Poetry of the Three Kingdoms (Yang Jian)
The two Han Dynasties and four hundred years were divided into Wei Shu Wu.
Cao Cao was the first to live in Yi, and Liu Bei was in Chengdu.
Sun Quan was in Jinling, and Dingzu was drawing on each other.
In the early days, Cao Cao put himself on the side of justice by means of "holding the Son of Heaven hostage to order the princes". There are both advantages and disadvantages to doing so. Needless to say, Cao Cao held up the golden sign of the "Han Room", doing everything justifiably, and the officials who were sealed were also full of gold, making it easier to recruit talents who wanted to make meritorious achievements. But Cao Cao was not a person loyal to the Han Room, whether he wanted to be emperor or not, he wanted to empty the Han Room, and the matter of monopolizing power was certainly correct and orderly. This clashed with Emperor Xian of Han and some people loyal to the Han dynasty. Therefore, it is not surprising that rebellions occurred within Cao Cao's control. The following small editor will come; talk about the "Wei Irony Conspiracy Case".
The background of the era of "Wei Irony Conspiracy Rebellion": Cao Cao's career fell into a downturn
The "Wei Irony Conspiracy" occurred in September of the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an (i.e., 219 AD), when Cao Cao's career fell into a downturn and suffered great setbacks. The first was the defeat in the war against Liu Bei. In early 24 years of Jian'an, Liu Bei beheaded Xiahou Yuan and took the initiative in Hanzhong; from March to May of the same year, Cao Cao and Liu Bei failed in the battle for Hanzhong and had to withdraw back to Chang'an. This defeat was a huge setback for Cao Cao, both in terms of army morale, Guanzhong's people's strength, and personal prestige. Liu Bei took the throne of Hanzhong by virtue of his victory in the "Battle of Hanzhong", and was already on an equal footing with Cao Cao in the title.
Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Wei, And Emperor Wu of Wu: "Xiahou Yuan fought with Liu Bei at Yangping and was killed by Bei. In March, Wang Zi'an came out of the Valley... In The summer of May, the army was returned to Chang'an. ”
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Shu, Biography of the First Lord": "In autumn, the first lord under the group was the king of Hanzhong. ”
The defeat of the "Battle of Hanzhong" had already made Cao Cao very unhappy, and various incidents occurred in the same period, many of which were the chain reaction brought about by the "Battle of Hanzhong". Xiaobian is listed below.
I. Guan Yu Launches the "Battle of Xiangfan"
In fact, before the "Battle of Hanzhong", or the "Battle of Hanzhong" (the "Battle of Hanzhong" not only referred to the confrontation between Cao Cao and Liu Bei, but also included the "Battle of Xiayi" the previous year), Guan Yu already had the idea of northern expedition and plotted against Hou Yin of Wanxian County. This time may be an echo of the "Battle of Hanzhong"; when Liu Bei completely took Hanzhong, Liu Feng and Meng Da occupied the "Three Eastern Counties", and Guan Yu launched the "Battle of Xiangfan". This time, it was a real move, and the purpose was to take Xiangyang and Fancheng, and form Jingzhou and Yizhou into a triangular connection. And Guan Yu achieved a huge advantage in the early stage, using water conservancy to capture the 30,000 troops that were forbidden, Fancheng can be said to be in danger.
Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu, Emperor Wu of Wu: "In August, the Han River overflowed, and the army was forbidden. ”
2. Bandit rebellion
As early as the twenty-third year of Jian'an (218 AD), due to the aversion to the "Battle of Hanzhong", a rebellion broke out in Luhun County, Hongnong County. Later, when Guan Yu launched the Northern Expedition, there were also rebellions in Liang County and Yu County. The rebels in Liang County, Yu County, and Luhun County all chose to unite with Guan Yu and move northwest of Xuchang, cooperating with Guan Yu's threats in the south, putting considerable pressure on Cao Cao.
The Biography of Hu Zhao, the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, The Book of Wei, and Guan Ning, is attached to the Biography of Hu Zhao: "Twenty-three years after Jian'an, Lu Hun Chang Zhang Gu was transferred to DingFu by the book... Minsun Wolf and others were killed by the xingbing army to kill the county master book, as a rebellion... Wolf waited for Suinan to attach Guan Yu. ”
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Shushu, And Guan Yu Biography": "Liang, Wu, and Lu Hun stole or received the Feather Seal and supported the party for it." ”
In addition, there was another incident, the Guanzhong camp commander Xu You (not the little master of death who called Cao Cao Aqi) was disobedient to Cao Cao because of his own army, and Cao Cao was forced by the situation at that time to finally choose to win over and appease Xu You. From this incident, it can be reflected that Cao Cao's situation at that time was reflected.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu, Du Raiding Biography": "The general Xu You of Shi embraced the song, and did not attach taizu but had slow speech... Then the thick caress is given, and the favor is obeyed. ”
In such a situation of external and internal troubles, Wei Yan and others chose to launch a mutiny.
The process of "Wei Satire Plotting Against the Case"
Although the situation at that time was more favorable to Wei Yan, the whole process of rebellion was lackluster. Wei Yan is a Peiguo person, one says that it is a Jiyin person, some scholars believe that Pei Guo should be, because Cao Cao is also a Pei Guo, and Zhong Xuan as Wei Xiangguo opened Wei Wei as Western Cao, which is for this consideration. There is some truth to this statement. Wei Is eloquent, good at sociability, and makes friends with many people. While Cao Cao's army remained in Guanzhong, Wei Yi planned to launch a mutiny with Chen Yi, the guard of changle palace. However, the purpose was not in the Han capital Xuchang, but in the Wei capital Yecheng.
As a result, Chen Yi felt frightened and truthfully informed Cao Pi of Wei Yi's plan. Cao Pi immediately took action and killed Wei Yi. This mutiny was thus stillborn.
"World Language": "The army did not rebel, satirized the subterranean disciples, and plotted with Chen Yi, the captain of the Changle Guard, to attack The Army." Before the deadline, yi fear, tell the prince, and ridicule. ”
The result of the handling of the "Wei Irony Conspiracy Counter-Case"
The period of the "Wei Irony Conspiracy Rebellion Case" was an extraordinary period, and it was also a major case of a rebellious nature. Before Cao Cao returned, Cao Pi of course seriously handled the case, and may have expanded the scope of the attack, Shunteng touched the melon and arrested dozens of people related to Wei Yi, most of whom were executed, and some of them were in prison, wanting to continue to torture others. Among them were people with names and surnames (Xiao Biancai was shallow and shallow, and there may be omissions, and only these few could be found) were Wen Qin, Zhang Quan (Zhang Xiu's son), Song Zheng (Mingshi's son), Wang Cangzi, Liu Xi, Liu Wei (Liu Shu's brother), and Zhong Xuan, who invited Wei Xie, and Yang Jun, who was not well protected. Among them, Zhong Xuan was dismissed from office, Yang Jun was demoted; Zhang Quan, Liu Wei, Song Zhenzi, and Wang Yuezi were killed; Wen Qin and Liu Shu were also about to be killed.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu, Biography of Zhong Xuan": "For several years, sitting in the West Cao Shu Wei satirized and plotted rebellion, and the plan was the first." ”
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu, Xu Yi Biography": "Wei Yan and others plotted rebellion, and Lieutenant Yang Jun moved to the left. ”
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu, Zhang Xiu's Biography": "Zi Quansi, sit and conspire with Wei To rebel, and the country is removed." ”
"Wei Luo": "(Song Zheng) his son rebelled against Wei Yi and ambushed him. ”
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu, Biography of Wang Yue": "The second son of Yue, cited by Wei Yi, was cursed." ”
Book of Wei: "Wei satirically opposed, qin sitting and irony are connected, and going to prison, plundering hundreds, and dying." ”
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu, Biography of Liu Shu": "Wei satirized against him, and Di Wei was quoted by irony, and he should sit on the other." ”
However, after Cao Cao returned, he did not attack as widely as Cao Pi, but protected some people. Like Wen Qin and Liu Shu, they were originally going to be executed, but were pardoned by Cao Cao. In addition, for the death of Wang Yue's two sons, Cao Cao also expressed regret, and if he returned early, he could also be forgiven.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu, Liu Shu Biography": "Taizu Lingyi: 'Shu Xiang does not sit on the brother tiger, and the ancient system is also.'" 'Tehara didn't ask. ”
Book of Wei: "Taizu forgave him with Ji Ji (文稷, father of Wen Qin). ”
"Article Zhi": "When Taizu was in Hanzhong, he heard the death of Cangzi and sighed: 'If you are alone, you will not let Zhongxuan have no queen.' ’”
Analyze and think
From the above historical materials, it can be seen that Cao Cao and Cao Pi have different attitudes towards the "Wei Irony Conspiracy Rebellion Case". Compared with Cao Pi, Cao Cao was undoubtedly more cautious and more tolerant. Cao Cao was certainly not a benevolent man, and in the "Jin Yi Conspiracy Rebellion" that occurred more than a year ago, Cao Cao also carried out a cruel purge. Xiao Bian believes that the change in Cao Cao's attitude came from the situation at that time.
Although the situation at the time of the "Wei Irony Conspiracy Rebellion" was not as difficult as it was during the "Battle of Guandu", it was also very unfavorable to Cao Cao. Liu Bei tried his best to take Hanzhong, Guan Yu wei shook Huaxia, the group of thieves looked at the tiger, and Cao Cao even had the idea of moving the capital to Hebei to avoid disaster. In this special period, Cao Cao should consider not taking the opportunity to purge, which will lead to riots in people's hearts, but how to avoid recurrence of incidents and appease people's hearts, so it is not surprising that the relatively gentle way of handling the "Wei Irony Conspiracy Case" is not surprising.
Reference: "Three Kingdoms"