Shu Xiang (Du Fu)
Where to find the ancestral hall of the Prime Minister, Outside the Jinguan City, Persensen.
The green grass of the ying order is self-colored, and the yellow orioles in the next leaf are empty and good.
The three Gu frequently annoyed the world's plans, and the two dynasties opened the hearts of the old ministers.
He died before he could get out of the division, and the hero was in tears.
Before Zhuge Liang carried out the Northern Expedition, he had the experience of leading troops to fight, that is, to quell the rebellion of the four counties in the south, or more precisely, the rebellion in the three counties of the south. Of course, this war was a victory for Zhuge Liang, and in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", a lot of ink was used to describe this war. However, I don't know why, Chen Shou brushed over this victory in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Shushu, and Zhuge Liang's Biography". There may be some small partners who are curious about the process of Zhuge Liang's southern expedition, and the following small editor will talk about this war in detail.
Shu Han's control over Nanzhong was not strong
Liu Bei entered Chuan to eliminate Liu Zhang and take control of Yizhou. But for the southern central region, Liu Bei's control was limited. The people in the south central region are fierce and the environment is relatively closed. Liu Bei had earlier set up the governor of Yu to guard the southern central region, and the first governor of Yu was called Deng Fang. Due to the lack of historical materials of the Shu and Han Dynasties, Chen Shou did not give Deng Fang a biography. In the first year of Zhang Wu (i.e. 221 AD), Deng Fang died. Therefore, Liu Bei sent Li Hui, who was in the south, as the governor of The Prefecture of Yu and stationed himself in Pingyi County, Mu Mu County.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Shushu, Li Hui Biography": "So he made Hui the governor of The Prefecture and lived in Pingyi County. ”
Liu Bei unsuccessfully attacked Eastern Wu and retreated to the White Emperor's City, where he fell ill and died. This was a huge blow to the Shu Han regime, and it also made the under-controlled southern central region begin to shake. The so-called "Four Counties of the Southern Expedition": Mu Mu County, Yue Wei County, Yizhou County, and Yongchang County, of which three counties of Mu Mu County, Yue Wei County, and Yi Zhou County rebelled, and one Yongchang County was saved. However, at that time, the Shu Han Dynasty was in the midst of internal and external troubles, and Zhuge Liang really could not deal with the problems in Nanzhong. In the third year of Jianxing (that is, in 225 AD), after several years of recuperation, Shu Han recovered a little vitality, and considering that the Northern Expedition against Cao Wei, the rear could not be lost, Zhuge Liang was determined to carry out a southern expedition.
The Rebellion of the Three Counties and the leaders of the various rebels
As mentioned earlier, the three counties of Mu Mu County, Yue Wei County, and Yizhou County rebelled. In the early period, the Southern Central rebels had three leaders, namely Gao Ding, the king of Yueweiyi, Yong Min, the surname of Yizhou, and Zhu Bao, who was too shou of Mu Mu. The following small editors will talk about who they are, what they have done, and what the process of rebellion is like.
Couture:
It is recorded as Gao Ding in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and Gao Dingyuan in the "Huayang Guozhi", and the editor will take the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" as the standard. In fact, when Liu Bei had not yet died, Gao Ding had disobeyed Liu Bei's rule and once led troops to attack Xindao County, but was rejected by Li Yan; when Liu Bei died, Gao Ding was of course even more arrogant, and killed the general Jiao Huang of Yuewei County, claiming himself king. Shu Han lost control of YueWei County.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Shushu, Li Yan's Biography": "Yue Weiyi led Gao Ding to send troops to besiege Xindao County, Yan Chi went to the rescue, and the thieves were all broken." ”
Huayang Guozhi Nanzhongzhi: "After the first lord Xue, The Yue Commandery Gao Dingyuan killed the county general Jiao Huang and raised the county to be called wang to rebel. ”
Zhu Zhen:
According to the Records of the Spring and Autumn of the Wei Dynasty, Zhu Zhen had already revealed his ambitions before the formal rebellion. When zhou was engaged in regular house inspections, he took zhu Zhen's main book and tortured him, and killed this main book. In a fit of rage, Zhu Zhen killed Changfang and in turn framed Changfang for rebellion. Zhuge Liang was already in a state of anxiety at this time, so he acquiesced to Zhu Bao's statement, killed Changfang's son, and exiled Changfang's younger brother, in order to appease Zhu Bao. As a result, Zhu Zhen still responded to Yong Min's rebellion.
Pei Songzhi's evaluation of the matter was: "Has An had the audacity to kill in order to please the adulterer? Stupid! Moreover, this matter is really not like Zhuge Liang's style, so there is a lot of controversy. However, whether the record of the Spring and Autumn of the Wei Dynasty is true or false, it is enough to show that shu Han's control over Mu Mu County was extremely limited, and Zhu Zhen's character was so stubborn.
It is worth mentioning that there is also a record of this incident in the "Huayang Guozhi", but the name is "Chang Qi", and there is no record of Zhuge Liang's treatment of Changfang's family.
"Huayang Guozhi Nanzhong Zhi": "Qi to Mu Ke, collect the county lord's book examination and interrogation of adultery." It is chaotic because of the killing. ”
Yong Min:
Yongmin is a surname of Yizhou County, and has a high reputation in the local area. According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Shushu, and The Biography of Zhang Yi, the Yongmin rebellion predates Liu Bei's death. According to the Huayang Guozhi, the Yongmin rebellion should have been around the first year of Zhang Wu. Yizhou Commandery Taishou Zheng'ang was killed by Yong Min, and Shu Han ordered Zhang Yi to be The Taishou of Yizhou County, and as a result, Yong Min accepted the rebellion of Eastern Wu Shi Xie and sent Zhang Yi to Eastern Wu. Sun Quan used Yong Min as yongchang taishou to infiltrate the south. However, although Yongmin was the so-called "Yongchang Taishou", he could not actually take over Yongchang County. Lü Kai, the county official of Yongchang County, and The King of Yongchang insisted on Yongchang until Zhuge Liang's southern expedition.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Shu, Biography of Zhang Yi": "It is the yizhou taishou who is the descendant... So he sent his descendants to The Right. ”
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wushu Shi Xie Biography": "Xie also induced Yizhou Hao surname Yong Min and others to lead the people of the county to make Yaodong annexed." ”
Huayang Guozhi Nanzhongzhi: "Gong Cao Lü Kai Feng County, Shu County, Wang Shu County, Baojing for six years. ”
Zhuge Liang's three-way army conquered Nanzhong
In the Southern Central Region, there were rebellions in three counties, and Zhuge Liang was also divided into three roads when he marched south. Left Road: Zhuge Liang himself led an army into Yuewei Commandery to attack Gaoding; Middle Road: Li Hui, the governor of Yu, entered Yizhou from Pingyi County to attack Yongmin; Right Road: Ma Zhong, the governor of Menxia, attacked Zhu Bao. In order to read more intuitively, xiaobian narrated the battle process of these three roads separately.
Zhuge Liang broke the couture
Gao Ding responded to the conquest of Shu Han and built many fortifications between the three counties of Xuniu County (belonging to Hanjia County), Dingdian County (belonging to Yuewei County), and Beishui County (belonging to Yuewei County), while Zhuge Liang led a large army to garrison Beishui, waiting for Gao Ding to gather troops, and then attacked the rebels in one fell swoop and killed Gao Ding. The rebellion in Yuewei Commandery was put down by Zhuge Liang.
"Huayang Guozhi NanzhongZhi": "Gao Dingyuan is defended by cattle, Dingshui, and Beishui. Liang wanted to gather the Yuan army and ask for it, and the army was humbled. ”
Li Hui turned defeat into victory
Li Hui's army was small in number, and as a result, he suffered a loss in the early stages of the battle and was besieged by rebels in the Kunming area. The number of enemy troops was far greater than that of Li Hui's Zhonglu Army, and the enemy was outnumbered, and without getting news of Zhuge Liang, Li Hui could only use his wisdom. Li Hui himself was a native of Yizhou County, and his uncle Cuan Xi was a large household in the south. In other words, Li Hui knows the situation in Yizhou very well, and also has a certain influence and affinity. So Li Hui lied that the army was hungry and was about to retreat; he also said that he had left his hometown for a long time, and today he finally returned to his hometown, planning to do something big with the rebels.
Due to Li Hui's identity and the gap in strength between the two sides, the rebels relaxed their vigilance and were beaten by Li Hui for a successful breakout. Li Hui successfully connected with the armies of Zhuge Liang and Ma Zhong.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Shu, Biography of Li Hui": "The southern people believe in it, so they are sluggish. So he attacked and broke it. ”
Ma Zhong won smoothly
Unlike Zhuge Liang and Li Hui, ma Zhong's Right Route Army has very little historical information on the course of battle (it is also possible that the editor was only sparsely learned and did not find it), which is really lackluster. Overall, Ma Zhong successfully defeated Zhu Zhen and took control of Muke County.
"Huayang Guozhi Nanzhongzhi": "Liang both cut the Yuan, while Ma Zhong broke the Muke." ”
Seven captures and seven indulgences against Meng
After these battles, only Meng Yu of Yizhou County remained. Some people may feel strange, isn't the leader of the Yizhou rebels Yong Min? When did it change to Meng Yue? This was because of the conflict between Gao Ding and Yong Min, Gao Ding killed Yong Min, and Meng Yu was very influential in Yizhou as a part of Yong Min. At first, the people of Yizhou were reluctant to follow Yong Min's rebellion, and Yong Min sent Meng Yu to do lobbying work. Therefore, as soon as Yong Min died, Meng Yue, who had considerable prestige, became the leader.
"Huayang Guozhi Nanzhong Zhi": "Dingyuan Buqu killed Yong Min and Shi Shu, etc., and Meng Was the main dai min." ”
At the time of the expedition, Zhuge Liang's proud adviser Ma Mo told Zhuge Liang that the treatment of Nanzhong should be based on attacking the heart, otherwise even if he could win by force, he would not be able to actually control Nanzhong. Zhuge Liang also agreed with Ma Chen's statement. Therefore, in the face of Meng Yue, a figure of considerable prestige, Zhuge Liang's handling was very cautious.
The Book of Xiangyang: "The Book of Xiangyang: '... The original public obeyed his heart. 'Liang Naqi Strategy, Pardon Meng was given to the South. ”
Zhuge Liang easily defeated Meng Yu and captured him in the Shu Han military camp, asking Meng Yu how his army was, and Meng Yu provoked Zhuge Liang: "If this is the case, it will be easy to win." Zhuge Liang knew that Meng Yue was not convinced, and in order to stabilize the hearts of the people in nanzhong, Zhuge Liang spared Meng Yue. The two sides fought seven battles, Zhuge Liang captured seven and seven columns, and Meng was convinced, no longer rebelled, and finally made the imperial history of Shu Han.
"Han Jin Chunqiu": "Bright smile, even if more war, seven columns and seven birds." ”
The description of the seven captures and seven columns in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is very wonderful, and there are also records of the seven captures and seven columns in the "Spring and Autumn of the Han Dynasty" and the "Huayang Guozhi". However, there is no record of this in the most authoritative Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms. Therefore, whether there is a matter of seven captures and seven vertical Meng, there is also a great controversy in the field of historiography. Regarding the controversy of this matter, Xiaobian will not elaborate here, let alone think that it exists.
The follow-up to Zhuge Liang's Southern Expedition
After Zhuge Liang quelled the rebellion in the southern central region, he carried out two policies, one was to appease the people in the south and the other was to divide and control the south.
Soothing
After quelling the rebellion, zhuge liang was persuaded to leave some outsiders to become governors. In this way, the local Hao clan can avoid using their influence to raise troops. However, if you stay in the field as a commander, you must equip them with troops. Zhuge Liang believed that first, it was inconvenient to transport grain, and second, it would stimulate the sensitive people's hearts in the south and central regions, so he did not adopt this approach. Not only that, Zhuge Liang also absorbed Cuan Xi, Meng Yan, Meng Yu and other people from Nanzhong as officials, and co-opted the large households in Nanzhong.
Differentiation control
Of course, Zhuge Liang could not only rely on appeasement and co-optation to ensure the stability of the south and central regions, but also needed a little political means. Zhuge Liang divided the three counties of Yizhou County, Mumu County, and Yongchang County in nanzhong into five counties: Jianning County, Yunnan County, Xinggu County, Muke County, and Yongchang County, dividing the power of Nanzhong County. It also made the local rich and large households spend money to bribe some brave South Central people to make a part, divide and control them.
In addition, Zhuge Liang also brought some "benefits" from the south central region. Zhuge Liang migrated, absorbed a large number of soldiers, formed the famous "Wudang Flying Army" (which can also be regarded as a supplement to the above two points), and obtained a lot of gold and silver minerals from the south and central regions, as well as cultivated cattle and war horses. However, on the whole, although Zhuge Liang's southern expedition was successful, he did not complete the complete control of the southern central region, and there was still a rebellion in the south central after that. But that's all a story.
References: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Chronicle of the State of Huayang