In the summer of 1941, Hitler brazenly launched the Barbarossa Offensive. With successive defeats on the front lines, Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union, fell into a state of "martial law." The threat on the ground did not count, and when Nazi warplanes painted with iron crosses and swastika flags dropped countless bombs on the Kremlin, the Soviet top brass made up their minds to withdraw their valuables from the city of Moscow. Very important archival documents, museum exhibits from the Tsarist era, and cultural relics have been listed one after another. Among the list of evacuations was a very special document — the remains of Comrade Lenin, the leader of the October Revolution and the founder of the Soviet Union. Prior to this, in response to the air raids suffered, the Soviet Special Committee had drawn up a plan to ensure that Lenin's Mausoleum, which had been placed in Red Square, would not be damaged. Three engineers, Smirnov, Kudin and Nikitin, tried to fortify their defenses by mixing steel, cement, and sand in the middle of the mausoleum. However, due to the shortage of resources, the tight war situation, and the anxiety of the top management, the plan was not reviewed. The Soviet Union officially decided to withdraw this great man from Moscow!
Lenin's Mausoleum on the west side of Red Square.
After the order was issued, a "special group" led by Professor Boris Zbarsky was summoned to the Kremlin. There, they carried out meticulous embalming measures on The remains of Quenin. Zbalski learned that the task of their group was to evacuate Lenin from the moscow mausoleum to the relatively safe city of Tyumen, and that Zbalski and his assistants would also be solely responsible for the security of this particular "cargo." Similarly, in order to preserve the "pride of the Soviet people", the top brass can be said to have taken painstaking care: a special train to Tyumen was used to transport Lenin's body. Among them, the first train was full of heavily armed and heavily armed Guards officers and men. The second section deals with the "ontology" of the transport of Lenin and Zbalski's group. The third section that followed was also a carriage full of Guards. Before departing, the Soviet intelligence group Chekist also conducted detailed technical tests of trains. The train is also equipped with special shock absorbers and temperature control systems, which are controlled by the technical experts on the train to ensure that the remains are foolproof.
Lenin in July 1920.
During the Battle of Moscow in 1941, the Soviet anti-aircraft machine gun group was using four-pack "Maxim" heavy machine guns for air defense tasks.
Even so, Professor Zbalski was not at ease. He has repeatedly asked the train to stop and for more detailed technical checks by his team. All the stations through which the train passed, without exception, were heavily guarded. In 1945, Professor Zbarski revealed to reporters in a secret interview: "The body remained motionless in the mausoleum for 17 years. In the process of this transfer, cars and trains must be on the battlefield for several days to reach their destination. I was constantly worried that the bumps in the road would destroy the body of Comrade Ilyich (Lenin's real name). Similarly, variable temperatures are our enemy. The temperature in the mausoleum is often controllable, constant between 16 degrees. The temperature in Tyumen State on July 3, 1941 was as high as 37 degrees! Oh, it was a memory full of pain and torment. Of course, thanks to the unremitting efforts of those of us, Comrade Ilyich finally arrived at his destination safely. ”
Lenin lying in a coffin. Inside Lenin's Mausoleum.
For the sake of secrecy, the truck transporting Lenin's body was closed throughout. It is not an easy task to ensure that the body of a great man does not decay in the sweltering heat of the carriage.
When the train arrived in Tyumen, the Chekas escorted the car carried Lenin's coffin off the car. And put on the truck as fast as possible. However, due to secrecy, all officials of the Tyumen Municipality, or even the state government, were not told to transport such valuable "goods". It was not until Lenin's arrival that the city of Tyumen hurriedly dispatched dozens of trucks to assist the Chekas in their rush. A small two-story building in the center of Tyumen became a wartime refuge for Lenin's remains. It was once used as an elementary school, but with the outbreak of war, children were evacuated to the countryside. This small building is surrounded by a tall fence. Lenin's coffin is placed on the second floor. For security and confidentiality, all windows on the second floor are covered with masonry and are airtight. On the first floor, Professor Zbarski's maintenance team and guard unit are stationed. Every ten days, Professor Zbalski made a special trip to report to stalin's office in the Kremlin via a dedicated telephone line. For some reason, there have been brief power outages across the Tyumen state. In order to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past and causing irreparable consequences, Zbarski directly asked the Tyumen MunicipalIty to lay a special cable for the primary school, which was directly taken from the local power station and continuously supplied to the primary school.
▲ A small two-story building with Lenin's body placed during World War II. After the war, Lenin returned to Red Square, and the originally tight layout of the small building was demolished.
For the people of Tyumen, who are less affected by the war, it is a strange thing that the city center has a small two-story building that is "heavily guarded, heavily armed, and not accessible to outsiders". Therefore, rumors are also flying in the folk. In Moscow, when Stalin inspected the officers and men on Red Square, he routinely asked the troops to pass by the empty Lenin's Tomb to show the illusion that "the great man is still in Moscow" and reassure the people. Despite all the preparations, accidents followed: during an examination in 1942, Professor Zbalski found black mold on Lenin's body. According to the requirements of the time, in order to avoid further decay, it was necessary to use strong acid or fire to carry out technical treatment of moldy places. However, the professors and assistants did not dare to do so. To this end, Professor Zbalski managed to stop the spread of mold and ensure that these "black spots" did not constitute further damage to Lenin's body.
For the Soviet people who were deeply slaughtered by the Nazis during World War II, Lenin, the former leader, also deserves the people's remembrance
Lenin, who raised his left arm high and gave a speech to the people. Photographed in 1919.
After the war, Zbalski stated the truth to the visitors: "At my request, in December 1943, an officially led commission of inquiry came to the city of Tyumen. Mitelev, a member of the People's Health Commission, and scholars Abrikosov, Burdenko and Olbeko have successively proved that the remains of Comrade Lenin have not changed in the past 20 years. Ilyich is still the one in the hearts of the Soviet people! "The black mold did not affect Lenin's body in any way, and my reputation was not affected by it." Lenin's body was preserved in the city of Tyumen for 3 years and 9 months. During this period, Professor Zbarski was worried that the body would be affected by the climate and temperature, and the terrible black mold would appear again, and repeatedly asked to return to Moscow. On March 29, 1945, stalin personally approved the request, allowing the great man to return to Lenin's Mausoleum on the west side of the Kremlin.
▲ A cartoon poster issued by the Soviet government in 1920. Lenin is described as sweeping the royalists, clergy, and capitalists out of Russia with a broomstick.
In April 1945, Lenin's body returned to Moscow. In September of that year, Lenin's Mausoleum was reopened to the public after resting. Throughout the war, the city of Tyumen was the only place where the body of the proletarian leader rested. On July 26, 1945, Boris Zbars gene made a major contribution to the country, guarded the remains of great people, and was awarded the title of "Hero of Socialist Labor". Ironically. The "hero of labor" suffered an unfair trial in 1952. According to Zibarsky's son: Ilya, his father was sentenced to life imprisonment for no reason on charges of "assisting the German army in gathering Soviet intelligence during the war," and even the honorary title of hero was officially revoked. With Stalin's death in December 1953, Zbalski's case was set free and his reputation restored.
Vorobiov, Zbarski and his son Ilya, 1924.
Zibarsky in 1947.
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