In the history of the Chinese revolution, Qu Qiubai was a pivotal communist, the second supreme leader of the Communist Party of China after Chen Duxiu. In February 1935, Qu Qiubai went to Hong Kong for medical treatment, passing through Changting County, Fujian Province, because of traitors betrayed, was arrested by the Kuomintang army, on June 18, in Changting Zhongshan Park, Qu Qiubai sang the "Internationale", calmly righteous, only 36 years old.
Qu Qiubai
Young Qu Qiubai
Qu Qiubai was born in 1899 in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, and was once a member of the Yixing Wang clan. The teenager Qu Qiu was intelligent during the day, during his studies at Guanying Primary School, he once wrote an essay, the teacher gave a full score, recommended to the principal to read, because the writing is good, the principal added five points.
Young Qu Qiubai, in financial difficulties, his mother Jin Xuan committed suicide by taking poison. Under the double blow, Qu Qiubai dropped out of school to teach and support his family. Later, with the financial support of his relatives, Qu Qiubai entered the Wuchang Foreign Chinese School. A year later,
Qu Qiubai was admitted to the free Russian Language Training Center of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and studied Russian. During his studies, he came into contact with Marxism, joined the Marxist Research Association initiated by Li Dazhao and Zhang Songnian, participated in the May Fourth Movement, and in the revolutionary struggle, Qu Qiubai became a revolutionary.
Former residence of Qu Qiubai
In 1920, Qu Qiubai went to Moscow for an interview and was twice received by Lenin. After the opening of a special Chinese class at the Moscow Oriental University, Qu Qiubai served as an interpreter and teacher, and Liu Shaoqi, Ren Bishi, Xiao Jinguang and others were qu Qiubai's students.
At the end of 1922, Chen Duxiu visited Moscow on behalf of the Communist Party of China, and Qu Qiubai served as an interpreter. Chen Duxiu admired Qu Qiubai's talent very much, so he invited him to return to China to participate in the revolutionary struggle activities.
Qu Qiubai gladly agreed. After returning to China, Qu Qiubai translated and wrote a large number of articles introducing Marx, Lenin, and the international communist movement to publicize revolutionary ideas. This article focuses on the emotional situation of Qu Qiubai after returning to China.
Qu Qiubai's ultimate love
In 1923, Qu Qiubai went to Shanghai University as provost and head of the Department of Sociology. Here, he met the female revolutionary Wang Jianhong, the two met, knew each other, fell in love, and the common faith made the two quickly unite. However, the weather is unpredictable, 7 months after marriage, Wang Jianhong died of tuberculosis, Wang Jianhong died of tuberculosis, Wang Jianhong died, left a will, which included the following sentence: "I loved you so gently and single-mindedly, I do not want to make you sad and sad at all, may God give you another person, like you." Qu Qiubai was in great pain, and in his letter to Ding Ling, he expressed his feelings of longing affectionately.
Wang Jianhong and Ding Ling
Qu Qiubai's revolutionary cause is difficult and tortuous, but his love is very beautiful. Soon, Yang Zhihua appeared in the life of Qu Qiubai, Yang Zhihua was young, beautiful, and ideologically progressive, and was a revolutionary comrade-in-arms of Xiang Jianyu, Wang Jianhong, and others. After being recommended to the police, Qu Qiubai became Yang Zhihua's introduction to the party, and Yang Zhihua gloriously joined the Communist Party of China.
Yang Zhihua was born in 1900 in Xiaoshan, Zhejiang. During the May Fourth Movement, Yang Zhihua studied at the Zhejiang Girls' Normal School, and under the influence of the May Fourth New Culture Movement, her thinking progressed. At the beginning of 1921, Yang Zhihua married Shen Jianlong, the son of the local famous Shen Xuanlu family. Shen Jianlong is smart, charming, poetry, books and paintings are very proficient, after marriage, the two came to Shanghai, Shanghai is a world of flowers and flowers, Shen Jianlong can not withstand the temptation, life is not in order, Yang Zhihua is very sad, at the end of the year, gave birth to a daughter, Yang Zhihua later named Shen Duyi, which means that only one of her is born, expressing Yang Zhihua's dissatisfaction with this marriage.
Yang Zhihua
During Wang Jianhong's illness, Yang Zhihua often visited her. In this process, Yang Zhihua and Qu Qiubai had a deeper understanding of each other. Later, Qu Qiubai fell deeply in love with Yang Zhihua, he knew that Yang Zhihua was a married wife, or he couldn't help but express this emotion. Yang Zhihua was in love with Qu Qiubai, who was knowledgeable and elegant, but due to the fact that Wang Jianhong died not long ago, his father-in-law Shen Xuanlu was kind to himself, and he had not yet divorced, Yang Zhihua could not face it, so he fled and returned to his hometown of Xiaoshan, Zhejiang.
Qu Qiubai found Yang Zhihua's "righteous father" Shao Lizi, hoping that Shao Lizi could help him. Shao Lizi was very enlightened, saying that the bell should also be tied to the bell, and he asked Qu Qiubai to talk to Shen Jianlong and strive for a peaceful solution.
Qu Qiubai, Shen Jianlong and Yang Zhihua pushed their hearts and exchanged frankly with each other for 4 days, and finally Shen Jianlong admired Qu Qiubai's character and talent and withdrew from this relationship.
On November 27, 28 and 29, 1924, the Republic of China Daily repeatedly published three "notices" in three consecutive days, the full text of which is as follows:
Yang Zhihua Shen Jianlong Notice: Since November 18, 1924, we have officially broken off from the relationship. Qu Qiu Poplar Zhihua Notice: Since November 18, 1924, we have officially bonded in love. Shen Jianlong Qu Qiubai Notice: Since November 18, 1924, we have officially combined the relationship of friends.
Republic of China Daily
On the anniversary of the October Revolution in 1924, Qu Qiubai and Yang Zhihua were married in Shanghai, and Qu Qiubai personally carved a seal of "Autumn White Hua" as a witness to their love. Qu Qiubai also engraved the seven words "Give me a life partner" on a gold pin and gave it to Yang Zhihua as a love relic. Since then, Yang Zhihua's child has changed his name to Qu Duyi. Shen Jianlong personally came to the wedding scene to wish Qu Qiubai and Yang Zhihua.
Qu Qiubai and Yang Zhihua
Later, Qu Qiubai and Yang Zhihua worked in Moscow, and the two spent the best time of their lives. Yang Zhihua was grateful for Shen Jianlong's open-mindedness and generosity, and often sent Qu Duyi's life photos to Shen Jianlong, calling Shen Jianlong "Dragon Brother" in the letter.
Qu Qiubai and Yang Zhihua and Qu Duyi's family
Qu Qiubai did not participate in the Long March of the Red Army due to lung disease, and insisted on guerrilla warfare in Ruijin, Jiangxi. In February 1935, his condition was so severe that the organization decided to let him go to Hong Kong. Passing through Changting County, Fujian Province, he was unfortunately captured. During his imprisonment by the enemy, Qu Qiubai strictly guarded the secrets of the party and wrote "Superfluous Words", expressing the tortuous mental journey of his life. On June 18, 1935, according to the Tianjin Ta Kung Pao that year, Qu Qiubai slowly walked to the execution ground, singing the "Internationale" along the way, shouting slogans, calmly and righteously, only 36 years old. When Qu Qiubai died, Yang Zhihua was 35 years old and Qu Duyi was 14 years old.
Yang Zhihua's bumpy encounter
In the second year after Qu Qiubai's death, Yang Zhihua, who was working in Moscow, was dismissed from his post by Wang Ming and others and isolated for examination. In 1938, Ren Bishi organized a visit to Moscow to rehabilitate Yang Zhihua and arranged for her to be reunited with Qu Duyi's mother and daughter. In 1941, after the outbreak of war between the Soviet Union and Germany, the organization arranged for Yang Zhihua and Qu Duyi to return to China, but when they passed through Xinjiang, they were arrested by the warlord Sheng Shicai and imprisoned for four years. During the Chongqing negotiations in 1946, Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou demanded to Chiang Kai-shek to release the Communists imprisoned in Xinjiang, and Yang Zhihua's mother and son were rescued and released. After returning to Yan'an, Chairman Mao specially invited Yang Zhihua's mother and son to his home; on another occasion in Yan'an, Chairman Mao once lamented that if Qiu bai was in good shape, the culture of the border area needed him to lead.
After liberation, Yang Zhihua, with his love for Qu Qiubai, went through all kinds of hardships to find Qu Qiubai's skeleton and buried it in the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery, where Premier Zhou personally wrote the inscription "Tomb of Qu Qiubai". Due to the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations, Yang Zhihua was quarantined and censored for 6 years during the Cultural Revolution. On October 17, 1973, Yang Zhihua was seriously ill and was approved to be released from prison for medical treatment, and three days later, Yang Zhihua died in Beijing at the age of 73.
Conclusion
Qu Qiubai and Yang Zhihua had a rough life, but they always firmly believed in the revolution.
To The delight of Qu Qiubai and Yang Zhihua, their children Qu Duyi, who was very accomplished in Russian, broadcast the news of the founding of New China to the world in Russian at the founding ceremony in 1949; once worked as a Russian translator for Premier Zhou; and later in the Soviet Union, she personally founded the Moscow branch of Xinhua News Agency and became a pillar of the motherland's construction.
The place where Qu Qiubai sacrificed