a major blow to the Qin state.
Since Yingzheng wanted to unify the six countries, he would certainly not allow other countries to poach Lü Buwei. Therefore, Yin Zheng wrote a very heavy letter to Lü Buwei, which we can understand as a reason for the exile of Lü Buwei, but it cannot be denied that Yin Zheng used this letter to force Lü Buwei to die.
Lü Buwei's personality Yingzheng is very well understood, perhaps he already knew that Lü Buwei would commit suicide after seeing this letter, so he wrote this letter to Lü Buwei, which means "I did not explicitly let you die, but you should be able to understand." Lü Buwei saw Yingzheng's intention and committed suicide. In the end, Yingzheng not only eliminated the threat, but also lost the bad reputation of killing Zhongfu.
summary
Lü Buwei, as a wise man who discovered strange things to live in, as the chancellor of the Qin Kingdom and the middle father of Yingzheng, was a far-sighted, high-IQ, and eloquent politician, and could also be said to be a strategist.
In the process of "investing" in the infidel to achieve the prime minister, the process is tortuous and difficult, and it is calculated step by step by Lü Buwei. But Lü Buwei calculated all his life, but he "flipped" on the matter of Yan Yi. Lü Buwei did not see Yan Yi's ambition, nor did he expect that Yan Yi would be able to launch a rebellion and finally lose himself.
Reference: Chronicle of History