The final outcome of the three dynasties is so different, because in addition to the tomb robbers concerned about whether the imperial tomb is worth going to "underground archaeology", another key factor is that this group of people also has professional ethics.
The Yuan Emperor's tomb could not be seen at all, in fact, because it was hidden deep and there was no trace, and the tomb robbers did not bother to look for it. None of the Tombs of the Ming Emperor were stolen because, apart from the professional ethics of tomb robbers (that is, we often say that thieves also have a way), they were well protected during the Manchu Qing and Republic of China periods. The Tomb of the Qing Emperor is not only very eye-catching, but also no one cares about it during the war, and it will naturally be stolen from many places.
The funerary goods in the imperial tomb are the motives of tomb robbers
Ancient emperors were called long live, and mausoleums have always been a taboo thing in people's hearts, and it is not too much to be regarded as a fierce thing. But as soon as many emperors ascended the throne, they set out to build mausoleums for themselves, choosing a feng shui treasure for themselves as a place to rest after death. Naturally, there are a large number of precious funerary items that accompany them into the mausoleum, so that they can continue to enjoy the power and glory of their lives after death.
In the cognition of most of us, these rare treasures buried in the imperial tomb should be considered valuable, after all, the objects that can be valued by the emperor and buried with the emperor are definitely fine. Therefore, since ancient times, regardless of black and white tomb robbers, they have always been obsessed with the imperial tomb. For example, during the Three Kingdoms period, in order to fund the war, Cao Cao specially set up the official Lieutenant Touching Jin to go to the tomb robbery in the name of the righteous.
Some people may have no concept of the value of the city, so take the clear price of a folk collection as an example. At Sotheby's in Hong Kong in 2017, a Northern Song Dynasty Ru kiln azure glaze round wash was sold for more than HK$294 million, setting a world record for Chinese porcelain auctions. Imagine that the objects of the people are worth a sky-high price, not to mention the things in the imperial tomb?
So almost every dynasty, every imperial tomb is surrounded by traces of tomb robbers, but what is amazing is why there is no record of the theft of the Yuan Emperor's tomb?
The Tomb of the Yuan Emperor, perhaps even the descendants of the royal family do not know where the mausoleum is
During the Yuan Dynasty, whether it was recognized or not, China could only be regarded as part of the jurisdiction of the Mongol Empire, so there was no doubt that the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty was also a Mongol. However, the Mongols' view of life and death is very different from that of the Han Chinese. After death, most Han Chinese follow the principle of "entering the soil for safety and returning to the roots of fallen leaves", but the Mongols pursue the "way of nature". These two concepts are incompatible, let's take a look at the choice of the Yuan Emperor's mausoleum.
According to the "Grass and Woods", "Two pieces of wood were used, hollowed out, and the size of the humanoid was combined into a coffin, and the remains were placed in it." Add lacquer, bi, then with gold as the circle, three circles fixed (hoop two ends, middle). Then, dig a deep ditch and bury it. Peace with the ravages of ten thousand horses.
To put it simply, after the death of the Mongol emperor, the person responsible for taking care of the aftermath selected a large tree and hollowed out the middle to make a single wooden coffin. Then put the body in, and then use the golden circle to fix the burial, the soil is backfilled, and then let thousands of knights step on the horse. After a few years, the grass grows up, and there is no trace of the mausoleum, and with the passage of time, it is even more difficult to find the tomb of the Yuan Emperor.
Here it is estimated that many people say, "There is nothing difficult in the world, only afraid of people with hearts", if the tomb robbers really want to find the imperial tomb of the Yuan Dynasty, they should also be able to find it, after all, they are professional, and the art industry has a specialty. So why has it been rarely seen until now that tomb robbers have visited the Yuan Emperor's mausoleum? In fact, this is because the grave robbers have a high risk of returning empty-handed.
It is said that the Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, in addition to the secret burial mentioned above, also liked thin burials. Thin burial that is to say, when the emperor is buried, he will not bury too many funerary goods, because of the existence of this reason, those tomb robbers have little interest in the tomb of the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, after all, if you pay too much experience, and finally the bamboo basket is empty, and even if it is wanted, it will not be worth the loss. Since they didn't look for it, it naturally led to the fact that none of the YuanLing could be seen.
Therefore, the Yuan Emperor's mausoleum can not be found, it is also excusable, after all, too much investment but no return of things fools will not do, then the next Ming Dynasty imperial tombs can be done without a single theft?
The Ming Emperor's Mausoleum is more of a spiritual significance
Speaking of the Ming Emperor's Mausoleum, it mainly refers to the Ming Xiao Mausoleum of Zhu Yuanzhang in Nanjing, and the Ming Tombs in Beijing. It is no exaggeration to say that the Ming Emperor's Mausoleum is the best-preserved imperial tomb cluster now, and it has to be said that this is a miracle. You know, as mentioned above, there must be a lot of cultural relics in the imperial tomb, and the Ming Emperor's mausoleum is no exception. For example, the mausoleum of the Yongle Emperor Zhu Di may exist, and the literary masterpiece "Yongle Canon" that makes everyone red-eyed. The tomb robbers did not choose the Ming Emperor's mausoleum for the first time, why is this?
1. In order to win over the Han Chinese, the Manchu Qing protected the tombs of the Ming Emperor. After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, considering that there were still many Han Chinese. In order to make the Han people less repulsive to the Manchus, it is also to gain the approval of the Han people. So the Manchu rulers consciously sent troops to protect the ming emperor's mausoleum, after all, this is the tomb of the last emperor of the Han Dynasty. After Kangxi came to power, he also paid homage to the Ming Tomb. Therefore, during the Qing Dynasty, there were almost no tomb robbers to fight the idea of the Ming Emperor's mausoleum, after all, if they were caught, they would be in danger of life.
Second, after the Republic of China, the Ming Emperor's mausoleum was more like a kind of spiritual sustenance. After the founding of the Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen also paid homage to the Ming Tomb as the provisional president, which is equivalent to telling the world one thing clearly, the Ming Dynasty is the ancestor of the Han people, and the descendants dig the tomb of the ancestors, which is to fight five thunders in the sky and drown by the spitting star.
3. The Ming Emperor's mausoleum uses deep burial. In the Ming Dynasty, the underground palace gates were often 20 or 30 meters deep underground, that is to say, if you want to find their underground palace doors, you need to dig nine stories of deep soil to find them. And the entrance to the underground palace of the Ming Dynasty is uncertain, just take the founding of the country, Guo Moruo wanted to take the lead in archaeology of Zhu Di's mausoleum, but after looking for a long time, he could not find the underground palace. In the end, the tomb of the Wanli Emperor was archaeologized, but even the entrance to the Wanli Emperor's underground palace was found through an accidental stele. However, due to the lack of scientific methods to protect cultural relics, this archaeology has also become a major tragedy in the history of Chinese archaeology.
In summary, the tomb robbers think about it or forget it, all the Han people are staring at this bit of mausoleum, if you go around the Ming Emperor's mausoleum, there may really be no return. However, the tombs of the Qing Emperor were stolen a lot, why is this?
The Tomb of the Qing Emperor was stolen, and the new hatred and the old hatred were counted together
Compared with the Ming Tombs, the qing emperor's mausoleum is not superior in geographical location, and it is even very remote. The reason why it was stolen was due to the corruption and incompetence of the late Qing government and the war at that time, of course, the stolen Tombs of the Qing Emperor were mainly the Qing Tombs.
China has suffered a century of national humiliation in modern times, and it can be said that the vast majority of people believe that these humiliations were brought about by the Manchu Qing, so they are very hostile to the Qing court. The Manchu Qing signed unequal treaties with the great powers, and this series of national humiliations made the lives of the people miserable, so many people thought that stealing the Qing tombs was doing good deeds, and they all felt a bad breath. Coupled with the warlord melee of the Republic of China, the Qing Emperor's Mausoleum was located in a remote place, and there was no military protection, and the warlord had to play the calculation of the Qing Imperial Tomb in order to collect military salaries.
For example, the Han warlord Sun Dianying, on the pretext of repaying the revenge of his ancestor Sun Chengzong for being killed by the Manchu Qing for three generations, dug up the Yuling Tomb of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, knocked out Qianlong's teeth, and so on, a series of seemingly revenge, but in fact it was for the gold and silver treasures in the mausoleum.
In addition, why didn't the tomb robber choose the QingXi Tombs? In the end, it is very simple, the emperors in the Qing Dynasty are rich lords.
Consider the two emperors, Kangxi and Qianlong, who actually held power for more than 120 years. In addition, Empress Dowager Cixi has been in power for nearly 50 years, and these three people have mastered more than half of the Qing Empire, and they must have accumulated a wealth of wealth, and the tomb robbers will definitely think of stealing The Tanglin Tombs, even if they are aiming at Cixi. On the contrary, the Qing Dynasty, headed by the Yongzheng Emperor, was very frugal, to put it bluntly, compared to poor ghosts.
The Tomb of the Qing Emperor is relatively close to modern times, and many people also know that the burial items are abundant, coupled with the hatred of the Han people who have been suppressed for a long time, so it has become the first choice for both civil and official tomb robbers.
In general, the Yuan Emperor's mausoleum may not be found; the Ming and Qing Emperor's tombs, one stolen, one stolen many places, is also caused by the specific era background at that time. It is worth mentioning that due to the failure of the ming Dynasty Dingling archaeology mentioned above, the government proposed that in the future, it will no longer take the initiative to excavate the imperial tombs, and it will not change for fifty years and will not waver for one hundred years. This is also a kind of protection for the imperial tomb.