preface
After the emergence of Gelug poetry, in order to meet the requirements of Gelug Ping and Servant Confrontation and so on, the syntax of poetry is different from that of ancient poetry.
In the Oubei Poetry, Zhao Yi mentions several syntaxes created by Du Fu:
Du Shi also has an original syntax, which is not available to previous generations. For example, "He General's Garden" [Green weeping wind folds bamboo shoots, red bloom rain fat plums. 〕 [Rain throws gold lock armor, moss lies green Shen gun.] ] "Send Jia Yan Er Ge Lao" [Cui Qian Dangerous Stack Bamboo, Red Greasy Little Lake Lotus. 〕 "Jiang Ge" of the "Wild Popular Land Day, Jiang into the Mountain Clouds." Nan Chu 's " [ Nameless River Grass , Random Ridge Head Cloud. ] "New Qing" of "Bizhi Lake Grass, Qing see Haidongyun. "Autumn Xing" [Fragrant rice pecking parrot grain, biwu perched old phoenix branch. 〕 "Oubei Poetry"
Mr. Qian Zhongshu mentioned the characteristics of the poet's language in the "Pipe Cone Compilation":
...... The system of gai rhyme is limited to words and sentences, bound to the rhythm of sound, and prose has no such restrictions. ...... Therefore, after the break, it is backwards, not smooth, and in the poems, it is familiar and familiar, and it is safe and simple. ...... Each of them is different, and the prose can be graced and reduced... If it is a prose, it will be strangled.
Some poets' syntax is different from prose syntax because of the requirements of vocal law. There are often phenomena such as front-loading and inversion. However, in Du Fu's poems, there are also some reasons that are not because of the sound rhythm, and his leading inversion is self-intentional.
Below, we look at the "original syntax" that Zhao Yi mentioned about Writing Du Fu.
First, the color is prepended
1, green hanging wind folding bamboo shoots, red blooming rain fat plum
"He General Garden" [Green weeping wind folds bamboo shoots, red bloom rain fat plum. 〕
"General He Garden" refers to Du Fu's "Accompany Zheng Guangwen to General He Mountain Forest", and Du Fu accompanied his friend Dr. Zheng Qian of Guangwenguan to tour the mountain forest of General He and composed a group of ten poems.
Green hanging wind folding bamboo shoots, red blooming rain fat plum, from the fifth song:
The remaining water is broken, and the remnants of the mountains are open.
Green hanging wind folding bamboo shoots, red blooming rain fat plum.
Silver armor is used to play kites, and goldfish are exchanged for wine.
Move without sprinkling, feel free to sit on the berry moss.
Green hanging wind folding bamboo shoots, red blooming rain fat plum. Written in the vernacular: the wind blows the green shoots, the branches droop; the rain fattens the red plums, and the blossoms bloom.
Du Fu placed green and red in front of them in order to highlight these two colors.
2, cuiqian dangerous bamboo, red greasy small lake lotus
"Send Jia Yan Er Ge Lao" of "Cui Qian Dangerous Stack Bamboo, Red Greasy Little Lake Lotus." 〕
The complete title of "Sending Jia Yan Er Ge Lao" is "Sending Yue Prefecture Jia Sima Liu Zhang Ba Zhou Yan Eight Envoys Two Pavilion Old Fifty Rhymes". One rhyme two sentences and ten words, it can be seen that fifty rhymes are 500 words of long poems, the old street is cut off, and only the middle eight sentences are entered:
Cuiqian dangerous stack bamboo, red greasy small lake lotus.
Jia Pen was lonely and indignant, and Yan Shifu wrote several poems.
Knowing the deep meaning of suffering, do not let the multitude pass it on.
The shell brocade is not woven, and the jussie has broken strings.
Here is also the front of the two colors of green and red.
3, Bizhi Lake outside the grass, sunny to see the sea east clouds
"New Qing" of "Bizhi Lake Grass, Sunny See HaidongYun.] 〕
The grass outside the Bizhi Lake, the sunny view of the sea and the east clouds. From one of Du Fu's "Two Songs of Qing":
Long rain WuShan dark, new sunny splendid embroidery text. Grass outside Bizhi Lake, red see the sea east clouds.
The sun warblers are harmonious, and there are several flocks of cranes. The wildflowers dried up more, and the wind was rushing. host
The fourth sentence is available in two versions: sunny and red.
The poet mentions the blue and red (qing) in the front, which is the same use.
4. About the color front
Regarding this syntax, Fan Xiwen's "Night Talk to the Bed", Volume III, analyzes:
Old Dudo wanted to put the first word in color, but he quoted the real word. Such as "red into the peach blossom tender, green back to the willow leaf new" is also. Otherwise, the language is weak and discouraged. "Night Talk to the Bed"
Moreover, the use of this syntax is still quite a few in Du Fu's poems:
He is like "Qing Xi Peaks Pass, Huang Zhi Orange Grapefruit Comes", "Bizhi Lake Outer Grass, Red See Hai DongYun", "Green Weeping Wind Folding Bamboo Shoots, Red Blooming Rain Fat Plum", "Red Soaked Coral Short, Green Hanging Lily Long", "Cui Shen Open Broken Wall, Red Far Knot Flying Building", "Cui Dry Dangerous Bamboo, Red Greasy Little Lake Lotus", "Purple Harvest Ridge Taro, White Seed Land Pond Lotus", all of which are like precursors. "Night Talk to the Bed"
Mr. Zhou Zhenfu also specifically mentioned in the "Examples of Poetry" that this is a way to focus on prominence:
This may be due to the first writing of color, and then add instructions, easy to attract people's attention, more attractive. For example, "green hanging wind folding bamboo shoots", when you see "green hanging", I don't know what it is talking about, so naturally pay attention to it. If you say "the wind breaks the bamboo shoots and hangs green", there is no such attraction. The role of rhetoric is also revealed here.
Second, other fronts
Later, Du Fu once again visited the mountain forest of General He, so he wrote five more five laws, "Heavy over the Five Songs of He".
Rain throws gold lock armor, moss lies green Shen gun. From the fourth song:
Quite strange to be lazy, should be long and interesting.
Rain throws gold lock armor, moss lies green sink gun.
The hand moves the willow, and the family is enough to sorghum.
Watch the jun use the humor, day to the Xi Emperor.
Rain throws gold lock armor, moss lies green sink gun. The armor sewn with gold thread was thrown in the rain, and the green-handled spear was thrown on the moss.
What does this mean? There is a sentence in the group poem "Accompanying Zheng Guangwen to Visit General He in the Mountains and Forests": "The general is not good at martial arts." The weapons are placed at will, indicating that the general has abandoned the martial arts: the bed is connected to the house, and the tree in front of the steps is cloudy. Generals are not good at martial arts, and children can always write. Sober up the wine breeze in, listen to the poetry quiet night equinox.
These two poems, in fact, are also the same as the color front, which is to put the rain and moss in front. In the eyes of the poet, he first saw the rain and the moss, and then noticed the armor in the hazy rain, and the gun on the green moss. This kind of preposition is to convey the real feelings to the reader.
In other words, if we were on the spot, we would have felt the rain and moss first. This is the same as the color front, first feel the green or red, and then gradually see that green is a bent bamboo shoot, red is a blooming plum blossom.
The same syntax, such as in "Autumn Xing": fragrant rice pecking parrot grain, biwuqi old phoenix branch. These two sentences are often used as examples, and I will not say more here.
The poet embodies true feelings by focusing on the way of prominence. In this way, it is the front-facing inversion.
3. The requirements of the law
Nameless river grass, random ridge head cloud. From Du Fu's "Southern Chu"
Nan Chu was young and different, and Xuan Han was divided early.
Nameless river grass, random ridge head cloud.
The bees meet in the first month, and the birds hear each other.
The cane hinders the Prancing Horse, not the reason for the outlier.
There is no front-loading inversion of these two sentences. The nameless grass on the river, or the grass that grows on the nameless river, can be explained. However, if it is written as "nameless grass on the river, random clouds on the ridge", these two sentences and the first link will lose their stickiness, which is the requirement of the law.
Secondly, it is written as "nameless grass on the river, lingtou random cloud", which can also be used in the third link, Du Fu wrote so, it is estimated that it is still to highlight the two words of namelessness and randomness.
Wild popular land day, jiang into the mountain clouds, from the "Jiang Ge has a nostalgic camp pei er duan gong on the rain":
The southern era is strong and strong, and the clouds and sunshine are not divided.
Wildlands are popular in the day, and the river enters the mountain clouds.
The layer pavilion is based on Thunder Yin, and the long sky is water surface text.
The rain comes to the north of the copper pillar, and the Polish army should be washed.
The river enters the mountain clouds, reminiscent of Wang Zhizhuo's "Liangzhou Words": the Yellow River is far above the white clouds. It's not a flip-flop.
From the word "into", it can be seen that the "flow" of the upper link is also a verb, so "wild popular earth day" should be the sun rising and falling in the earth field.
Pushing down the link "river into the mountain cloud" should mean that the cloud of the mountain is reflected in the river. Instead of the river far above the white clouds between the forehead meaning.
In this way, these two sentences are actually reversed.
This inversion is also a requirement of the grammar. If the writing: the land flows in the wilderness, the mountains and clouds into the river, then the rhyme is not right, and there is also a problem of stickiness.
Conclusion
For Du Fu, it was easy to adjust the words to solve the loss of stickiness, and the reason why he made sentences in this way was to highlight the poetry. The law does not bind him.
Secondly, many of his syntaxes, such as "fragrant rice pecking parrot grain, Biwuqi old phoenix branch", written as "parrot pecking yuxiang rice grain, phoenix perched old Biwu branch", all meet the requirements of the law. The reason why Du Fu wrote this is to focus on prominence.
Of course, many of the syntax we modern poets use, it is easy to be criticized for not being logical. Therefore, appreciating poetry, in fact, there are also levels of high and low. If they were all dwarves watching the drama and the clouds of people, even Du Fu's poems would be criticized today.
@Old Street Taste
Zhao Yi's "Oubei Poetry", Among Du Fu's more than 700 rhythm poems, the best confrontation is these two sentences