Above "Tiger Tiger Tiger Tiger Tiger Tiger The US-Britain appeasement policy was finally bitten by the evil tiger: "We talked about the US-Britain appeasement policy toward Japan, and in the face of the war of aggression against China launched by Japan as early as 1931, the United States and Britain condemned it in language on the one hand, and actively carried out economic and trade relations with Japan on the other hand.
The United States and Britain completely broke with Japan, and Zhou Enlai commanded the Great Rescue of Hong Kong
Most of the war materials launched by Japan against China were imported from the United States. As the German-Japanese-Italian clique increasingly dominated the world and challenged the anglo-American and French world order, the United States, Britain, and other countries began to gradually adopt the "embargo" method against Japan to delay the pace of Japan's invasion of Southeast Asia.
In the face of U.S.-British sanctions, Japan, a resource-poor country, began an attack on U.S. and British forces in Asia on December 7, 1941, along with the "Attack on Pearl Harbor." Prior to this, Comrade Zhou Enlai pointed out in May 1941 that japan's invasion of Southeast Asia would sooner or later break with the United States and Britain. Therefore, we are also thinking about the withdrawal of anti-Logists in Southeast Asia if war breaks out.
Southeast Asia is one of the areas where overseas Chinese gather, and since the sino-French war, many stories of overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia have emerged in supporting the motherland and supporting the mother country to resist foreign invasion. This was still the case in Southeast Asia in the 20th century, and it was still a key external donor of Chinese anti-Japanese funds, technology, and personnel. Therefore, there are also many anti-Logists in the region, and if Japan occupies this area, the personal safety of the volunteers will face serious threats.
More importantly, Hong Kong, as a British colony at that time, was regarded as a safe place by anti-Japanese democrats on the mainland and in Southeast Asia before Japan tore its face with the United States and Britain, so many celebrities gathered here, or actively raised funds to resist Japan, or published anti-Japanese articles and remarks to the outside world, or exposed the ferocity of the Japanese Kou to the world. After the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, they will inevitably be liquidated by the Japanese army.
To this end, on December 7, 8, and 9, 1941, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China requested Zhou Enlai, vice chairman of the CPC Central Committee and secretary of the Southern Bureau, to instruct Liao Chengzhi three times in a row to be responsible for the evacuation of anti-Japanese patriotic democrats in Hong Kong and Southeast Asia.
Liao Chengzhi and Liang Guang were directly responsible for the rescue work
At that time, Liao Chengzhi was the director of the Eighth Route Army's office in Hong Kong, and he immediately carried out rescue work with Liang Guang, secretary of the Nanyue Provincial Party Committee, and the Dongjiang Column. On the morning of December 8, the Japanese army attacked Kowloon, and Liao Chengzhi immediately held an emergency meeting to study countermeasures. At the meeting, it was decided that patriots from all walks of life in Kowloon would be transferred to Hong Kong first, and Kowloon would not be able to hold on. After transferring to Kowloon, centralized arrangements were made to discuss the issue of transportation routes to Shaoguan, Laolong and other areas. The remaining issues await further instructions from the Central and Southern Bureaus.
Liu Shaowen and Yin Linping are responsible for the liaison and transportation arrangements between Hong Kong and Kowloon. Liu Shaowen (1905-1987, a native of Xinyang, Henan, an assistant to Li Kenong, one of the Three Masters of Longtan and was awarded the rank of lieutenant general in 1955), was responsible for liaison with patriots; Lin Ping, political commissar of the Dongjiang Column, was responsible for covering the safety of patriots retreating from Kowloon.
On the 18th, the Japanese 38th Division landed in Hong Kong. On the 25th, Governor Yang Muqi ordered the British to surrender. During the week, while Liao Chengzhi met with various patriots, the Dongjiang Column Short Gun Brigade entered Kowloon to begin the retreat plan. By this time, the Japanese had blocked the line of communication from Kowloon to Hong Kong. After Li Jianxing and Liao Anxiang (Meizhou Hero) smuggled from Kowloon to Hong Kong, the traffic line from Kowloon to Hong Kong was opened.
Liao Chengzhi
On January 1, 1942, the Great Rescue of Hong Kong officially began. Liao Chengzhi, Lian Guan, Qiao Guanhua took a small boat to Hung Hom, Kowloon under the protection of Li Jianxing. On the 3rd, Liao Chengzhi and others returned to Guangdong after meeting with Zeng Sheng, commander of the Dongjiang Column, and began to preside over the Rescue of Hong Kong.
Intelligence systems on all sides began to focus on the grand rescue
The United States, Japan, Britain, the Kuomintang, and Wang Fei are also paying more attention to well-known people in society, and the turmoil among intelligence personnel is naturally detected by all sides, so it is certain that Japan is aware of this when we launch a large-scale rescue operation in Hong Kong.
More importantly, in order to stabilize its rule, the Japanese Kou took the name of the so-called "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere" in order to stabilize it. On the one hand, the search for patriots, on the other hand, the temptation of well-known people.
On the one hand, they demanded that the "anti-Japanese elements" report to the "Great Japan Reporting Department" and the "Local Administration Department" report, otherwise they would be shot and killed. On the one hand, it was also publicized in newspapers and street advertising media, such as asking Zou Taofen and Mao Dun to participate in the "construction of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere", and the slide advertisement of the cinema "invited Mei Lanfang, Cai Chusheng and Situ Huimin to meet at the Peninsula Hotel". On the one hand, this makes people misunderstand that the gentlemen have defected, and on the other hand, it is also a trap for the responders.
In addition to the road led by Liao Chengzhi, Qiao Guanhua and others, Liang Guang, secretary of the Nanyue Provincial Party Committee, is also assisting in the rescue work. First of all, Pan Jing'an was sent to Hong Kong to contact patriots, and Pan Jing'an met Zhang Youyu, the chief writer of The China Business Daily, in Causeway Bay, Zhang Youyu was ready to evacuate, but took the initiative to assist Pan Jing'an in order to evacuate more patriots. Take the search for Mr. Zou Taofen as an example, it is also a lot of twists and turns.
In order to prevent being discovered by the Japanese, Mr. Zou Taofen has moved six times. It took Pan Jing'an four days to find him in a slum. After that, Pan Jing'an, Liu Shaowen, the Dongjiang Column and others secretly formulated traffic routes. The two lines of land and sea in the east and west were finally determined.
The western route is overland, from The Castle Peak Road to the Po An guerrilla zone via Tsuen Wan, Yuen Long and Chi Wei. The Western Front consists mainly of Japanese and pseudo-checkpoints and Bandit Tai Mo Shan.
The eastern route is the water, from Kowloon through Sai Kung Village, Sand Fish Bay, Tamsui, into the Huiyang guerrilla zone. The difficulties on the eastern front had to pass through the Japanese sentry at Ngau Chi Bay at Kai Tak Airport, saigon village where Japanese and bandits were entrenched, and Japanese gunboats and pirates in Dapeng Bay. The last pass on the eastern front was the garrison of a division of the Kuomintang 65th Army, and after receiving information, the division commander Zhang Guangqiong stepped up inspections at the water and land ports of Huizhou and set up a Hong Kong-Kowloon Refugee Registration Office, in fact, the purpose of this was to ensure that these patriots could go to the Kuomintang area.
Take the first rescued people as an example to describe the hardships involved
At midnight on January 9, Zou Taofen, Mao Dun and others left the port in three small boats in Causeway Bay, and then spent the night in a big boat. In the early morning, take a small boat to wait for the Japanese Kou to change the guard and take a flight out of the port. Arriving in Hung Hom, Kowloon, in danger, the first two of the three ships encountered bandits, and the guerrilla Lee Kam Wing demanded less money from the pirates in the local dialect. The pirates were also afraid of being discovered by the Japanese army, so they reduced the toll from 100 to 50 yuan. But when the third ship arrived, there was a shootout with the pirates.
Zou Taofen's family
After landing at Hung Hom in Kowloon, the group headed to Wata Old Road and then to Castle Peak Road.
On January 11, a group of people began to mix with the refugees from The Castle Peak Road, arrived in Tsuen Wan, and then broke away from the refugees and entered the Tai Mao Mountains, crossing the gorge into Yuen Long Eighteen Townships.
On the 12th, everyone in the secret reception station in Yuen Long received a refugee return permit issued by the mayor of Yuen Long. After that, a group of people mixed into the refugee group in batches. After crossing the Japanese sentry in Lok Ma Chau, then crossing the Shenzhen River to Chiwei Village (present-day Futian District, Shenzhen), it is basically safe. After repairing from Chiwei Village to Bailong Village, it will go to Huiyang and other places in batches. From Huiyang, according to organizational arrangements and personal wishes, they will go to Chongqing or Yan'an or other regions respectively.
The hardships of the period are difficult for us today, but through the memories of the parties, we can know that these literati were not timid when they faced knives and guns. Although they had no power to bind the chickens, they used the pen in their hands as a spear to shoot them at the enemy. Mr. He Xiangning once wrote a poem describing the scene of that year, which said:
Drifting with a strong will, afraid of insulting the year for the captives;
The rivers and mountains are no longer broken, and the boats are bravely moving forward against the current.
Sailing against the current refers to the seven days and nights that Mr. He returned from the south to the north against the water. In this great rescue, Premier Zhou made great historical contributions as the commander-in-chief and Liao Chengzhi as the commander-in-chief of the front. Among the specific executors, in addition to Pan Jing'an, there are many people who can sing and cry. Here's a special character.