The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is in Yan'an
December 28, 1936
On behalf of the CPC Central Committee, Mao Zedong issued the "Statement on Chiang Kai-shek's Statement," pointing out in response to Chiang Kai-shek's "Admonition to Zhang Yang," pointing out that Chiang Kai-shek only restored his freedom after accepting the six conditions, and the question going forward is whether Chiang Kai-shek will carry out his promise without compromise.
The story of old photos
More than 800 people escaped! Hong Kong Secret Rescue
On December 25, 1941, the British authorities in Hong Kong surrendered to the Invading Japanese Army, and the bustling "Pearl of the Orient" fell into endless darkness. Since it happens to be a Western Christmas, history calls it the "Black Christmas" in Hong Kong. After the fall of Hong Kong, the patriotic democrats and progressive figures in the cultural circles trapped in Hong Kong were in danger. In times of crisis, the Communist Party of China stepped forward, made careful plans, and tried every means to organize a secret rescue.
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Zou Taofen, Mao Dun, and many other patriotic cultural figures successively went to Hong Kong to carry out anti-Japanese rescue activities. For a time, Hong Kong became an anti-Japanese cultural center with many talents and talents. After the Japanese army occupied Hong Kong, it wantonly searched for these patriotic cultural figures and published notices in newspapers to "look for" Mao Dun, Zou Taofen, and others. They even put up slide notices in theaters and theaters, directly naming Xia Yan, Cai Chusheng and others to go to the Peninsula Hotel to "meet".
At the urging of many parties, the Nationalist government hastily dispatched planes before the complete fall of Hong Kong, vowing to take the cultural elite back to China. However, when many reporters flocked to chongqing airport to prepare for the return of cultural people, they found that the plane brought back mostly Kuomintang "imperial relatives" and their nannies, attendants, and even a number of domestic dogs. For a time, the crowd was full of emotions, and satirical articles such as "people are not as good as dogs" were published in newspapers and periodicals. In addition to repeatedly "refuting rumors" in this regard, the Kuomintang has no substantive and effective rescue operations.
In a time of despair, the Chinese Communist Party resolutely shouldered the heavy responsibility of rescuing the national and cultural elite. In December 1941, Zhou Enlai twice sent an urgent telegram to Liao Chengzhi and others in Hong Kong, "Should first take friends in Hong Kong to Macao to Guangzhou Bay, or first go to Guangzhou Bay and then concentrate in Guilin." The "friend" here refers to the patriotic democrats and progressive people in the cultural circles who are stranded in Hong Kong. Zhou Enlai made specific arrangements for the retreat, and pointed out in particular that many important democrats and cultural figures are national elites and must do whatever it takes to rescue them at all costs, without fear of difficulties, and at all costs.
After receiving the order, the CPC Southern Working Committee, the Eighth Route Army Office in Hong Kong, the Dongjiang Column and other party organizations and armed forces were rapidly deployed, formulated a meticulous rescue plan, and planned two rescue routes via Kowloon and Macao. Liao Chengzhi and other Chinese Communists quickly contacted Liu Yazi, Liao Mosha and other cultural figures according to the rescue plan, and organized them to evacuate and hide.
The transfer of large numbers of people began on January 5, 1942. On the same day, Xia Yan, Jin Zhonghua and 16 other people were evacuated through the Macau route, and since then, a group of cultural figures have left Hong Kong every day. On January 9, Mao Dun, Ge Baoquan, Hu Sheng, and dozens of other cultural figures dressed as "refugees" led by traffic officer Li Jinrong avoided Japanese military posts and checkpoints and gathered at the sea traffic station in the typhoon shelter of Causeway Bay. Early the next morning, these cultural people took small boats and took advantage of the changing of the guard of the patrolling Japanese army to cross the sea and finally arrived safely at the Kowloon camp. Subsequently, Mao Dun and others, escorted by guerrillas, evaded the search and arrest of Japanese Kou agents, crossed the bandit-infested wilderness ridge, and arrived at the Dongjiang Column garrison in Baishilong, Guangdong. In the next few days, Hu Feng, Ding Cong and many other cultural figures also arrived. In the end, this secret rescue rescued more than 800 patriotic democrats, cultural progressives and their families stranded in Hong Kong.
△ Liao Chengzhi took a group photo with cultural circles escaping from danger in Guangzhou (front row from left: Mao Dun, Xia Yan, Liao Chengzhi; back row from left: Pan Hannian, Wang Fuquan, Yu Feng, Ye Wenjin, Situ Huimin)
After the cultural people arrived at the Dongjiang Column station, most of them stayed here for a while, and some stayed until the Lunar New Year. During the day, they either participated in guerrilla propaganda work, or created anti-Japanese literature, or experienced the life of guerrillas. At night, they often held parties with the guerrillas, inspiring each other and taking pleasure in each other's suffering.
February 14, 1942 is the Chinese New Year's Eve of the lunar calendar. Since the Japanese army withdrew from Huizhou before this, the local party organization immediately set up a traffic station and reception station in Huizhou, opening up the communication line to Shaoguan and Guilin. The organization decided to Chinese New Year's Eve on the same day, Mao Dun, Zhang Youyu and others were escorted and transferred to Huizhou, and Zou Taofen and other cultural figures stayed in the guerrilla zone to spend the New Year together.
On the day of the Chinese New Year's Eve, Mao Dun and more than 20 other people set off under the assistance of the local party organization. The crowd braved the rain and struggled to move forward until the early hours of the morning when they reached Huizhou. Hu Sheng once had the feeling to write a poem with the title of "Dongjiang", expressing the mood of the turbulent rush at that time. "It's another rush of miles, and lingnan spring is half cloudy and half sunny." The dongjiang boat female song is like crying, and the moon black wave is deeply waiting for the dawn star. "In China, which has gone through vicissitudes, where is the "dawn star"? It was the deepest reflection in the hearts of patriotic cultural people at that time. Mao Dun also wrote a book called the rescue operation "The Greatest Rescue Work Since the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression."
Zou Taofen and others later recalled the Chinese New Year's Eve in the guerrilla zone, and they were still very excited. "On behalf of all the commanders and fighters, Lin Ping, political commissar of the column, congratulated everyone on the New Year and solemnly and warmly extended condolences to everyone on behalf of the party Central Committee." "Everyone stood up and applauded, while accepting condolence items, while wiping tears of excitement, watching, laughing, thinking about the Yan'an Party Central Committee, for a long time can not be calm."
Regarding this thrilling past, Xia Yan once commented: "The great rescue shows the concern of the Party Central Committee and the Southern Bureau for intellectuals. With vivid facts, the large-scale rescue shows the historical events of the Communists and the military and people in the guerrilla areas who sacrificed their lives to carry out the united front policy in an extremely difficult environment. This is the real liver and gallbladder, life and death together. ”
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